下面是小编为大家整理的从一道高考题聚焦take的用法，本文共6篇，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助您。
作者：杨时务
先看下面一道高考题:
The taxi driver often reminds passengers to ________ their belongings when they leave the car.
A. keep B. catch
C. hold D. take
此题重点考查常用动词的词义辨析。keep意为“保持,保存,履行”; catch意为“抓住,赶上,领会”; hold意为“握住,担任,认为”; take意为“拿走,带走”等。根据题意:出租车司机时常提醒乘客下车时带走自己的物品,由此可以确定正确答案为D。
take是一个非常活跃的动词,考生应理解并能在实践中灵活运用。
一、take意为“拿走,带去,夺去”
We’re going to take the students around the factory this afternoon. 我们打算下午带领学生参观工厂。
The earthquake in 1976 took thousands of lives. 1976年的那次地震夺去了成千上万人的性命。
take作“拿走,带去”解(由近而远);bring作“拿来,带来”解(由远而近);fetch作“去拿来,去请来”解(由近而远,再由远而近,包括往返动作); carry作“携带,带有”解,不强调方向,注重随身携带。
Take the axe to the next room, and bring the file here. 把斧头拿到隔壁房间去,把锉刀拿到这儿来。
How many kilograms of luggage can I carry with me? 我可以随身携带多少公斤行李?
Please fetch me a dictionary from the library. 请替我到图书馆去取一本词典来。
二、take意为“拿,取,握,捕捉”
She took me by the hand and told me a secret. 她拉住我的手告诉我一个秘密。
A large number of the aggressor troops were taken prisoner in the battle.在那次战斗中许多侵略军被俘。
三、take意为“需要,花费”
Don’t take too long over the gardening: it’s nearly supper-time. 别在园子花太多的时间:晚饭时间快到了。
To my surprise, the journey took me three hours. 使我惊讶的是,我在路上花了三个小时。
take, spend, cost, pay的区别:
spend与 pay的主语一般是人; take与 cost的主语通常是物。另一方面,与它们相搭配的介词有别。
Tell me how much the new computer cost you.
Tell me how much you spent on the new computer.
Tell me how much you paid for the computer.
Tell me how much it took you to buy the new computer.
请告诉我你花了多少钱买这台新电脑。
四、take意为“吃,喝,服用,吸收,容纳”
Tell him the medicine is to be taken three times a day.告诉他这药日服三次。
To my satisfaction, the bookshelf just takes the books. 使我满意的是,这书架正好可以装进这些书。
五、“take+介词 / 副词”构成的短语动词
take away“拿走,夺去”; take along“随身携带”; take back “收回,带回”;take down “咽下,记下”; take in“接受,领会”; take off “脱下,取消,起飞”; take on“呈现”; take up“着手处理,占据(时间等)”; take to“开始,喜欢”; take out“拿出,去掉”。
六、“take+名词(+介词)”构成的短语动词
take advantage of“利用”; take charge of“负责”; take care of “照料”; take hold of“握住”; take the place of“代替”; take possession of “占有”; take notice of “注意”; take it easy “别着急”; take interest in “对……感兴趣”; take a fancy to “爱好”; take part in“参加”; take one’s leave“离开”; take place “发生”; take trouble “效劳”; take a chance “碰运气”; take pains “费力”; take pity on “同情”; take delight in “为……高兴”; take heart“鼓起勇气”; take one’s time“不慌不忙”; take office“就职”; take the train “乘火车”; take a walk“散步”;take pride in“以……而自豪”。
作者：杨时务
先看下面一道高考题:
These wild flowers are so special I would do ________ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that
C. which D. whichever
此题主要考查关联词引导宾语从句时的用法差异。that引导宾语从句时,只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何成分。which引导宾语从句具有双重作用:一方面起连接作用,引导从句,同时在从句中充当某种成分,其意思与其作疑问词时的意思相同。弄清whichever与whatever的区别,我们便可确定此题的正确选项为A。
下面重点分析whichever的用法:
一、whichever作连接代词,意为“无论哪个;无论哪些”,连接宾语从句、主语从句。如:
You can choose whichever you want.你要哪一个,就挑选哪一个。
Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a helping hand to others. 我们之中无论谁先做完自己的工作,都要去帮助别人。
二、whichever作连接形容词,意为“无论哪个;无论哪些”。应当注意, 此用法的whichever必须同其被修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。如:
You can take whichever seat you want. 你喜欢哪一个座位,就挑哪一个。
Whichever book you borrow, you must return it in a week. 你无论借哪一本书,都必须在一周内归还。
三、whichever与whatever的区别。
这两个词的意思不同,whichever意为“无论哪个;无论哪些”;whatever意为“无论什么;凡是……的事物”。此外,whichever后也可以接一个名词,当然,在一定的语境中,与whichever连用的名词有时可以省略。如:
You should wear whichever dress suits you best. 什么衣服最适合你穿,你就应该穿什么。
I’ll do whatever you ask me to do. 你叫我做什么,我就做什么。
All the books are here. You may borrow whichever (book) you like. 所有的书都在这儿。你愿借哪本,就借哪本。
Whatever she did was right, I am afraid. 凡是她所做的恐怕都是正确的。
四、whichever与which的区别。
whichever可以引导名词性从句或状语从句;which是个疑问词,用在疑问句中,或作关系代词,引导定语从句。如:
I’ll read whichever book you recommend. 你推荐的任何书我都愿意看。
Whichever you choose, the others will be offended. 不管你选哪一个,其余人都会生气的。
Which foreign language have you studied? 你学过哪一种外语?
He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him. 他邀请我们吃饭,他真是太好了。
五、whichever与no matter which的区别。
no matter which 只能引导状语从句,但whichever既可引导状语从句,还可引导名词从句。
Whichever of the three sisters you choose to marry, you will have a good wife. 不论你选择三姐妹中的哪一位结婚,你都将娶一位贤淑的妻子。
Vote for whichever proposal you think most favourable. 认为你哪个建议最好,你就投票赞成哪个建议。
No matter which dictionary you want to buy, I’ll pay for it. 无论你想买哪本词典,我都愿意付款。
作者：杨时务
请看下面一道高考题:
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
乍一看,此题是综合考查非谓语动词的用法和区别。其实,细读题干,我们可以看出,理解句意及find的含义和用法是正确解此题的关键。全句意为“如果发现厨师在厨房抽烟,他会立即被解雇。”题干中的find意为“发现、发觉”,了解find作此意解时的结构形式,便可确定正确选项为B。
我们可从下述几点掌握find的用法。
一、find意为“发现、发觉”
作此意解时,其后接宾语+宾补(分词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语或to be)。作宾补的动词用现在分词还是过去分词取决于动词同宾语之间的关系。
A group of children were found playing on the playground. 有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。
We have found him (to be) a dishonest person. 我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子。
I find it necessary to get a map while traveling. 我感到旅行的时候有必要搞到一张地图。
二、find意为“找到、寻找”
应当注意,find作“找到,寻找”解时,侧重寻找的结果;而look for则侧重寻找的过程。
I lost my cellphone this morning. I’ve been looking for it ever since, but I haven’t found it.今天上午我把手机丢了。从那时起我就一直在找,可是到现在还没找到。
三、find后接从句
find后可接that-clause,表示“发现一个事实、道理”。
He found that some of the natives knew his language. 他发现有几个本地人懂他的语言。
四、find,discover 及invent的区别
find和discover均可用于指偶然发现或通过研究的发现。find是较非正式用词,表示找到或发现的意思。discover指通过有意识地寻找或查询,发现某种已经存在的现象或事物。invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
Please find my hat for me. 请把我的帽子找来给我。
It was Columbus who discovered America in 1492.就是哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大?贝尔在1876年发明了电话。
五、find构成的常用短语
find oneself(发现自己真实的能力、性格等);find fault with(抱怨;挑剔);find one’s way to(设法到达)等。
The manager is always finding fault with my work. 经理总是对我的工作吹毛求疵。
I hope you can find your way home. 我希望你能找到回家的路。
作者：杨时务
先看下面一道高考题:
-I’m going to the post office.
-________you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
对连词的用法考查在每年高考题中均有涉及。Because引导原因状语从句, If引导条件状语从句,按题干提供的情景均不可取。While和As都能引导时间状语从句,极易混淆。As一般强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词动作的同时性,而While除可表示同时性外,还含有一个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持续过程中的某一时刻发生。再从题干所提供的情景判断,就可知道B为最佳答案。
while的用法可从下述几点理解与运用。
一、while意为“当……时候”,指一段时间,不能用来表示一个时间点。
While the discussion was still going on, George came in. 当讨论还在进行时,乔治走了进来。
二、while意为“而;然而”,表示转折。
There’re plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast. 东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
三、while意为“虽然;尽管”,表示让步。
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 尽管我承认他的优点,但我还是能看到他的缺点。
四、while意为“只要”,表示条件。
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结一致,一定能克服这些困难。
五、while从句中的省略。
当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
While listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她在听收音机时睡着了。
While in London, he studied music and painting. 在伦敦时,他学习音乐和绘画。
六、while可用作名词,意为“一会儿;一段时间”。
作名词用时,主要用于短语中: after a while “过了一会儿”; all the while “一直,始终”; a short / little while ago “刚才”; once in a while “偶尔,间或”; wait / rest(for) a while “等 / 休息一会儿”。
I haven’t seen her for a long while.我好久没有看见她了。
Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你到哪去了?
He usually goes to work by bike, but once in a while he goes by bus. 他通常骑自行车上班,但偶尔也乘公共汽车。
I looked everywhere for the letter, but it was in my pocket all the while. 我到处找那封信,却不知它一直在我口袋里。
七、while与when以及as之间的区别。
1. 当从句中的谓语动词是持续性的动作时,我们可以用while, when或as。
While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank.我顺着马路往前走时,发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
2. 当从句中的谓语动词表示瞬间动作时,不可用while。
He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。
3. 如果谈论两个长动作,最常用的是while。
While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我想出了一个回家的办法。
不过, as是可以用来说明两种正在发展或变化的情况的,这时as引导一个持续性的动作,主句中的动作与之同时进行。
As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。
4. 如果表示两个短动作或事件同时发生,最常用的是as或just as,也可用when。
Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音。
I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。
作者：杨时务
先看下面一道高考题:
Rather than ________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers ________ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride
C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
熟练掌握与rather搭配的短语用法,是解这道题的突破口。为了增加试题的难度与答案的隐蔽性,题干采用了倒装句这一语法现象。一旦掌握了prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 这一句型结构,便很容易选出C为正确答案。
rather的用法可从以下几点掌握:
一、rather作副词,意为“宁愿;宁可”。作此意解的rather常和would / had连用,构成固定短语。would / had rather…than译为“宁愿……而不愿” ,应该特别注意此短语的否定构成及其后接的动词形式。如:
He would rather have the small one than the large one. 他宁愿要一个小的,而不要大的。
I’d rather take the slowest train than go there by air. 我宁愿坐最慢的火车,也不乘飞机去那里。
I would rather not tell you the secret right now. 我现在不愿把那个秘密告诉你。
would / had rather 后接从句时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。如:
I would / had rather you posted the letter right away, 我倒希望你把这封信立即发出。
I would / had rather that she had stayed at home. 她那时要是留在家里就好了。
二、rather作副词用时,意为“更确切地”。 此用法的rather常用在or rather这一短语中,表示想要纠正已经说过的话,或欲使已说过的话更确切。如:
He worked till late last night, or rather, early in the morning. 他一直工作到深夜,或者更确切地说,到今天凌晨。
The building is like a palace, or rather a temple. 这幢建筑物像一座宫殿,或者更确切地说像一座寺庙。
三、rather作副词用时, 还可作“相当;颇;有点儿”解。如:
You’ve done rather well.你做得相当好。
The way he is living is rather strange to me. 他的生活方式我觉得很怪。
rather, fairly, quite, pretty的区别:
1. 从程度上说, fairly是最轻的一个;quite比fairly 语气稍强;rather 在程度上比quite更重一些;pretty 和rather 差不多,但大多数情况下用于非正式文体。如:
They were getting along fairly well with each other. 他们相处还不错。
He was quite polite, but he wasn’t ready to help me. 他相当有礼貌,但他并不愿意帮助我。
There’s something rather strange about the way he talks to you. 他跟你说话的样子真有点怪。
Twenty-five is pretty old to take up ballet dancing.二十五岁才学跳芭蕾,年纪就太大了。
2. rather 和quite可放在不定冠词前,也可放在不定冠词之后,还可以和动词连用,而fairly 和pretty没有这些用法。如:
That is quite / rather a surprising result. =That is a quite / rather surprising result. 那是一个相当惊人的结果。
I rather / quite like to go for a walk after supper. 我颇喜欢在晚饭后出去散步。
3. 只有rather可以修饰比较级,还可和too连用。如:
This computer is rather more expensive than that one.这部电脑比那部昂贵一些。
This book is rather too difficult for the beginners.这部书对初学者来说太难了。
四、rather than 的用法。
rather 不仅是一个表示程度的副词,还能用来表示选择,意为“而非;(与其……)倒不如”。rather than 经常用在“平行结构”里,即连接两个对等成分。
I’d prefer to go in August rather than July. 我愿八月去,不愿七月去。
I’d call her hair chestnut rather than brown. 我宁愿说她的头发是栗色,而不是棕色。
We ought to invest in new machines rather than buildings. 我们应该在新的机器上而不是在房屋上投资。
I decided to write rather than telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way, he would beg in the streets. 他宁愿在街上乞讨,也不愿以这种不正当的手段挣钱。
I always prefer starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute. 我总是愿意早开始而不愿意把所有事情都留到最后。
作者：李景莉
先看下面一道高考题:
When Jack arrived he learned Mary ________ for almost an hour.
A. had gone B. had set off
C. had left D. had been away
熟练掌握动词与短语动词的意思及其用法是高考英语词汇考查的一个趋势。此题中的for almost an hour 这一信息词组暗示要用持续性谓语动词。英语中瞬间动词可用完成时,但不可和表示一段的时间状语连用。set off, go, leave为瞬间动词,故正确答案该选D。
set在英语中是一个很活跃的词,可以与一些介词和副词构成不同的词组。我们应该掌握set的以下几种用法:
一、set作及物动词,属不规则动词,其过去式及过去分词均为set,意为“放置;竖立”等
I told her to set the dishes on the table. 我叫她把碟子放到桌上。
It was the old man who set the ladder against the wall. 是那位老人把梯子靠在墙上。
动词set, lay, place, put 都可用来表示“放”。set一般指把某物垂直着放;lay一般指把某物横着或摊开着放;place指有意识地把某物放在较为确定的位置上,语气庄重;put是最普通的词,指较随意地放,可代替其它几个词。试比较:
He laid his book open on the desk and went out for play. 他把书摊在课桌上,出去玩耍。
The waiter placed the meal in front of me. 服务员把饭菜摆在我面前。
I put the scissors in the drawer. 我把剪刀放到抽屉里了。
二、set意为“安置;安排”(通常与副词连用)
The taxi driver set the wheel on the axle. 出租车司机把轮子装在轴上。
It was your turn to set rooms for the guests.该轮到你为客人安排房间。
三、set意为“镶嵌;点缀”
The sky was set with tens of thousands of stars. 无数星星点缀着天空。
The tops of the walls were set with broken glass. 墙顶嵌有碎玻璃。
四、set意为“使处于某种状态(位置)”
Don’t worry. I’ve set everything in order.不必担心,我已使一切就绪。
Do you know what has set the dog barking? 你知道什么使那只狗叫起来了?
A good night’s rest will set you right.好好休息一夜将使你精神恢复。
五、作不及物动词,意为“(日、月等)落;凝固;凝结”
It will be cooler when the sun has set.太阳落后,天就会凉爽些。
As is known to us all, this kind of concrete sets quickly. 大家都知道,这种混凝土凝结得很快。
六、和set构成的常用短语
1. set off “动身;使爆炸;使开始”。
They will set off for Paris next week.下星期他们将动身去巴黎。
The country set off a hydrogen bomb successfully in 1957. 1957 年这个国家成功地爆炸了一颗氢弹。
If you can set him off talking on his pet dog, he’ll go on all night. 如果你能让他开始谈论他的宠物狗,他就会整个晚上谈下去。
2. set about“开始;着手”
Once I realized what was wrong, I set about correcting it. 我一认识到错误马上就纠正。
3. set out “出发;开始;陈述”
They will set out at dawn.他们将在拂晓出发。
Having made the plan, she set out to make the experiment. 计划制定好以后,她就着手进行试验。
The professor sets out his ideas clearly in his article. 在这篇文章中教授清楚地表明了自己的想法。
4.set up“创造;建立;创办”
The young man has just set up a new national record in high jump. 那个小伙子刚创造跳高全国记录。
It is difficult for us to set up a school within a month. 我们在一个月内很难建立一所学校。
set构成的其它短语还有set an example to… 为……树立榜样;set a trap for
…为……设陷阱;set sail启航,等等。
此外,set 还可以作名词。a complete set of equipment成套设备。
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★
★
