高考复习（一）人教版高一（上）语言点Unit5-8(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)

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2024-07-05
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下面是小编给各位读者分享的高考复习（一）人教版高一（上）语言点Unit5-8(人教版高三英语上册教案教学设计)，欢迎大家分享。

1 scene n.（戏剧）一场，一景；（电影、广播等）一场；（戏剧）场景，布景(5)

This play is divided into three acts, and each act has three scenes.

这个剧分为三幕，每一幕有三个场景。

景色，风景The scene is a perfect dream when you see the sun rising slowly in the east.

“观看太阳从东方慢慢升起,这种景色确实太美了。”

view scene Sight 辨析都含“所看到的东西”的意思。

Sight Something worth seeing; a spectacle:值得一看的事物；风景：

the sights of London.伦敦的风光

Something unsightly:不雅观的事物： Your hair is a sight.你的头发很难看

view 系常用词, 指“能看到的或在视野之内的实物”, 如:

The view is cut off by the next building.旁边的楼房挡住了视野。

scene 指 “展现在眼前的风景、景色、景象”, 如:

The boats in the harbor make a beautiful scene.港内的船只构成了美丽的景色。

2 speed n.速度；速率(5)at a speed of eighty miles an hour以每小时80英里的速度

The speed of the car was frightening.这辆小汽车的速度真吓人。

vi. (sped[sped],speeded)迅速前进, 快行(along, down, up, across) [美]超速行驶

加速(up)

speed through wind and waves斩风劈浪向前进

The ambulance sped to the hospital.救护车快速开往医院。

He was arrested for speeding.他因超速行车

常用短语：at full[top] speed用全速, 开足马力尽力地; 尽快地

with all speed用全速, 开足马力 speed up加快速度

3 live with忍受(5)

“I don't enjoy the pain, but I can live with it.”“我虽然不以疼痛为乐,但还可以忍受。”

live up to真正做到，生活得无愧于

We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。

Did the TV play live up to your expectations?这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?

live for为…而活着

live（与on连用）靠…生活

The minority in the primitive forest used to live on a diet of wild animals.

原始森林里的少数民族过去用野兽作为主食。

adj.活的，有生命的有电的炽热的；燃烧的：现场直播的现场直播的；

live coals.炽热的煤炭 a live animal活的动物

The cat was playing with a live mouse.那猫在玩一只活老鼠。

a live television program.现场直播的电视节目

adv.实况转播地在现场地

The landing on the moon was telecast live.现场转播了登月行动

4 owe vt., vi.owed, owing(5)

（常与for连用）欠，欠债

I owe you an apology.我该向你道歉。

I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。

对…负有义务；感恩；感激

We owe our parents a lot.我们十分感激父母。

（常与to连用）归功于；由于

She owes her success to good luck.她把成功归功于幸运。

The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.

年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。

vi.欠, 有支付[偿还]的义务(for)

He still owes for what he bought last summer.他去年夏天买东西欠的钱还未还呢 !

5 role n.角色任务; 作用(5)

the leading role主角

He played the role of the old king in our school play.

他在我们学校演的剧中扮演老国王的角色。

常用短语：play an important role in在...中起重要作用

play the leading role起主要作用, 起带头作用

play the role of(sb.)(在剧中)扮演(某人)角色

6 take after相似She takes after her mother.她长得像她妈妈。(5)

take back撤销；同意收回；同意回来

take over接任；接管；接收

take to喜欢；沉溺于；养成…习惯

to take to drinking沉溺于饮酒

take up开始从事；专注于；继续；接下去

He took up art while at school.他在学校时开始对艺术感到兴趣。

to take up one's story接着讲故事

take for当作；误认为 Do you take me for a fool?你以为我是个傻瓜吗?

We must not take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan.我们决不可想当然地认为董事会一定会批准这个投资计划的。

take in收留，收容（某人）改短（衣服）；缩减尺寸；了解；领悟；欺骗；蒙骗

You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.

你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。

to take in a doctrine了解一种主义

take off脱掉（衣服）；（飞机）起飞打折；作为折扣而减价：休假暂时不做（自己工作中的）应做的工作：I'm taking off three days during May.五月份我将会休假三天

took 20 percent off.优惠百分之二十

The plane took off at three o'clock.飞机三点钟起飞了。

take on雇用；聘用；开始显现；变得有；承担（工作、责任等）

took on extra responsibilities.担负了额外的责任

took on more workers during the harvest.在收获期间雇了更多的工人

take up 用尽，耗掉或占用：喜欢对…产生了兴趣或钟爱；开始从事（一项职业或行当）：

The extra duties took up most of my time.额外工作耗费了我绝大部分时间：

take up mountain climbing.喜欢上登山运动

took up engineering.干起了工程设计这一行

6 turn (时刻)超过, 逾He has turned fifty.他已经五十岁了。

It has just turned half past two.现在刚过两点半。

7 apologize to sb.向某人道歉(6)

apologize to sb. for doing sth.向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉

apologize for oneself为自已解辩或辩护

例 I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.我因踩了她的脚而向她道歉。

I apologized to the chairman for being late.我因迟到向会议主席道歉。

Apology Offer make an apology to sb. for sth.为某事向某人道歉

8 fault n.过失，过错(6)

Who broke the cup? It's my fault, I dropped it.谁把杯子摔了？这是我的过错，我摔的。

That's no fault of his.这不是他的过错。

“The fault lies with me, not with you.”“这是我的责任,不是你的责任。”

缺点；瑕疵“There seems to be some fault in the computer, and we're just looking into it.”“这台电脑好象有点毛病,我们正在检查原因。”

Your only fault is carelessness.你惟一的缺点是粗心大意。

习惯用语：at fault Deserving of blame; guilty:该受责备的；有罪的；感到困惑; 不知所措

admitted to being at fault.承认有罪

find fault To seek, find, and complain about faults;挑错，找错寻找、发现和抱怨错处；批评：

found fault with his speech.挑他演讲的错

error mistake辨析

都含“错误”的意思。

error 强调“违反某一既定标准, 不经心而做了错事, 产生偏差、疏忽或行动上的错误”, 如:

an error in judgement 判断上的错误。

mistake 指“由于粗心、不注意或在理解、认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误, 有时这种错误是无意的”, 如:I used your pen by mistake.我错拿了你的钢笔。

9 manner n.做事的方法；事情发生的方式;态度；举止(6)

Why are you talking in such a strange manner?你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？

a very rude manner很粗鲁的态度

(pl) 礼貌；礼节It's bad manners to talk with a full mouth.嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。

You should have good manners all the time.任何时候都应该有礼貌。

10 leave alone不打扰防止打搅或干扰(6)

leave off停止；结束;停止做或使用

leave out省去, 遗漏, 不考虑

11 include vt.包括, 包含(7)

Price $14.90, postage included.价格14.90美元，邮资包括在内。

He had included a large number of funny stories in the speech.

他在讲话中加进了许多引人发笑的故事。

include强调“包括作为整体的一部分”, 即“同类包含”

如:The list included his name.这个名单上包括他的名字。

contain着重“其中确实包含有”，即“不同类包含”

如：The bottle contains water. 这个瓶子里有水。

Pig iron may contain 4％of carbon.生铁可含百分之四的碳。

12 limit n.界限, 限度, 限vt.限制, 限定(7)

The speed limit is the fastest speed you are allowed to drive a car at.

限速是允许驾车的最快速度。

vt.（与to连用）限制；限定

My mother limits the amount of food that I eat.我母亲限制我的饭量。

The Constitution limits the President's term of office to four years. 宪法规定总统的任期四年。

limit the expense to 1,000 dollars把开支限制到1,000美元

习惯用语：within limits适度地, 有限地 without limit无限制地, 无限地

set a limit to限制, 控制 go beyond [over] the limit超过限度

13 restore vt.(使)恢复, (使)复元, 使恢复意识; 使复职, (使)复辟, 使放回原位(7)

归还, 交还修复[补]; 重建; 补正, 校补

restore sb. to consciousness使某人恢复知觉

restore sb. to life使某人苏醒过来

restore sb. to his old post使某人复职

restore the book to the shelf把书放回书架

renew restore refresh都含“恢复”、“更新”的意思。

renew 系常用词, 指“使已旧或已失去力气、活力等物变新或复原”, 如:

renew a stock of goods更新库存货物。

restore 指“把用旧、用坏的东西恢复原样”, 如:restore an old castle恢复旧城堡。

refresh 指“使恢复力量、精力”, 如:refresh oneself with a cold shower

14 ruin n衰败；毁灭；瓦解；废墟；破产(7)

We saw the ruins of the church.我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。

the ruin of his hopes他的希望的破灭

The building is in ruins.那建筑物已成断壁残垣。

Gambling was his ruin[the ruin of him].赌博是他堕落的原因。

in ruins成立废墟，遭到严重破坏

ruin vt. 毁坏；毁灭

She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it.她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。

使破产I was ruined by that law case.我被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。

习惯用语：be the ruin of成为...毁灭[堕落]的原因

bring sb. to ruin使某人失败; 使倾家荡产 go come to ruin毁灭, 灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉

in ruins成为废墟 ruin oneself毁掉自己

damage destroy ruin都含“破坏”、“毁坏”的意思。

damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”, 如:

The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。

destroy 指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”, 如:

That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。

ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了”, 如:

He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。

15 weight n. 重量 What is your weight?你体重多少？(8)

by weight按重量计算 gain [lose] weight增加[减少]体重

put on weight体重增加, 发胖

16 point n.点, 尖端, 分数, 要点, ；含义vt.弄尖, 指向, 指出, 瞄准, 加标点于（8）

I don't see the point of waiting for her, she is probably not coming.

我不知道等她有什么意义，她可能不来了。

What is the point of discussing this issue further?这件事再讨论下去有什么意义呢?

in point of=With reference to; in the matter of:就…而言；关于…：

In point of fact, I never lived at the address stated on the form.

事实上，我从未在表中所填的那个地址居住过

to the point切题的，切中的有关正在讨论的事件的，或与正在讨论的事件有关的：

remarks that were to the point; rambled and would not speak to the point.

和本题相关的话；随便地乱讲却不讲与本题相关的

on the point of resignation;.正要辞职之时；

用处；用途There's no point in wasting time.耗时间没用。

17 score n.得分,二十, vt.把...记下, 刻划, 获得, 评价vi.记分, 得分(68)

The score in the football game was 4 - 1.足球比赛的比分是四比一。

Will you score for us when we play?我们打球时你给我们记分好吗？

three score of people六十人

scores years ago许多年前

18 no more than adv.只是

not more than n. 至多

than [用于rather, sooner, 之后]与其...(宁愿...)

I'd rather you came tomorrow than today.我宁愿你于明天来而不是今天来。

I would rather die than disgrace myself.我宁死不受辱。

[用于 other, else, anywhere 等之后]除...以外

They were given nothing other than dry bread and water for their evening meal.

他们晚餐仅仅分到干面包和水。

He did nothing else than laugh.他除了笑以外没做别的事。(他只是笑。)

[用于scarcely, hardly之后表示时间](刚刚...)就

Hardly had I finished telling the news than she began to cry.我还没有把消息讲完她就哭了起来。

19 give away背弃;泄露(秘密), 暴露;赠送, 分送;(7)

give in屈服, 投降, 退让(to);交[呈]上

give off(散)发出(蒸气), 发散(光线)

give out用完, 用尽;散[分]发;公布, 发表;精疲力竭

give over交给[付], 移交

give up放弃, 停[中]止;投降, 认输, 泄气

20 stand by在场；靠近;袖手旁观;忠于；信守(8)

to stand by one's promise遵守诺言

stand for代表，表示；意指；象征;容忍；允许;参加...的竞选

We will not stand for impertinent behavior.我们不会容忍不礼貌的行为

stand out明显；醒目;突出；杰出;坚持；支撑

to stand out a crisis挨过危机

stand up耐久；耐用;成立

Will the charge stand up in court?这个指控在法庭上能成立吗？

stand up for维护；拥护；支持

stand off远离;[美]疏开, 避开; 延期

1 argue vt., vi. argued, arguing

辩论argue a case辩论一个案子

They argued their actions had nothing to do with the riot, but I think that's debatable.

他们辩解道,他们的行为与这次骚乱没有关系,但我认为这话未必正确。

列举理由证明;认为

Others argue that more bus routes should be opened up because buses can accommodate more passengers.另外一些人认为应该开辟更多的公交路线,因为公共汽车载客多。

坚持，主张列举证明极力列举理由以证明；坚持或主张：

The speaker argued that more immigrants should be admitted to the country.

讲演者举出理由证明应该允许更多的移民入境

争论；争吵

He argued with Mary about the best place for a holiday.他和玛丽争论度假的最好地方。

说服，劝告说服或影响（他人），如通过提出理由：

argued the clerk into lowering the price.极力说服售货员降低价格

常用短语：argue about on over辩论[争论]某事

argue against反驳 argue sb. down驳倒某人

argue for赞成; 为...而力争 argue sb. into说服某人(做某事或接受某种意见)

argue sb. out of说服某人不做某事, 打消某种念头

2 fond adj.（与of连用）特别喜爱的

“Because she's fond of books and anxious for knowledge, she frequents the library.”

“因为她喜欢读书,渴求知识,所以经常去图书馆。”

“Jack's too fond of fun, so the boss doesn't like him much.”

杰克太喜欢闹着玩了所以老板不太喜欢他。

3 by way of=Through; via:通过；经由：

flew to the Far East by way of the polar route.经由极地航线飞往远东

As a means of:以…的形式：

made no comment by way of apology.以道歉形式末做任何评论

in a way在某种程度上；有保留地：

I like the new styles, in a way.某种程度上我喜欢这些新款式

从某一点上看：In a way, you're right.从某一点上看你是对的

in the way挡道地处在阻碍、阻挡或干涉的位置上

stand in sb. 's way 妨碍某人, 阻挠某人

on the way:在路上在旅程的路途中：

met him on the way to town; ran into them on the way.

去镇子的路上遇到他；在路上跑入他们当中

out of the way=remarkable.不寻常特征的；奇特的

不正确的；错误的：said nothing out of the way.不说任何不妥之辞

by the way顺便说, 附带说说

force one's way挤(出去), 冲(出去)

give way (to)让步; 退让;让位于

make way for为...让路

make one's (own) way前进, 繁荣, 兴隆; 发迹, 飞黄腾达

pave the way for为...铺平道路, 为...做好准备

no way[美口]无论如何不, 决不

under way在进行中, 发生; 在航行中

4 catch fire着火 cease fire停火 make a fire生火

take fire着火燃烧; 激动起来; 对...发生兴趣 play with fire玩火；冒险

under fire在炮火下; 受到攻击[批评, 责怪] fire at对... 开枪, 向... 射击

set fire to放火烧, 使燃烧; 使兴奋, 使激动 set on fire放火烧, 使燃烧; 使兴奋, 使激动

vt., vi射击解雇You're fired.你被解雇了。

5 care vi. cared, caring喜欢；想

I don't much care about going to the party.我不太想去参加晚会。

My wife doesn't really care for tea; she likes coffee better.

我妻子其实不喜欢喝茶,她喜欢喝咖啡。

Would you care to visit us this weekend?你愿意本周末来我们这儿玩玩吗?

I don't care for him to read this letter.我不愿让他看这封信。

She cares for him very much.她非常喜欢他。

关心；顾虑You say you care about the poor, but you don't help them, you hypocrite!

你说你关心穷人,可你并不帮助他们,你这伪善者。

Can you imagine that the president of a large firm doesn't care much about dress?

你能不能想像一家大公司的总裁居然不太注意衣着?

She didn't care where her son went.她不关心儿子到什么地方去。

I don't care how far I'll have to go.无论走多远,我都不在乎。

We didn't really care whether won or lost the game.对这场比赛我们实际上并不在乎输赢。

照顾His son cared for him when he was ill.当他生病时，他的儿子照顾他。

care for喜欢

I don't care for tea.我不喜欢喝茶。

照顾；照料；抚养

He's good at caring for sick animals.他精心照料生病的牲畜。

Uncle Dick is very good at caring for sick animals.狄克大叔照管生病的动物,很在行。

6 regard n.关心, 致意, 问候, 关系

vt. 看待, 当作, 重视, 尊敬, 关系

I have always regarded him highly.我总把他看得很高。

You can't regard him as a friend but a business associate.

“你不能把他看作朋友,只是个生意合伙人。”

'Titanic' is regarded as his best film so far.

'泰坦尼克号'被认为是到目前为止他拍得最好的影片。

(pl) 致意；问侯

Give my regards to your parents.代我向你父母问好。

常用短语：with regard to [of](=in regard to)关于, 对于

without regard to [for]不顾, 不考虑

regard ...as...把...视为; 认为...是

give my best regards (to sb.)请代问候(某人), 请代向某人致意

7 lie vi. lay, lain, lying

躺，卧He was lying in the shade of the tree.他正躺在树荫下。

处于（某一位置）The factory lies to the west of town.工厂在小镇的西边。

lie vi.lied, lying

说谎I'm sorry I lied to you.我很抱歉向你撒了谎。

lie with=To be decided by, dependent on, or up to:由…决定，取决于，视…而定：

The choice lies with you.你来做出选择

8 share vt., vi.shared, sharing

（常与in连用）共用；分摊；共有

They share their joys and sorrows.他们同甘共苦

share responsibility共同负责 share a room with sb.与某人同居一室

（与in连用）参与

（常与out连用）分配

9 majority n.-ties（常与of连用）多数；半数以上

The majority of children in our class have brown eyes; only three have blue eyes.

我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三个是蓝眼睛。

The minority is subordinate to the majority.少数服从多数。

He was elected by a large majority [by a majority of 3240].

他以大多数票[超过对方3240票]当选。

常用短语：carry [gain] the majority赢得多数票

in the majority占多数, 拥有多数

10 stand by在场；靠近；袖手旁观

忠于；信守to stand by one's promise遵守诺言

stand for代表，表示；意指；象征；

stand in当替身；代替

stand out明显；醒目；突出；杰出；

坚持；支撑to stand out a crisis挨过危机

stand up耐久；耐用；成立

Will the charge stand up in court?这个指控在法庭上能成立吗？

stand up for维护；拥护；支持

We will not stand for impertinent behavior.我们不会容忍不礼貌的行为

11 exchange seats with sb.与某人调换一个座位

exchange experience交流经验 exchange greetings互相问候

exchange foreign money for Renminbi把外币兑成人民币

in exchange for以...换 make an exchange交换

exchange sth. with sb.与某人交换[调换]某种东西 exchange words争吵, 吵架

12 equal adj.（常与to连用）相同的

One li is equal to half a kilometre.一华里等于半公里。

It is equal to me whether he comes or not.他来不来对我都一样。

胜任的；经得起的

John is quite equal to the job of running the office.约翰很能胜任主理这个办事处的工作。

He is equal to this task.; He is equal to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。

All countries, big and small, should be equal.国家不论大小, 一律平等。

He was equal to the occasion.他能应付这个局势。

She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.她的身体不适, 不能接见客人。

13 knowledge n.知道；了解

a knowledge of French懂法语

熟悉She has a good knowledge of London.她对伦敦的情形很熟悉。

知识We go to school to get knowledge about many different things.

我们上学是为了得到关于各种事物的知识

14 come across偶遇；碰到 (= come upon)

We've just come across an old friend we haven't seen for ages.

我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。

发生效果；受欢迎

Your speech came across very well.你的演说极受欢迎。

come along进展；进步；进行

How's your work coming along?你的工作进展如何？

追随；跟着来(= come on)

These visitors came along with some business men.这些旅客是和一些商人一起来的。

come in流行；时髦；上市

When did the short skirt first come in?短裙是什么时候开始流行的?

进入（比赛）（在比赛中）获得名次come in third

come out（照片上）显露；结果是

My sister came out well in that photograph.那张照片中我妹妹照得很好。

The stars came out as soon as darkness fell.天一黑,星星就出来了。

公开；问世；出版；被刊行

The news came out that king and queen suddenly fell ill.国王和王后突然生病的消息传开了。

The Asian countries along the coast of the Pacific all came out against the US new military base in Japan.太平洋沿岸的亚洲各国都宣布反对美国在日本的新军事基地。

When does John's book come out?约翰的书什么时候出版？

come to涉及；谈及

When it comes to politics I know nothing.谈到政治，我一无所知。

获致；到达；结束They came to the conclusion that they had made an unforgivable mistake.

他们得到的结论是他们犯了一个不可饶恕的错误。

The water came to my waist.水已达我的腰部。

The performance of the opera has come to its climax.歌剧的表演已经到达最高潮了。

总共；共计The bill came to $5.50.账款共计5美元50美分。

突然想起Suddenly the words of the song came to me.我猛然想起了这首歌的歌词。

come up with想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生

He couldn't come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.那时他想不出一个合适的答案。

15 difficulty n.-ties困难；艰难

This question is full of difficulties.这个问题困难很多。

Do you have any difficulty with English?你英语上有困难吗？

“At first, the government had great difficulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia.”“开始时,政府很难说服人们离开里约热内卢去巴西利亚落户。”

常用短语：be in difficulty有困难have difficulty in对...有困难

make no difficulty[-ties]无异议, 不反对, 不阻挠

with difficulty困难地; 吃力地 without difficulty容易地, 毫不费力地

16 consider vt., vi.

考虑；思考I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。

The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy.

法庭根本不会考虑他所提出的对老人遗产的要求。

认为；以为

I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame.我们认为这不是司机的过错

considers waste to be criminal.认为浪费是有罪的

17 separate adj.区别的；不同的；单独的；孤立的；各自的

They have gone to separate places.他们去了各不相同的地方。

The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们分别睡在各自的床上。

vt., vi.-rated, -rating分开；离开；脱离；隔开，阻隔

The two children separated at the end of the road.两个孩子在路的尽头分手了。

A fence separated the cows from the pigs.围栏把奶牛和猪分开。

separate the good ones from the bad ones把好的和坏的分开

常用短语：be separated from和...分离开, 和...分散

separate divide都含“分开”的意思。

separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”, 如:

S-those two boys who are fighting, will you?(你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开, 好吗?

divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”, 如:

divide the candies among the children给孩子们把糖块分开。

18 on board在船上，在公共交通工具内

We went on board the ship.我们登上了轮船。

Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened.

飞机上的人都很着急,而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。

vt., vi.上船；坐船；搭乘（公共交通工具）

He boarded the bus.他上了公共汽车。

包饭；供膳，供膳宿

She arranged to board some students from the university.她供一些大学生膳宿。

常用短语：above board诚实地, 公开地, 光明正大地

go on board上船; 上飞机, 上火车

go on the boards当演员 go by the board从甲板上落水

19 experience un.经验

gain experience in ...获得...经验

learn by [from, through] experience从经验中学到[懂得]

man of experience有阅历[见识]的

Cn 经历，阅历Please tell us your experiences in America.请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。

vt. 经历; 感受 experience difficulties [setbacks]遭到困难[挫折]

be thoroughly [poorly] experienced in在...方面十分有[缺乏]经验

20 destroy vt.毁坏, 破坏;打破(希望, 计划), 使失败

The houses were destroyed by a fire [a flood, an earthquake].房屋被火灾[水灾, 地震]所毁。

The heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic.大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。

damage destroy ruin都含“破坏”、“毁坏”的意思。

damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”, 如:

The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子。

destroy 指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”, 如:

That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。

ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了”, 如:

He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。

21 live in fear.生活在忧虑之中 He was shaking with fear.他害怕得直发抖。

担心；顾虑There is no fear of his getting any injury.他不会受伤的。

vt., vi.惧怕，害怕;担忧 Never fear!不用怕!;别担心!

I fear that you'll be late if you don't go now.如果你现在不走的话，我担心你会迟到。

22 get in touch with和...取得联系

in within touch of在...能达到的地方, 在...的附近; 可以接近的, 可以做到的

in touch with同...有联系 lose touch with和...失去联系, 对...变得生疏

out of touch with同...失去联系, 与...没有通信;对...不了解

23 opportunity n.-ties机会；时机

I have been offered a job. It's a great opportunity.我找到了一份工作，这是一个很好的机会。

I'll have another opportunity to visit the exhibition next year.

明年我们还有一次机会参观这个展览会。

have little opportunity to do sth.有[没有, 很少有, 有不多的]做某事的机会

take the opportunity for doing sth.乘机做某事

24 strike vi., vt. struck, striking

打；击He struck me with a stick.他用棍子打我。

使突然成为；使出其不意地成为I was struck all of a heap.我大吃一惊。

打火；划火柴

突然想到；猛然悟到An idea suddenly struck me.我心中忽然产生一个念头。

罢工The workers were striking because they wanted more money.

工人们在罢工，因为他们要求增加工资。

on strike处于工作停顿状态的：

25 work out算出（总数）to work out a sum算出总数

带来好结果；有预期的结果Things will work themselves out.事情会有好结果的。

运动；锻炼to work out daily with sparring partner每天和拳击陪练员练习

work out a plan.制定计划 out of work没有工作的；未被雇用的

work on继续工作, 设法说服, 影响;从事于, 致力于 work at从事, 致力于, 钻研

Unit 5

1 consideration

n. 重要性

n.考虑[U][(+for/to)]

That matter is under consideration.那件事正在考虑之中。

Before writing your answers please give careful consideration to the questions.

请在回答之前仔细考虑一下问题。

需要考虑的事;动机,原因[C]

Price and quality are the two chief considerations.价格和质量是两个主要考虑的问题。

体贴;关心[U][(+for)]

He showed no consideration for his wife.他不体贴他的妻子。

习惯用语

be under consideration在考虑中

give one's careful consideration加以慎重考虑

in consideration of考虑到，由于;以作...的谢礼，酬劳

leave out of consideration没有考虑，忽略

on no consideration决不

out of consideration for出于对...的考虑；体谅

take into consideration把...考虑进去

the first consideration第一要件，头等要事

under no consideration不假思索，轻率

2 charge vt.索价;对...索费;课(税)[(+for)]

This store often charges only 65 US cents a dozen for large eggs.

一打大鸡蛋在这家店里常常仅卖六十五美分。

把...记入帐册,赊购[(+to)]

Don't forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account.

别忘了把鞋钱记在我帐上。

控告,指控[(+with)]

He was charged with stealing.他被控犯有偷窃行为。

指责;谴责 [+that]

The statement charged that their actions violated the agreement.

声明指责他们的行为违背了协定。

将(电池)充电

The battery needs to be charged.这电池需要充电了。

vi.索价;收费[(+for)]

The store doesn't charge for delivery.该店免费送货。

n.费用,价钱,索价[C][(+for)]

The charge for admission is US$5.入场费五美元。

掌管;照顾;责任[U]

控告,指控[C][(+against/of)]

He was arrested on the charge of robbery.他因被控犯有抢劫罪而被捕。

at one's own charge(s)自费, 用自己的钱

have (the) charge of负责..., 主管...

in charge of 负全责, 经管, 照顾;在...掌管之下, 由...经管

in the charge of sb.由某人负责, 由某人照料[管理]

on the charge of因...罪, 因...嫌疑

3 blame：可以用作动词和名词，主要义项有：归咎于；责怪；责任等。作动词没有用语言责骂的意思。构成短语：blame sb. for…“因某事责备某人”；blame sth. on sb.; put/ lay the blame on sb.“把某事归咎于某人”；be to blame (for…)注意该短语中的不定式to blame为主动形式，但表示被动意思。

Eg. He blamed me for my carelessness.

Comrade Li is not to blame for the accident.

注意：比较scold表示唠唠叨叨地“数说”，而不是用肮脏语言骂人。一般多用于母亲对孩子、妻子对丈夫等情况。

Eg. The mother scolded the boy for not cleaning up his room.

4 loss n.丧失;遗失[U]

He suffered a temporary loss of memory.他暂时丧失了记忆。

损失;亏损(额)[C][U]

It is a great loss to her.这是她的巨大损失。

His death means a great loss to science.他的死是科学的重大损失。

输,失败[U][C]

The loss of the first game did not discourage them.

第一场比赛的失败并没有令他们沮丧。

短语：

at a loss ①低于成本的：sell the merchandise at a loss.赔本卖出货物

②迷惑的；不解的：I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不理解那些话

make a loss亏损

stand the loss赔偿损失, 承受损失

suffer losses遭受损失

5 annoy：用作动词，主要表示“打扰；使烦恼”的意思。构成短语：annoy…with sth./by doing sth.; be annoyed with/at…。

Eg. These flies are annoying me.

Don’t annoy your neighbor by singing loudly at night.

She was annoyed with him because he was late.

注意：同义词：trouble。比较：interrupt“打断某人的话”，

6 associate vt.联合, 结交; 加入

由...联想到..., 把...联系起来

associate one thing with another把某一事与另一事联系起来

We associate China with the Greet Wall.我们想起中国, 就联想到长城。

习惯用语

associate oneself with加入; 参与; 与...发生联系

associate with和...来往, 和...共事, 同...联合; (在思想上)同...联系在一起

7 appeal vi.呼吁,恳求[(+to/for)][+to-v]

He appealed to me for help.他向我求援。

He appealed to his friends for support.他请求朋友支持。

诉诸,求助[(+to)]

We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.我们将求助于多种资料来源。

有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]

The idea appealed to Mary.这主意正合玛丽的心意。

【律】上诉[(+to/against)]

He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.

他对被判五年徒刑提出上诉。

习惯用语

appeal to向...呼吁[请求];投合...的心意; 引起...的兴趣;诉诸(武力)

appeal to sb. for为...向某人呼吁[请求]

8 profit：可以用作名词和动词。主要义项有：收益；利润；赢利；益处；从……吸取教训；得益于某事物。用作名词构成词组：earn/make a profit“赢利”；gain profit“获益”。用作动词时的结构为profit by/from doing sth.

Eg. They’re only interested in a quick profit.

They make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell.

He profited greatly from his year abroad.

I have profited from your advice.

We gained a lot of profit from your advice.我们从你的建议中获益匪浅。

注意：用作名词，表示“利润；赢利”时，既可是可数名词也可是不可数名词；表示“益处”时，为不可数名词。

9 attach vt.装上,贴上,系上[(+to)]

He'll attach the label to your luggage.他会把标签系在你的行李上。

使依附;使附属[(+to)]

This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.这个医院附属附近的那所医学院。

(与oneself连用)使参加;使附着[(+to)]

He attached himself to the expedition.他参加了那个探险队。

把...归于[(+to)]

How can you attach the blame for this accident to the taxi-driver?

你怎么能把这次事故的责任归于出租车司机呢?

注意：在表示“系、拴”的意思时，还可以用fasten和tie。表示“系在……的上面”，可用短语attach/fasten/tie… to…。

attached adj.依恋；爱慕be attached to…;

10 deliver：用作动词，主要义项有：递送；传送；引渡；自首；发表演讲等。常用结构为deliver…to…。

Eg. The mailman delivers the mail twice a day in this area.

He delivered himself to the police.

He delivered a long speech.

11 make sense, make sense of

make sense讲得通，有道理，有意义，是明智的，是合理的

make sense of搞清...的意思

12 figure, shape

figure n.数字；人像；肖像；图表；人影 v.出现；（out）计算出；理解；推想

shape n.形状；（模糊的）人影=figure v.做成某物的形状

figure as扮演...角色

figure down算出; 弄清, 了解

figure in算进; 参加; 包括进; 参与; 与...有牵连; 在...出现; 在...担任一定角色

figure out算出, 估计, 推测; 解决; 了解, 领会到; 断定

figure out at总共..., 合计...

figure up把...总加起来

13 get across 使通过；讲清楚, 使人了解；触犯; 与...搞坏关系

Get down to开始认真考虑; 着手办理(某事)

get over越[爬]过；克服; 忍受；复原, 痊愈；

get through 完成；及格；通过；用尽[完]；打通(电话)

get through to(通过电话、无线电等) 与......联系; 与......通话；使......了解

get through with完成, 干完

Unit 6

1 quit vt.离开;退出He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。

放弃[+v-ing] He has quit smoking.他已戒了烟。

解除,免除[(+of)]She finally quit herself of fear.她终于消除了恐惧。

【美】停止[+v-ing]Quit muttering!别嘀咕!

【口】辞职I'm going to quit next week.我将在下周辞职。

a.摆脱了...的,了结的[(+of)]

I gave him money to be quit of him.我给了他钱为的是要摆脱他。

习惯用语

be quit of摆脱, 脱离, 免除

quit it[美俚]死

2 burden n.[C]重负,重担;负担,沉重的责任

The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.老人因背着重负而弯腰。

vt.加重压于,加负担于,烦扰[(+with)]

The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes.政府使国民负担重税。

加负荷于,使载重[(+with)]

He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines.他吃力地捧着一大捆杂志。

3 desperate a.情急拼命的,铤而走险的

A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.

一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。

His failure made him desperate.他因失败而铤而走险。

危急的;绝望的

He was desperate when he lost all his money.当他丢了所有的钱时,他绝望了。

极度渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v]

He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.

他渴望有个工作,挣钱供养子女众多的家。

4 accustom vt.(常后接oneself或用被动式)使习惯(于)[(+to)]

These people are accustomed to hard work.这些人惯于艰苦的工作。

Adapt to adjust to

5 leave behind：留下, 遗留, 超过

Eg. Wait - don’t leave me behind.

It won’t rain; you can leave your umbrella behind.

相关归纳：（1）leave …alone丢下……不管；不理会

Eg. Leave me alone.

（2）leave off使停止；戒除；省去

Eg. When will the snow leave off?

He left my name off the list.

（3）leave out遗漏；漏掉；删除；忽视

Eg. This word is wrongly spelt; you’ve left out a letter.

Don’t leave me out!

（4）leave over推迟

Eg. These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting.

注意：fall behind“落后”。

6 keep up：不低落, 维持, 继续

Eg. Keep up your courage.

Will the fine weather keep up?

How much does it cost you to keep up your large house and garden?

相关归纳：（1）keep out (of…)不让……进入

Eg. They have shut the door and mean to keep us out.

（2）keep off离开；避开

Eg. Keep off the grass!

I hope you’ll keep out of trouble while I’m away.

（3）keep back阻止；扣留

Eg. She was unable to keep back her tears.

A certain percentage of your salary is kept back by your employer as an insurance payment.

注意：keep up with赶上，不落后。

7 lose one’s way：迷路

相关归纳：(1)find one’s way找到路，设法到达

（2）feel one’s way摸索前进

（3）fight one’s way奋勇前进

（4）make one’s way向前进；成功

（5）force one’s way强行

注意：lose one’s way也可以用get lost表示同样的意思。

8 go about走来走去, 四处走动;着手或忙于(工作)

to go about cultivating the wasteland开始垦荒

go after追求, 设法得到; 追捕

go against 反对, 违背, 不利于

go ahead 先走, 走在前面; 继续前进;进步[展]; 成功;

干吧, 说吧, 开始干

go for 去拿[喊, 找, 请], 尽力得到;拥护, 支持, 赞助

to go for a job求职

She doesn't go for men of this type.她不喜欢他这种类型的男人

go in for 从事于;爱好, 追求, 沉迷于;参加, 加入

Young people should never simply go in for material comforts.年青人永远也不应一味地追求物质享受。

go over 越[渡]过; 走完; 转向(to); 改变立场; 车(翻倒)

复习; (仔细)检查; 审阅; 研究

go through 通过(考试等); 经过;审阅; 检查;经历(困难、痛苦等), 忍受

go without没有...也忍受过去

go off爆炸；（爆竹、铃等）响中断；熄灭

unit 7

词组

1.care for 关心

2. want all day off 想放一整天假

3. leave…alone 不管，不理会

4 Bring in profits 对某人有益, bring in profits

5. open one's heart freely自由地敞开心扉

6 be in want of 缺乏

7 close up 停歇，关门

8 be concerned with 与…有关

9 display one's sympathy for sb 表现对…的同情

10. have no eye for 对…不感兴趣

11. comment on sth 评论某事

12 read as follows内容如下

13. have an eye for 有眼力，把眼睛盯着，关注；能判断；能欣24. 赏

14. date back to 追溯到，追忆到

15. get sth wrong 把某事搞错了

16. of late近来，最近

17 on the contrary 相反

18 toast to…为…干杯

19. weigh… by gain 根据利益权衡

20 be well off富裕

21. with confidence自信地

22. do harm to sb 对某人有害

23. be sentenced to 8 years in prison被判8年徒刑

24. be guilty of doing sth有…之罪

25. hand over交出

26. take no notice of不注意

27. attend to照顾，护理

28 at the hands of在…手下

29. do justice 公平对待

30. want revenge for想为…报仇

31. for fear of由于害怕，生怕，以免

32. upon arrival在到达时

33. be on sb's side支持某人

34answer for为…而受责

35. do wrong to sb对某人不公平,冤枉某人

部分知识点讲解

1 conscience n.良心；是非感

have a good/clear conscience问心无愧

have a bad [guilty, an evil] conscience有愧于良心，内疚

according to one’s conscience = in all conscience凭良心

tell one's conscience说心里话

2. admit (admitted) vt.承认;准许…进入; 容纳=seat/hold/contain vi.容许;承认

admit sb./sth into /to …允许某人进入…获准入学

admit sb./sth. to be adj. 承认。。。是。。

admit sth/ doing 承认…

admit (to sb.) that –clause 向某人承认。

短语admit sb. as的意思为“接纳某人为……”

3. abundant adj.大量的,充足的; 丰富的,富裕的 be abundant in = be rich in= be well supplied with

①There is abundant rainfall in our hometown./ ②Fish are abundant in the lake.

③Iraq is abundant in oil.

4.occupy vt.占(空间/时间), 占用; 使忙碌,使全神贯注;占领,侵占=take/seize;担任(职务)=hold

occupy oneself with / (in) doing sth. be occupied with/ (in) doing sth.

①The table occupies a lot of space.(takes up)

②Is this seat occupied?(taken)

③His lecture occupied two hours.（took）

④The newcomers are occupied in writing letters home.(are busy writing/ are engaged in writing)

⑤the enemy-occupied areas

⑥He occupies an important position in the government.(holds)

occupied adj.在使用中；已占有；不空闲

5.close up (暂时)关闭 down (永久性的或长期的)关闭

6. be badly off穷的，境况不好的；缺少的

cf: be well off= be rich

7 anyhow= anyway：adv. “无论如何；无论怎样”，可以位于句首，也可位于句尾。

Eg. It’s too late now, anyway/anyhow.

Anyway, you can try, even if there’s not much chance of success.

8 care for：关怀, 照顾, 愿意,

相关归纳：care about忧虑；关切；关心；惦念

注意：在表示“喜欢、关心、照顾”时，两个短语意思和用法基本相同。在表示“介意、在乎”时，只用care about，特别在后跟v.-ing时，不用care for。但在表示比较客气、委婉的“要不要……”意思时，用care for。

9 standard, level

standard n. 标准；水准；规格；规范；业务水平

adj. 标准的；符合标准的；公认为权威的

below standard不合格的, 标准以下的

come up to the standard达到标准

double standard双重标准, 不同标准

fall short of the standard不够标准

up to the standard合格, 达到标准

standard of living生活水准

level n.水平线；水平面；级别；水平

adj. 水平的；平坦的；同等标准的

10 in want of：需要；缺少

Eg. The house is in want of repair.

相关归纳：for/from want of由于缺少

In honour of 为向...表示敬意为庆祝

In memory of纪念

In favor of赞成(支持

In face of面临(不顾,公开反对,在...面前

Unit 8

词组

1. make sense of 弄懂…的意思

2. in other words 换句话说；换言之

3. take risks/a risk 冒险

be at risk=in danger

at the risk of 冒着……的危险

risk doing 冒险做某事

4.experiment with 进行试验；进行实验

5.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大团

6. knock sb / sth down 撞倒

7.that is to say 也就是说

8. fall behind 落后 fall sick / ill fall down跌倒 fall over 摔交 fall into 陷入; 跌入 fall off 掉下 fall back 后退;退让 fall asleep

9 .communicate with 与…联系；与…交流

10. distinguish…from… 把与区别开来

11. adjust to 调整；调节；使适合；使便于使用

12. in the process 在进行；经过；在…过程中

13 in common （团体）共同的；公有的16.make mistakes 犯错误

14.take patience to 有耐心去做….

15. come across 偶然遇见

16. regardless of…不顾 /不管 /不关心…

17 all of a sudden =suddenly

18. be concerned about

19. be anxious about / to do be eager for / to do be curious about

20. more than + 数词 = over more than + n. =only more than + v. =very，深为

more than can/could = not more than + adj./ adv. = very非常

more than one = many a 不止一个

21. get stuck/burnt/hurt/dressed/separated/

washed/changed/lost/married/drunk

句型以及部分知识点讲解

1 stick：可以用作名词和动词，名词的意思为“棒，棍”。作动词时构成短语stick to多表示“坚持原则、计划、诺言、决定等”，还有“继续做某事”的意思。其宾语多是名词rules, plan, idea, promise, decision等。

Eg. Though we all think the plan should be changed, the manager still sticks to his own idea.

That’s my story and I’m sticking to it.

You must stick to the task until it is finished.

其短语有：stick out“伸出；突出”；stick up“突出；伸出；竖立”。

注意：insist也可表示“坚持”。其用法为：insist是及物动词，其后常接宾语从句，这时它有两个含义：（1）“坚持认为”，其宾语从句要用陈述语气；（2）“坚持要求”，其宾语从句要作虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”。insist on则表示“坚持做某事”，某宾语常用动词-ing形式或名词。介词on也可改用upon，意思不变。

无论insist还是stick都不能与动词不定式连用。

【口】(通常用于疑问句和否定句)容忍,忍受[+v-ing]

I can't stick such people.我无法容忍那种人。

【口】被...难住;以...困住

Are you stuck over your algebra?你的代数题做不下去了吧?

习惯用语

at a stick为难, 困惑

be stuck上当, 受骗;被困住

be stuck withover被...缠住无法摆脱, 遇到困难无法进行下去

get stuck in全神贯注吃饭或工作; 使劲干

2 acquire.“取得，获得”指通过漫长的过程逐步获得或学到。

She acquired a knowledge of French.

He has acquired a good knowledge of history in these few years.

Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.我们逐步获得了做这工作的经验。

学到;养成

She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.她在没有老师指导的情况下,掌握了英语语法,学到了大量词汇。

acquire knowledge of求得...的知识

achieve完成；达到目的，赢得名声

win打败对方；赢得胜利

gain获得(奖项)＝win；赢得(财富、经验)；增加；改善

3 Regardless of their theories , …(p67.para1)

He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feeling. 他想到什么就说什么，毫不考虑别人的感受。

1. knock down：击倒, 拆卸, 拍卖出

Eg. She was knocked down by a bus.

These old houses are going to be knocked down.

The painting was knocked down for $5,000.

相关归纳：（1）knock at敲……

（2）knock against撞击Eg. The pickpocket knocked against me on purpose.

（3）knock into撞到……身上

Eg. He knocked into the teacher when he rushed into the classroom.

（4）knock over推翻 Eg. You’ve knocked over my drink!

4 where引导的地点状语从句

If I hear another word from you,you will go where it is really cold.

要是再听到你说一个冷字，我就叫你到真正冷的地方去。

where在此引导地点状语从句，修饰主句的谓语，表示“在……地方；到……地方；无论什么地方”。要注意和where引导定语从句的区别，引导定语从句时，修饰表示地点的先行词(名词)。

例:He left the key where it lay.他把钥匙放在了原位置。

The official policy encouraged people to stay where they were.

政府的政策鼓励人们待在原处。

Please just sit where you want.你想坐哪里就坐哪里。

链接提示

(1)wherever和everywhere也可以用来引导地点状语从句。如:

He is kindly received wherever he goes.

Everywhere I went,people were very happy.

(2)where和wherever可置于possible或necessary之前，其含义为when或whenever

All the experts agree that,wherever possible,children should learn to read in their own way.

5 adopt用作动词，主要有“收养；采纳；采取；吸收”等

例:Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.

他们因没有亲生儿女，决定领养一个孤儿。

Paul’s mother had him adopted because she couldn’t look after him.

保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便把他送给别人收养了。

He is their adopted son.他是他们的养子。

Our school has adopted a new teaching method.我们学校采用了新的教学法。

We’d like to adopt your idea.我们想采纳你的意见。

链接提示

短语adopt sb.as...还有“挑选某人作为……”的意思。名词为adoption。

6 .fall behind该短语既可以是及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语，表示“落后；掉队；推迟(和with连用)”等。

例:Be quick,or you will fall behind.快点，不然就掉队了。

France has fallen behind Germany in coal production.法国在煤炭生产上落后于德国了。

Make sure not to fall behind with your rent,please.请不要拖欠房租。

链接拓展

fall into开始……起来。陷入;如:

They fall into lively discussion of the question.他们热烈地讨论起这个问题。

fall away离弃，脱离。如:

All his old friends fall away from him.他所有的老朋友都远离了他。

fall off跌落，减少。如:

He fell off the horse。他从马背上摔了下来。

fall ill患病。如:

His mother fell seriously ill in hospital.他的母亲在医院里病得很重。

fall back 后退;退让

7 .patience un.耐心；忍耐力

构成短语:be out of patience 对……忍无可忍

例:I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again.我没有耐心再听你的抱怨。

She has no patience with people who are always grumbling.

她不能容忍那些常常发牢骚的人。

If you don’t stop making that noise,I’m going to lose my patience.

如果你不停止吵闹的话，我将失去耐心。

链接提示

patient adj. 有耐心的。构成短语:be patient with 对……有耐心。

8 consequence n.结果,后果[C][(+of)]

I'm quite willing to accept the consequences.我完全愿意承担后果。

重大,重要(性)[U][(+to)]

He is a man of great consequence.他是一个很重要的人物。

answer for the consequences对后果负责

as a consequence因而，结果

in consequence因此，结果

in consequence of...的结果，因为...的缘故，由于

of consequence有势力的；重要的

take the consequences自食其果，承担责任

1 advantage n.优势, 有利条件, 利益.

(1)优势；长处

Mary speaks good English, but she has an advantage because her mother is English.

玛丽英语说得好，因为她有一个有利条件，她妈妈是英国人。

Many women think this is an advantage for men.许多妇女认为这是男人的优越之处。

(2)利益；便利

Is there any advantage in getting there early?早到那里是否值得?

常用短语：take advantage of利用很好地使用；利用：占…的便宜自私地获利；剥削：

take advantage of all educational opportunities.利用一切教育机会

took advantage of the customer.欺骗消费者

to advantage有利产生良好效果；有利于：

The roses were displayed to advantage in a blue vase.玫瑰插在蓝色的花瓶中，产生了良好的效果。

be of advantage to对...有利 to sb.'s advantage(=to the advantage sb.)

gainhave anthe advantage over胜过, 优于

give sb. an advantage over使某人处于更有利的地位

turn out to sb.'s advantage变得对某人有利

turn sth. to advantage使转化为有利, 利用某事物

with advantage有利地, 有效地

2 disadvantage n.不利；不利条件

His inability to speak English puts him at a disadvantage when he attends international conferences.他不会说英语，这使他在参加国际会议时于不利的地位。

His bad health is a great disadvantage for him to get a good paid job.

他体弱多病对他求得一个薪水很高的工作很不利。

(be) at a disadvantage处于不利地位

put sb. at a disadvantage使某人处于不利地位

to sb.'s disadvantage对某人不利, 使某人吃亏

3 conduct n.行为；举止；举动；品行

His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。

vt., vi.行为；举止；为人；表现；处理；经营；引导；实施

Your children conduct themselves well.你的孩子们表现甚佳。

My aunt conducts her business very successfully.我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。

conduct an experiment做实验

conduct a survey进行侦察 conduct an opera指挥乐曲

常用短语：under the conduct of在...指导［管理］下

4 chargevt., vi.要价；索价；要人支付；收费

The fruit seller charged me too much money.这个水果商要了我很多的钱。

How much did he charge you for repairing the bicycle?他修理自行车收了你多少钱?

（与to, up to连用）记账；在帐册等上记入…

Don't forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account.别忘了把鞋钱记在我帐上。

（常与with连用）责令；公开指责；控诉

He was charged with stealing a car.他被指控偷了一辆汽车。

命令；使负责

She charged me to look after her daughter.她要我负责看管她的女儿。

（与with连用）使负责

装满；充满：

charge a furnace with coal.往壁炉里装炭

（常与up连用）使充电Does your car battery charged easily?你那辆汽车的蓄电池容易充电吗?

常用短语：in charge of负责

The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.

主任工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。

in the charge of sb.由某人负责, 由某人照料[管理]

at one's own charge(s)自费, 用自己的钱

take charge of负责, 看管

under the charge of在...看管[负责]之下

charge with控告(某人)犯(某罪)；[通常用被动态]给(枪、炮等)装上(弹药)；使承担

5 prove

vt.证明,证实prove sth.

prove that Facts have proved that the creative power of the people knows no limits.事实证明人民的创造力是无穷的。

prove oneself (to be) +adj./n.

He proved himself to be a great scientist.

link-v. prove (to be)+adjn.

He proved a successful manager

The method / drug proved (to be) highly effective.这个方法/这种药证明是非常有效的。

The article has proved most useful.这篇文章证明非常有用。

He proved (to be) a doctor.他原来是个医生。

6 control

7 pick out挑选，选出：分辨从环境中辩认出；分辨出

picked out the best piece of silk.挑出最好的一匹丝绸

picked out their cousins from the crowd.从人群中认出他们的堂兄弟

pick on选择;（作挨骂或受罚对象）挑中（某人）

Why pick on me?为什么偏偏挑中我？

pick up捡起;获得;收听; 承载（客人，货物等）; 学得通过学习或经历获得（知识）：购买：染上（病）：不经意得到随便或偶然地获得：

pick up speed加速

My radio can pick up France.我的收音机可收听法国广播。

The bus picks up commuters at three stops.公共汽车在三个站载送通勤者

picked up French very quickly.很快地学起法语来

8 sense n.

官能, 感觉, 判断力, 见识, ...感, 意义, 理性

vt.感到, 理解, 认识

He has a good sense of smell.他的嗅觉很灵敏。

A sense of humour is a great asset for a person. (喻)幽默感是一个人的宝贵资产。

He sensed that his proposals were unwelcome.他觉得他的建议不受欢迎。

常用短语：in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说

in no sense决不是, 决非

make sense有意义；意思清楚；有道理

make sense of理解；懂；明白

bring to one's senses使头脑正常[清醒过来], 开导某人, 使醒悟

there is no [some] sense in doing...做...是没有[有一些]道理的[意义的]

9 doubt n.怀疑；疑虑；未确定 [常用复]疑虑, 疑惧

There is no doubt that he is guilty.毫无疑问，他是有罪的。

I have (my) doubts about whether he is the best man for the job.

我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。

Please dismiss all doubts about it.请打消对此事的一切顾虑。

不信任；不相信We have no doubt of his ability.我们相信他的能力。

vt., vi.不确定；疑惑;不信任；怀疑看来…不会；不相信

I doubt that he'll come.我不相信他会来。

常用短语：beyond doubt[常作插入语]毫无疑问

throw doubt on对...产生怀疑, 使人对...产生怀疑

make no doubt(of) (对...)毫不怀疑;that)一定要设法确定

no doubt无疑地; [口]很可能

without (a) doubt无疑地

Unit 17

1 inspire 鼓励；激励

inspire sb. with hope激起某人的希望

I was inspired to work harder than ever before

.我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。

inspire sth. in sb.使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情

inspire sb. with sth.使某人产生某种感情; 激发某人的某种感情

inspire sth. into sb.把某种思想灌输给某人

2 mean adj.低劣的, 卑鄙的, 普通的, 吝啬的, 简陋的,不舒服的

vt.意谓, 想要, 预定 vi.用意, 有意义

I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.

我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。

Peter's father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.

彼得的父亲很小气，他从不给彼得添新衣服。

He means this house for his daughter.他预定把这栋房子给女儿。

He was meant for [to be] a doctor.本来是准备把他培养成为医生的。

习惯用语：（1）be meant to do照道理[照规矩]应该必须；得要；

（2）Do you mean to say ...?你的意思是说...吗? 难道...吗?

（3）What do you mean by ...?你这是什么意思?

(=What on earth do you mean by ...?) 你怎么胆敢...? 你怎么竟然...?

（4）mean much [a great deal] to sb.对某人很重要; 对某人很可贵

（5）mean sb. for准备让某人干某工作

3 just in the corner

4 threaten vt., vi.恫吓；威胁

His father threatened to beat the boy if he stole again.

男孩的父亲威胁说如果他再偷东西的话，就要揍他。

预示…的恶兆；使有…的危险

The river of liquid rock threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time.这股岩浆威胁着要将他团团围住,但泰哲夫还是设法及时躲开了。

5 die down渐弱，消退没劲了；平静了：

The winds died down.风渐渐平息了

die off相继死亡种群突然急剧的衰减：

Rabbits were dying off in that county.在那个地区的兔子相继死亡了，直至灭绝

die out灭绝完全的灭亡；灭绝：

tribes and tribal customs that died out centuries ago.部落和部落文化在几个世纪前就消灭了

6 regret n.遗憾, 悔恨, 抱歉, 歉意 vt.为...感到遗憾, 后悔, 惋惜, 哀悼, 懊悔 vi.感到抱歉

I regret spending so much money on a car.我后悔在一辆小汽车上花这么多钱。

I regret to say I cannot come.很抱歉，我不能来了。

He told me with regret that he could not come to the party.他很抱歉地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。

Much to my regret , I'm unable to accept your kind invitation.我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。

express regret at [for, over]对...表示可惜[遗憾], 为...表示抱歉

7 value n 价值, 估价, 评价, 价格, [数]值, 确切涵义

vt.估价, 评价, 重视;尊重；珍视

What is the value of your house?你的房子值多少钱？

Your help has been of great value.你的帮助很有价值。

He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。

I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告。

of no value没有价值的

value at估(某物的)价为

8 term n.学期, 期限, 期间, 条款, 条件, 术语

a term of office任期

to get a term of seven years in prison被判7年徒刑

He was made captain of the football team for a term of one year.

他被推选为足球队队长，任期一年。

(pl) 合同或协议书的条件、条款、细则

come to terms with与…达成协议

If you agree to my terms -- free meals and good wages - I will work for you.

如果你同意我的条件，免费用餐并给高薪，我就为你工作。

习惯用语：come to terms屈服; 妥协; 达成协议; 接受条件, 对...采取将就态度

during one's term of office在任职期间

in terms of依..., 据...; 从...方面; 从...角度来讲; 关于, 在...方面, 就...来说

in the long term从长远观点来看

in the short term就眼前来说

keep terms with sb.和...继续谈判, 与某人保持友好关系

9 promise

break [go back] one's [a] promise违背诺言, 违约

give [show] promise有希望, 有前途

keep one's [a] promise遵守诺言, 守约

make [give] a promise答应, 许诺

of great [high] promise大有希望的, 前程远大的

promise well很有希望, 前景很好

10 bear vt., vi.bore, borne, bearing

载运；带走负荷；负重;生（孩子）生产（农作物或水果）;忍受

Different trees bear different fruits.什么样的树结什么样的果。

He bears a grudge against me because I took his place in the office.

他对我怀恨在心,因为我取代了他在办公室里的位置。

to bear pain忍痛

bear with容忍；忍耐

We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days.

我们不得不容忍他的坏脾气因为这些日子他有点灰心丧气。

11 hang vt., vi.hung; hanging悬挂

to hang a picture on the wall把画挂在墙上

I hung my coat (up) on a hook.我把外套挂在挂钩上。

吊死hanged

12 fame n.名声, 名望 vt.(常用被动语态)使闻名, 使有名望, 盛传

ill fame丑名, 恶名

The city is famed for its scenic spots.该市以风景优美著称。

Famed adj.闻名的, 有名的, 出名的; 负有盛名的

be famed for以...出名

come to fame成名

Unit 18

1 settle vt., vi定居；使定居

My son has settled happily in America.我儿子已在美国愉快地定居了。

安置；安顿We are settled in our new home.我们住入新居。

落下；栖息The insect settled on a leaf.一只昆虫落在一片树叶上。

使平静，使安静，使镇静

Wait until the excitement has settled down.等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。

决定，确定；解决

We have settled who will pay for the meal.我们已经定了由谁来付饭钱。

They settled the dispute among themselves.他们自己把这个争论解决了。

〈法〉和解

偿清，付还Please settle your account immediately.请立刻结清你的欠帐。

常用短语：settle one's affairs最后一次安排好自己的事

settle down安顿下来过稳定有序的生活：

He settled down as a farmer with a family.他与一家人安顿下来务农

平静变得不紧张或安静

settle for勉强接受尽管不完全满意也能接受：

had to settle for a lower wage than the one requested.不得不接受一个比所需低的工资

2 voyage n.航程, 航空, 航海记, 旅行记 vi.航海, 航行 vt.渡过, 飞过

journey trip tour voyage expedition都含“旅行”的意思。

journey 应用范围很广, 指“有预定地点的陆上、水上或空中的单程长、短途旅行”, 一般来说, 它着重指“长距离的陆上的旅行”, 如:

He decided to make a journey to New York by air.他决定乘飞机去纽约。

trip 为一般用语, 指“任何方式的, 从事业务或游览的旅行”, 往往着重于“短途旅行”, 在口语中, 可与journey 互换, 如:

He made a trip to the Great Wall yesterday.昨天他游览了长城。

tour 指“以游览、视察、购物等为目的的旅行”, 常含有“最后回到原出发点”的意思, 如:

He is going to make a round-the-world tour.他要周游全球。

voyage 主要指“乘船作水上旅行”, 也可指”空中旅行”, 如:

He got seasick during the voyage.在航行中他晕船。

excursion 指“娱乐性的短途旅行”, 如:

She went on excursion to the West Lake.她到西湖去游玩了。

expedition指“有特定目的的远征或探险”, 如:

They're going to make an expedition to the South Pole.他们要去南极探险。

3 possession

Un.有, 所有, 拥有; 占有

[pl. ]所有物; 财产, 财富;

a man of great possessions富人

personal possessions个人财产

How did you get possession of it?你是怎样得到它的?

He gave up possession of the house.他放弃了这房子的所有权。

常用短语：in possession of sth.占有某物

in one's [sb.'s] possession (=in the possession of sb.)(某物)为某人所占有[持有]

take possession of获得, 占有; 购得；占据, 占领

3 make up弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解,化妆；补足；组成

She made up her face to look prettier.她把脸化了妆以便看上去漂亮些。

The boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩编了个故事，这故事不是真的。

make up a bed整理床铺

make up for补偿

How can we make up to you for what you have suffered?我们如何补偿你所遭受的损害？

make up for lost time补回失去的时间

make over更改；修改〈法〉转让财产

Can you make over this old shirt?你能修改这件旧衬衫吗？

His wealth was made over to his children.他的财产已移交他的孩子们了。

make out勉强了解；开出，写（支票、账目等）成功；有（友好）关系；理解, 懂得

辨认出；声称；伪装；把…说成

He immediately sat down and made out a check.他立刻坐下来开了一张支票。

How did you make out with your classmates?你和同班同学关系如何？

He makes out he's younger than me.他声称比我年轻。

make of懂得；了解；解释

I can't make of what he wants.

make it及时到达；成功

make one's way前去；去

make into制成, 做成; 使转变为

make from [make up from]用...制成, 用...做成

4 relation n.关系, 联系, 叙述, 故事, 亲戚

Some of my relations, my mother's aunt and uncle, live in America.我有些亲戚，如我母亲的姑姑和叔叔，住在美国。

关系；联系the relation between wages and prices工资和物价的关系

in [with] relation to关于...,就...而论

have relations with和...有(某种)关系

make relation to提及..., 读到...

relationship n.亲戚关系

‘Do you know her relationship to that girl?’ ‘She's her sister.’

“你知道她和那个女孩有什么亲戚关系吗？”“她是她的妹妹。”

关系；联系The teacher has a very good relationship with her students.

这位老师和学生们关系很好。

5 beyond prep.在(到)...较远的一边, 超过, 那一边 adv.在远处

prep.在（到）…较远的一边

What lies beyond the mountains?山的那一边有什么？

晚于；超过This work is beyond my grasp.这件工作非我力所能及。

Don't stay there beyond midnight.不要过了午夜还留在那儿。

为…所不能及；多于；超出

Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.我看不懂这篇文章。

The fruit is beyond my reach.那个果子我够不着

It is beyond me.[口]我能力所不及; 我不能理解。

beyond sb.为某人所不能理解

6 off adv.离开, 在远方, 离去, 分离, 中断, 完成

prep.从...离开, 脱离

to drive off开走 cut off the gas关上煤气 Turn the light off.把灯关掉。

相距，隔着12 nautical miles off12海里以外 several years off隔好几年

不工作，休息 have Sunday off星期日休息

Keep off the grass.勿践踏草坪。

The ship was blown off course.船被吹离了航道。

We are going off the subject.我们离题了。

在离…海的附近an island off the coast of southeast东南沿海的一个岛屿

7 sign n.标记, 符号, 记号, 征兆, 迹象, 征候

v.签名(于), 署名(于)～, 签署

身势，姿势；信号He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟着他（走）。

告示；标语；牌示，牌子The sign by the road said ‘No Parking'.路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。

迹象；征兆；征候There are no signs of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。

Sign mark都含“标记”、“征兆”的意思。

sign 系常用词, 指“具有一定含义的任何有形或无形的符号或标志, 它的表示可以是实物、表情、动作、文字、语言及任何痕迹或征兆”, 如:

There is a stop sign at an intersection .在交叉路口处有停车标志。

mark 指“为某一目的有意作的标记”, 也指“无意留下或自然形成的痕迹”, 如:

Suffering left its mark on his face.苦难的经历在他脸上留下了痕迹。

补充

Unit 16-

10 recognize：用作动词，有以下义项：认出；承认；分辨出。

Eg. Though she changed so much, I recognized her at first sight.

They recognized him to be a great leader.

Do you recognize (=make out) his handwriting?

注意：recognize, realize和know的区别：recognize=know again; make out“认出；分辨出”；realize=come to know“意识到”；know“认识”

11 comfort：表示“舒适；安慰”时为抽象名词，表示“令人感到安慰的人或事”时为可数名词。Eg. He lives in great comfort. 他生活极为舒适。

It is a comfort to know that she is safe.得知她平安无事，是一个安慰。

comfortable adj. 舒服的。Eg. The chair is comfortable to sit in.

12 pick out：精心挑选；辨别出；

Eg. She picked out the shoes that match the dress.

Can you pick out your brother in the crowd? I managed to pick out the passage.

相关归纳：（1）pick at申诉；指责；吃一点点

Eg. His mother picked at him for being lazy.

The sick woman just picked at the food he brought.

（2）pick on选择某人

Eg. The teacher always picked on me to answer a hard question.

（3）pick up拾起；让乘客上车；驾车接某人；恢复；偶然得到；接收广播

Eg. I picked up the book on the ground.

I’ll pick you up at your home.

After staying in hospital for long, the patient was advised to go to the seaside to pick up his health.

It’s easy for my radio to pick up VOA English.

He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.

（4）pick over慎重地调查；仔细地检查

Eg. He picked over a basket of apples.

13 bring out：使显示, 出版, 生产, 说出

Eg. Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.困难可以显现一个人的最佳品质。

She has brought out two new books at the same time.

The company is bringing out a new kind of soap.

相关归纳：（1）bring up抚养；提出；呕吐

Eg. He has brought up five children.

He was ill and brought up his dinner.

（2）bring down使价格降低

Eg. I don’t know what brought down the price of clothing.

（3）bring about引起；导致=cause to happen

Eg. What brought about the forest fire?

（4）bring in引进；赚取

Eg. The new policy brings in a lot of new fashion.

The sale brought us in over $1000.那笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元。

We have brought in a good grain harvest for three years on end.我们已经连续三年获得了粮食丰收。

(5）bring forward提出；提议;把…提前(= put forward)

We'll bring the party forward.我们要把晚会提前

Eg. Now I’d like to bring forward the question of funds.我现在提出资金的问题。

（6）bring back带回；使忆起

Eg. The landscape brought back my hometown which I had left five years before.

注意：bring out在表示“出版”的意思时，相当于publish，

为及物动词短语。而短语come out表示“出版”的意思时，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。Eg. When does John’s new book come out.

bring out生产；制造to bring out a new kind of soap生产一种新肥皂

使显露to bring out the worst in sb.使（某人）显露其最丑恶的一面

(7) bring off办成功

Though it was a very difficult job, Helen was able to bring it off successfully ahead of schedule.

尽管那项工作很艰巨,海伦还是成功地提前完成了任务。

(8) bring up教育；养育;提出；引出;呕吐

to bring up the question提出问题

(9) bring on引起；导致

Working out in the rain for a long time may bring on a fever.

在雨中工作很长时间可能使人发高烧。

The use of natural fertilizer can bring the crops on nicer than the use of chemical fertilizer.

使用天然肥料比使用化肥使庄稼长得更好。

14 “花费”的句型还有：sb. +spend +money/time +on sth./(in) doing sth.; sb. +pay money +for sth.; It takes sb. some time to do sth.; pay money for sth.; buy sth. for money

15 go on doing, go on to do, go on with, continue

go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事。

go on to do sth.指接着做另外一件事。

go on with sth.指继续同一件事，此时with后能接名词、代词，不能跟v.-ing形式。

continue继续同一件事，也可以是另一件事。该词有以下用法：a. continue +n; b. continue doing/to do; c. continue (to be) +adj.

Unit 17--18

13 admire：用作及物动词，主要义项有：赞赏；佩服；称赞等。

Eg. I admire him for his sincerity. 我钦佩他的诚实。

Don’t forget to admire the baby.不要忘了夸奖那婴儿。

其名词为admirer赞美者； admiration感叹；钦佩；赞美

注意：admire和envy的区别：envy的侧重点在于强调“羡慕和嫉妒”

14 turn to：转向, 变成, 求助于

Eg. He turned to me and said hello to me.

If you are in trouble, please turn to me.

相关归纳：（1）turn on/off开/关（电器、煤气等）

（2）turn up开大；调高（音量、煤气等）；露面

Eg. He hasn’t turned up yet. Will you turn up the radio?

（3）turn down关小；调低（音量、煤气等）；拒绝

Eg. Our request for a pay rise was turned down again.

（4）turn out关掉；熄灭；结果是；证明；生产

Eg. The day turned out fine.

It turned out that he had never been there.

The factory can turn out 1,000 cars a day.

（5）turn over翻地；翻身；翻倒；仔细考虑

Eg. The farmers turned over the soil with a fork to destroy the weeds.

He turned over in the bed and couldn’t fall asleep.

He turned it over in his mind.

（6）turn against背叛；反抗

Eg. For this many of his former friends turned against him.

注意：turn to短语中的to为介词，后面不能使用动词原形。相似的还有：devote…to…；pay attention to；refer to等。但是，He turned to go out.的意思为“他转身走了出去。

15 so far, as far as, so far as

so far“到目前为止”，常跟现在完成时连用。可置于句首，句中或句末。

as far as=so far as“直到；同样运的距离”，as far as既可用于肯定句，亦可用于不定句，而so far as仅用于肯定句，也可表示“就……而言，至于”，两者可互换。

Exercises:

(1). _____ we have learned English for six years.

(2). Your work has been good _____ this year.

(3). We didn’t go _____ the others.

(4). _____ I know he will be away for three months.

(5). He will help you _____ he can.

16 deal with, do with, do without

do with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用what引导。含有“处理；处置”“对待（不用被动语态）”“以……将就（不用被动语态）”“放置（常用过去时或完成时态，不用被动语态）”“忍受（与cannot连用，不用被动语态）”等意思。

do without的意思为“没有……也行；将就”“用不着”。

deal with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用how引导。主要义项有：对付；处理；论及……（和do with同义，主要区别在于特殊疑问词）；相处；与……交易（不用于被动语态）

Exercises:

(1). Your clothes are worn out. What did you _____ them?

(2). He didn’t know what to _____ the property his father had left.

(3). The new teacher didn’t know what to _____ the class.

(4). Butter was so expensive that we had to _____ margarine(人造奶油) in those days.

(5). What have you _____ papers for the meeting?

(6). I cannot _____ the loud noise.

(7). We cannot _____ a telephone in our business.

(8). There wasn’t any coffee left, so we had to _____.

(9). He knows well how to _____ children.

(10). I think the problem should be _____ quickly.

(11). This book _____ ancient history of China.

Unit 13

1 fever n.发烧；热度;狂热；兴奋

in a fever of excitement大为兴奋

be in a fever在发烧

send sb. into a fever of excitement使某人感到极度兴奋

2 energy n.精力, 活力; [pl. ]干劲, 劲头, 力气, 能力【物】能, 能量

be full of energy精力充沛, 精力旺盛

the sources of energy能源

an energy crisis能源危机

energy budget能源预算

force strength power energy都含“力”的意思。

force强调“力所产生的实际效果”, 如:

The law should remain in force.法律应当有效力。

strength 指“体力”、“力量”、“强度”, 如:

He is a man of great strength。他是个大力士。

power 指“能力”、“权力”, 着重“行动所根据的能力或职权”, 如:

It's beyond my power.它超出了我的职权。

energy 原是物理学上的术语“能量”, 用于人时则指“精力”, 如:

He worked with great energy.他以巨大的精力工作。

3 choice n.挑选；选择；抉择

She had to make a choice between the two dresses.她得在两件衣服中选择一件。

She is the people's choice for Prime Minister.她是人民选出来的首相。

常用短语：a great choice of大量可供选择的 (物品等)

at one's own choice随意挑选, 自由选择

for choice凭喜爱, 根据选择

have no choice but[后跟动词不定式]非...不可, 除...之外别无他法

make a choice选择

without choice无选择地, 不分好歹地

choose vt., vi.chose, chosen, choosing

挑选；选择

Who did you choose as the new member of the construction committee?

你选谁当建设委员会的新委员?

She chose to study chemistry.她选择了学化学。

choose three from [among, out of] these books从这些书中选三本书

C-me a good hoe.替我选一把好锄头。

决定；拿定主意；愿意, 宁愿 [后跟不定式]

He chose not to go home.他决定不回家了。

His uncle chose to settle in the countryside.他叔父决意在乡下定居。

chose to fly rather than drive.决定乘飞机去而不是开车去

常用短语：as you choose随你喜欢; 听你的便

cannot choose but不得不,只好

4 fit adj.（与for连用）合适的，适宜的

a fit food for men对人合适的食物

This food is not fit for your visitors.这食物对你的客人来说不合适。

“After the interview, the employer concluded that she was fit for the job.”

面试后老板下结论说她能胜任这项工作。

健康的；结实的

Do you feel fit?你觉得身体好吗？

He runs to keep fit.他跑步为了保持健康。

vt., vi.-tt-合适；合身

Her new shoes didn't fit so she took them back to the shop and changed them for another pair.

“她那双新鞋不合穿,所以她去商店换了一双。”

Your clothes fit well.你的衣服很合身。

This coat's a beautiful fit to you.这件外衣对你非常合身。

安装；装备 fit。。。on。。。

to fit new locks on the doors给门装上新锁

使适合

Her height fitted her for basketball.她身材高适合打篮球。

辨析：match 多指大小,色调,形状,性质方面的搭配

fit 多指大小,形状合适

suit 多指合乎需要,口味,性格,条件,地位等

1)We must find carpets that’ll _________the curtains.

2)The new coat ________me well.

3) No one can ________her in knowledge of classical music.

4) He ________his speech to his audience

5 gain vt., vi.获得，得到

He quickly gained experience.他很快就有经验了。

Only after ten years in the country did she gain her citizenship.

她在这个国家住了十年后才取得了公民身份。

（常与in连用）获益，增加

He gained weight after his illness.病后他的体重增加了。

6 painun.痛苦；悲痛

His bad behaviour caused his parents a great deal of pain.

他的不良行为使他的父母感到非常痛苦。

cn痛；疼痛He had a pain in his head.他头疼。

He has pains / a pain / pain in the shoulders.他两肩痛疼。

cn苦恼；烦闷；讨厌的人；讨厌的物；厌恶(只用单数)

She's a real pain.她真是一个令人讨厌的人。

(pl) 辛苦；努力“No pains, no gains.; No gains without pains.(谚)”不劳则无获。

We must give him sth. for his pains.我们必须给他点什么以便酬报他的辛劳。

常用短语：give sb. a pain[美]令人讨厌, 惹人生气, 使人感到不舒服

No pains, no gains[谚]不劳无获。

spare no pains不遗余力, 不辞劳苦, 全力以赴

take pains费尽力气, 煞费苦心, 尽力设法 with great pain煞费苦心地

7 bit n.小块；少许

There's a little bit of time left.只剩一点儿时间了。

He dug the garden bit by bit.他一点一点地挖园子。

片刻Wait a bit!稍等片刻！

I was just going out for a bit when my uncle came.我正打算出去一会儿,可我舅舅来了。

习惯用语：a bit (of)

有点；稍微The modern opera was a bit of a disappointment; we expected it to be much better.

这部现代歌剧有点令人失望,比我们想象中的差得多。

I'm a little bit tired. Let's take a short rest.我有点累了。让我们休息一会儿。

a bit (of) 一点儿也（不）I'm not a bit tired now.我现在一点儿也不累。

A: Sorry to have bothered you. B: Not a bit (of it).

甲:对不起,打扰你啦。乙:哪儿的话!

Really, David is not a bit like his brother as far as generosity is concerned.

的确,就慷慨大方这一点来说,大卫确实一点也不象他哥哥。

bit by bit一点一点地；逐渐地

8 advise

9 lie

10 base n.

底部, 基础, 根据地, 基地, 本部, 基数, (运动)出发点

vt.以...作基础, 基于...

adj.卑鄙的, 低级的，伪造的 a base coin伪造的硬币

That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris.

这个公司的办事处遍布全世界，但本部在巴黎。

vt.based, basing（与on, upon连用）根据；基于

This news report is based entirely on fact.这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。

11 probable adj.

（常与that连用）很可能的；可能发生的；或然的

A storm is probable today.今天可能会有暴风雨。

It is probable that he has forgotten our appointment.很可能他是忘了我们的约会了。

likely possible probable意思都含“可能的”。

likely 系常用词, 指“从表面迹象来看很有可能”, 如:

a likely young man一个有希望的青年

She is not likely to come next month.她下月很可能不来。

possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法, 某事可能发生或做到”, 强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思, 如:

It is possible to go to the moon now.现在有可能登上月球。

probable 语气比 possible 强, 指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物, 带有‘大概’、‘很可能’”的意思, 如:

l don't think the story is probable.我觉得那故事不大可能。

12 similar adj.相像的，相似的；近似的

My new dress is similar to the one you have.我的新衣服和你的那件相似。

All big cities are quite similar.所有的大城市差不多大同小异。

13 respect n.

（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重

to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者

The students have great respect for their history teacher.

学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。

关心；注意to pay (have) respect to关心

(pl) 敬意；问候

Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。

常用短语：in all respects无论从哪方面来看

in respect of关于；就…来说

pay one's respects拜访

without respect to不管；不考虑

with respect to谈到

give one's respects to向...致候

have respect for尊敬[重], 重视

have respect to牵涉到, 关系到；注意到, 考虑到

out of respect for sb.出于对某人的尊敬

Unit 14

1 custom n.习俗；风俗;习惯

His custom was to get up early and have a cold bath.

他的习惯是早起，然后洗个冷水澡。

(pl)（用作sing.）关税

(pl)（用作sing.）海关

At the airport; the customs officers searched his case.在机场，海关人员检查了他的箱子。

Habit custom都含“习惯”的意思。

habit 指 “个人由于自然条件、社会环境、爱好或经常接触而导致习以为常的行为或特性”, 如:Smoking is a bad habit.抽烟是种坏习惯。

Habit n.（常与of和动名词连用）习惯；习性

to have habit of smoking during meals有吃饭时吸烟的习惯

It is not easy to break off a bad habit.要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。

custom 指“经过一段时期在某人、一国、一地区或一个社会中形成的传统的习惯或风俗”, 如:In China the custom prevails in eating dumplings on New Year's Eve.

在中国, 除夕晚上吃饺子的风俗很盛行。

2 allow vt., vi.允许，准许

Smoking is not allowed here.此处不准吸烟。

Allow me to introduce Miss Mary.请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。

The government servants aren't allowed to accept rewards.公务员不得接受酬谢。

给予；使得到

allowed him ￡1000 for expenses给他每年1000 英镑的开销

We must allow that he is a good teacher. (We must allow him to be a good teacher.)

我们应当承认他是位好老师。

allow for考虑；顾及

We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验。

It takes about two hours to get to their office building, allowing for possible traffic delays.

考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。

allow of容许; 许可

The situations allow of no excuse.形势不容许拖延; 形势刻不容缓。

allow of no excuse不容辩解

3 opinion n.意见；看法

He asked his father's opinion about his plans.他征求爸爸对他的计划的意见。

In my opinion, you're wrong.依我看，你错了。

What's your opinion?你的看法如何?

常用短语：in one's opinion按某人的意见, 据某人看来

in the opinion of照...的意见

4 the common people老百姓 common knowledge常识

common characteristic共同特点 common beam标准天平；标准

a common saying俗话

in common共同，共同享有的，共同使用的

in common with和…一样

out of (the) common不寻常的，特殊的

common ordinary general都含“普通的”意思。

common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”，如：Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”，如：His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”，如：This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist. 这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,

如:the normal temperature of the human body 人的正常体温

5 alive adj.活的，活着的

The fish we caught is still alive.我们捉的鱼还活着。

In most cases, both parents were still alive and still married to each other.

大多数情况下,他们的父母都还活着,而且仍然保持着婚姻关系。

活跃的

Although old she is still very much alive.她虽已年迈，但仍很活跃。

仍然存在的；仍然进行着的

The argument was kept alive by the politicians.政治家们还在继续争论那件事

alive with充满…的

The dead tree is alive with insects.这棵枯树上爬满了昆虫。

Living alive live意思都含“活的”。

living 用于生物时, 指“活着的”, 如:

Shelly was still living when Keats died.济慈死时, 雪莱还在世。

alive 指“活着的”、“在世的”, 着重于状态, 它用作表语, 或放有名词或代词后作定语, 如:

The spy was caught alive though he died from wounds the next day.

特务被活捉, 不过第二天便因重伤而死。

live 只用于物, 指“活的”, 如:

a live rat一只活鼠。

6 trick n.戏法；把戏；花样

窍门；诀窍to learn the tricks of the trade

圈套；诡计He got the money from me by a trick.他用诡计骗走了我的钱。

恶作剧 The children played a trick on their teacher.孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。

vt.（常与into连用）欺骗；坑人

He tricked me into giving him the money.他哄骗我给了他钱。

（常与out of连用）骗走

play a trick on a sb.诈骗某人; 开某人玩笑

trick sb. into [out of]骗人去...[骗取 ...]

7 give away背弃, 出买;泄露(秘密), 暴露; 赠送, 分送; 颁发

give off发出，放出(蒸汽、气味等)

give out分发;用完，用尽;精疲力竭; 公布，宣布；发表

Give the money out to the children.把钱分给孩子们。

Our food supply at last give out.我们的食物终于用完了。

His strength gave out.他已精疲力竭。

It was given out that he was dead.他的死讯已经公布。

give over交给，交付，交出

We gave him over to the police.我们把他交给了警方。

give in屈服, 投降, 退让(to);交[呈]上

give up放弃, 停[中]止;投降, 认输, 泄气

8 take in收留，收容（某人）；包括；囊括；包含；改短（衣服）；缩减尺寸；了解领悟；欺骗；蒙骗You can also take in some of the notable architectural monuments.

你也可以将一些著名的纪念性建筑包括在参观的项目中。

to take in a doctrine了解一种主义

take after相似She takes after her mother.她长得像她妈妈。

take back撤销；同意收回；同意回来

take for当作；误认为

We must not take it for granted that the board of the directors will approve of the investment plan.我们决不可想当然地认为董事会一定会批准这个投资计划的。

take off脱掉（衣服）

（飞机）起飞

The plane took off at three o'clock.飞机三点钟起飞了。

take on雇用；聘用；开始显现；变得有

Why don't you take on sb. your own size?你怎么不跟和你一样高的人较量？

Unit 15

1 missing adj.失去的, 不见了的, 下落不明的, 失踪的, 错过的

a couple of words missing缺的两三个字

There is a page missing.缺少一页。

2 would rather

3 after all in all above all at all

above all； after all； at all

above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，作插入语，起强调作用。如： But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么。

A clock must above all keeps good time．时钟最重要的是必须走得准。

after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”，在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如： After all，your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟，两周后就是你的生日。

He is，after all，a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子。

He failed after all．他终于失败了。

at all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”，用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”，用于条件句时，常译为“当真；实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。如：

He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你。

Are you going to do it at all？你究竟做不做这件事？

If you do it at all，do it well．若你真要做这件事，就得做好。

I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了，我很惊讶。

4 matter n.

事件, 问题, 物质, 内容, 实质, 原因, (印刷或书写的)文件, (文章或讲话等的)素材

vi. 有关系, 要紧

It doesn't matter if you are late.你如果迟到也没关系。

What does it matter ?那有什么关系?

It does not matter (if ...)(即使...也)不要紧

It doesn't matter about the price; buy it, whatever it costs.

价钱没什么关系; 不论多少钱都买。

常用短语：as a matter of fact实际上, 不瞒你说, 确实, 事实是

it is no matter that ...是无关紧要的

no matter不要紧, 没关系

the matter有问题, 有毛病

what matter if即使...又何妨

5 spendcosttake 表“花费”的辨析

6 on one’s /the way to (doing) sth. 正在做某事的过程中

表示时间”临近”的短语: be approaching；be coming；be on the way

be around the corner；be at hand

by the way 顺便问一下 in the way 防碍，挡道 under way在进行中, 发生; 在航行中

in this/that way以这/那种方式 in many ways在许多方面

by way of途经by way of London途经伦敦 out of the way反常的；异常的

all the way一路上, 沿路从远处, 特地；自始至终

feel one's way谨慎小心地进行 fight one's way奋斗前进, 打开一条道路

force one's way挤(出去), 冲(出去) give way (to)让步; 退让；让位于

make one's (own) way前进, 繁荣, 兴隆; 发迹, 飞黄腾达

in a way有几分, 稍微; 在某一方面; 在某种意义上; 在某种程度上

in any way无论如何, 在任何情况下 in no way决不, 无论如何不

7 cost 1) n. 成本，费用

reduce the production cost降低生产成本

the cost of living生活费用

2) n. 代价

at all costs任何代价

at the cost of…不惜以…为代价

3) vt. 使失去(生命,健康等)

His carelessness cost him his life

costly : adj. expensive: 昂贵的

8 for this once (=for once, just for once)就这一次; 破例一回

once again再一次 once and again一再, 再三

once in a while有时, 间或, 偶而

9 call on号召；呼吁；邀请；拜访；请求I'll call on him tomorrow.明天我去拜访他。

call for需要；要求；值得：取; 接;

My chauffeur will call for you at seven.我的汽车司机七点钟会到你那儿去取

The occasion calls for a cool head.这种场合需要冷静的头脑。

call off取消

The meeting has been called off.会议取消了。

call up召集；动员；使人想起 (= call upon)传人到法庭; 应征入伍; 打电话;

call in 回收使退出流通：邀请

calling in silver dollars.回收银币 call in a specialist.邀请一个专家

call out召唤：大声喊叫; 召集; 命令(工人)罢工;

call out the guard.将卫兵集合起来

call by[口]顺便到...去一下; 顺路访问

call over点名

10 pay off还清；偿清；结清工资解雇（某人）；成功

Our plan certainly paid off; it was a great idea.

“我们的计划当然成功了,那是个很好的主意。”

pay back报复 (= pay off, pay out, serve out)

I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me!

“你那样对待我,我一定要回敬你的!”

偿还；偿付

How can I pay you back for all your kindness?你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢?

11 attend vi., vt.注意；留意出席；到场

attend school上学

attend a lecture听讲课

attend church去教堂

attend (at) a wedding出席婚礼

attend on护理, 侍候, 陪伴, 伴随

attend to倾听, 注意, 留心；关心, 照顾, 护理; 办理

Unit 9

1 attend vt.出席参加; 上(学, 教堂)

attend a meeting [lecture]出席会议[听演讲, 听课]

attend a wedding [a funeral]参加婚礼[葬礼]

attend school [church]上学[教堂]

be well attended出席(听...)...人数很多

be attended by由...陪同; 由...照料

I will attend you to the classroom.我将陪你到教室去。

May good luck attend you!祝你幸运!

vi.出席,参加[(+at)] attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼

照料,处理[(+to)]

I'll attend to the matter.我来处理此事。

护理;侍候[(+on/upon)]

注意,倾听;致力(于)[(+to)]

She didn't attend to what I was saying.她并不注意听我所说的话

【习惯用语】

attend on 服侍, 照料; 陪, 随从

attend upon 服侍, 照料; 陪, 随从

attend to 倾听, 注意, 留心；关心, 照顾, 护理; 办理

2 content a.满足的,满意的;甘愿的[F][(+with)][+to-v]

She seems content to live with him.她似乎很满意与他生活在一起。

He was content with his work.他对自己的工作很满意。

vt.使满足[(+with)]

Her answer seemed to content him.她的回答好像令他满意。

【习惯用语】

be content to do sth. 乐于做某事

be content with 沉迷［满足］于

to one's heart's content 心满意足，尽情地 I ate to my heart’s content. 我尽情地吃。

content oneself with 满足于，对...感到满足

3 access 接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用[U][(+to)]

access broadcasting

向公众开放的节目播送(电台、电视台开放给少数民族或利益团体传递讯息或做宣传的节目播送)

Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。

Citizens may have free accessto the library. 市民可以自由使用图书馆。

通道,入口,门路[C][U][(+to)]

The only access to their house is along that narrow road.只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。

【习惯用语】

be easy [hard, difficult] of access 容易[难]接近

give access to 接见; 准许出入

have [gain, get, obtain] access to 得接近; 得会见; 得进入; 得使用

4 stress

n.压力;紧张;压迫[U][C][(+on)]

Susan was completely weighed down by the stress of examinations.苏珊被考试的压力压垮了。

under the stress of poverty 在贫困的压力下

着重;重要性[U][(+on)]

She lay great stress on proper behavior.她很强调行为端正。

time of stress 危难之际, 非常时期

【语】重音;重读[U][C][(+on)]

In the word “mother” the stress is on the first syllable.在“mother”这一字里,重音在第一个音节上。

vt.强调,着重

The English teacher stressed the importance of reading aloud.

英语老师强调了朗读的重要性。

I must stress that we haven't much time. 我必须强调我们没有多少时间了。

用重音读Stress the second syllable.重读第二个音节。

加压力于;使紧张

The weight of snow stressed the roof to the point of collapsing.

雪的重量压得屋顶快要塌了。

【习惯用语】

in the stress of the moment 一时紧张

lay [place, put] stress on 把重点放在...上; 在...上用力

under [driven by] the stress of 为...所迫; 为...所驱使; 处境紧张[困难]

5 responsibility n. 责任, 职责

【习惯用语】

be relieved of one's responsibility [-ties] (被)解除职责

bear responsibility for 对...负有责任

decline all responsibility for 声明对...不负任何责任

on one's own responsibility 自作主张地, 自负全责地

take full responsibility for 对... 负完全责任

take the responsibility upon oneself 自己承担起责任来

undertake fresh responsibility 担负起新的职责

6 alternative n. 二中择一, 可供选择的办法, 事物抉择；选择余地[the …+of)]

adj. 选择性的, 二中择一的

If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.

要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐,你可以自己带饭。

What alternatives are there?还有什么可选择的?

选择的自由(或余地)[U]

They had no alternative in the matter.在这件事上,他们没有选择的余地

We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们没有选择的余地。

There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.

除了战斗直到胜利,别无选择。

【习惯用语】

have no alternative but 除...外别无选择; 只有; 只好

7 affect

vt. 影响, 对...起作用[反应]; 使...感光; 改变; 损[伤]害

The amount of rain affects the growth of crops.雨量影响作物的生长。

感动 ; He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。

(病)侵袭;罹患患(病), 中(暑) be affected by heat [cold] 中暑[着凉]

Her kidneys had become affected.她的肾脏受到了感染。

【参考词汇】

affect effect influence 作为动词, 都含“影响”的意思。

affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思, 如:

This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响我的思想。

effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如:

This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。

The reform was effected. 改革实现了。

influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如: Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.

在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。

8 wipe out 扫除；清除掉 ;勾销（债务） ;消灭；毁灭 ;洗雪(耻辱)

to wipe out a whole army 歼灭一个整军

wipe up 揩干（洗净的碟盘） ;揩干

wipe off 勾销（债务

wipe down 把…擦干净

（常与away, off连用）擦干；揩净

wipe your tears away 擦干你的眼泪

9 issue vt.(1)发行;发布

The post office issued the stamps last week.上星期邮局发行了这些邮票。

(2). 发给,配给[O][(+to)],核发

They issued the soldiers with guns. 他们把枪发给士兵。

(3.) 使流出,放出,排出

vi.(1). 出来[(+forth)](2). 流出[(+from)]

Lava issued from the volcano.熔岩从火山口流出来。

(3). 由...得出,由...产生[(+from)]

His difficulties in his work issue from his lack of experience.

他工作中的困难是由于缺乏经验而引起的。

(4). 发行,颁布,出版

A new coinage issued.一种新硬币发行了。

n.(1). 问题;争论;争议[C]

They have published a lot of new books on international issues.

他们已经出版了很多论述国际问题的新书。

(2). 发行(物);一次发行量;(报刊)期号[C]

There's an article about Jamaica in this issue.

在这一期里有一篇关于牙买加的文章。

【习惯用语】

at issue 在争论中; 不一致, 有分歧; 待裁决的

raise a new issue 提出新论点

take issue against 反对

issue sth.to sb. 把某物发给某人 = issue sb. with sth.

issue from 从...流出[冒出、传出]

join issue (=take issue) with sb on sth争论, 进行辨论

make an issue of sth. 使某事成为有争论的问题

10 advise：可用作动词（vt.＆vi.）。主要义项有：忠告，劝告，建议，通知，商量。

用作动词时的主要搭配形式为：（1）advise+名词/动名词；

Eg. I advise waiting until tomorrow.我建议等到明天。

（2）+sb. to do sth. Eg. I advise you to start at once. 我劝你立刻出发。

（3）+宾语从句Eg. Can you advise me whether I should go abroad?

你能不能指点我该不该出国？

（4）sb. against doing sth.

Eg. I strongly advise you against going abroad.我力劝你不要出国。

（5）sb. on sth.

Eg. He advises us on economic affairs.他给我们提供有关经济事务的建议。

（6）sb.+疑问词+不定式

Eg. He could not advise me what to do next.他无法教我接下来该做什么。

（7）sb. of sth.Eg. Please advise us of the date. 请将日期通知我们。

注意：advise作“通知”讲后跟宾语从句时，用陈述语气；作“建议”讲后跟宾语从句时，用虚拟语气。

Eg. We were advised that they could not accept our offer.

我们获得通知，说他们不能接受我们的提议。

I advised him that he (should) go at once.我劝他应该马上去。

11 face

Unit 10

1 frighten vt. vi. 使惊吓; 惊恐

习惯用语】

be frightened of [口]害怕, 对...感到恐惧

frighten away 吓跑, 吓走

frighten off 吓跑, 吓走

frighten sb. into doing sth. 用恐吓手段迫使某人做[不做]某事

frighten sb. out of doing sth. 用恐吓手段迫使某人做[不做]某事

He was frightened of the fierce dog. 他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。

He was frightened at the thought of his huge debts.

他一想到他背负的巨额债务便胆战心惊。

2 urge vt.催促;力劝;激励;怂恿

They urged us to go at once.他们催促我们马上去。

极力主张;强烈要求[(+on)][+that]

urge sth. on [upon] sb. 向某人极力陈述某事

My friends urged that I (should) apply for the job.朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。

The people in that country urged independence.那个国家的人民要求独立。

推进;驱策[ on [onward, forward] 推进; 驱策

We urged the school team on with loud cheers.我们大声助威,激励校队拼搏。

vi. 极力主张;强烈要求

urge against 极力反对

The citizens urged for the construction of a new hospital.市民们强烈要求建造一个新医院。

n.[C]. 强烈的欲望;冲动;迫切的要求

The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了,我很想外出旅行。

【习惯用语】

urge... into doing [to do] [怂恿]...做

3 board

n. 木板;板,牌子;布告牌;黑板;(棋)盘[C]

He sawed the board in half.他将木板锯成两块。

膳食;伙食[U]We will provide room and board for them.我们将提供他们的食宿。

委员会;理事会;董事会;(政府的)部,局,会

He has recently joined the board of the company.最近加入了该公司的董事会。

舞台;演员的职业[the P]He quit the boards years ago.数年前他就离开了舞台。

vt.. 用木板覆盖(或封闭)[(+up/over)]

He boarded up the windows.他用木板将窗钉上。

上(船、车、飞机等)

The passengers boarded the plane at 9 a.m.旅客们上午九时登上飞机。

包饭;供...膳宿

【习惯用语】

above board 诚实地, 公开地, 光明正大地

All on board! 请大家上车!

go on board 上船; 上飞机, 上火车

go on the boards 当演员

Trade Board 劳资协商会

board in 在寄宿处吃饭

board up 栅木板阻断(道路等) 用木板围住用木板钉起

across the board 包括所有团体或成员

A wage rise of 10 pounds a week across the board. 全体成员每人每周加薪10镑

go by the board （计划、安排等）失败，落空

sweep the board 赢得一切；几乎全胜

Our team swept the board in the sports games. 我们代表队在运动会中大获全胜。

4 live through：度过, 经受过

Eg. They lived through the Second World War.他们经历过第二次世界大战。

相关归纳：（1）get through 做/办/看完；通过/让通过；接通电话

Eg. I will be with you as soon as I get through this work.我一做好这项工作就到你这儿来。

I got through the book in one evening.我一个晚上就看完了这本书。

（2）go through 审阅；检查；讨论；查看；看一遍；经历（困难、痛苦等），经过（阶段等）Eg. I’d like to have you go through the book.我想让你审阅一下这本书。

Most families went through a lot during the war.大多数家庭在战争期间经历了很多的苦。

5 on end：竖着, 连续地

Eg. He stood the box on end.他把箱子竖立起来。

It snowed for three days on end. 一连下了三天雪。

相关归纳：（1）at the end 结束；尽头

Eg. She was at the end of the patience. 她已忍无可忍。

（2）in the end 最后；终于

Eg. He tired again and again and succeeded in the end.他一试再试，终于成功了。

（3）put an end to 结束；停止

Eg. Let’s put an end to this quarrel. 我们结束这场争吵吧。

（4）come to an end完毕；终止；结束

Eg. The meeting came to an end early. 会议很早结束。

注意：end构成的词组中不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词的使用

6 at hand：在手边, 在附近, 即将到来

Eg. I always keep the handbook at hand.我总是把那本手册放在手边。

Final examinations are at hand. 期末考试快到了。