高中英语教学随笔 (译林牛津版英语高一)
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- 2024-07-14
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以下是小编为大家准备了高中英语教学随笔 (译林牛津版英语高一)，本文共14篇，欢迎参阅。
由于农村地区教育相对落后，对英语学习不够重视，还由于自身有自卑心理，不敢张口说英语，加之没有掌握适当的学习英语的方法，导致上课调动不起英语学习的积极性，学生只是消极被动地去接受知识，达不到预期的理想效果。然而，该年龄段学生的优点是上课积极活跃，动手动脑能力强，同学之间有相互竞争的意识。如何在教学过程中利用这些优点呢？在实践中我深切感到在课堂上设置游戏，能够激活课堂，调动学生自主学习的能力，培养学生对英语学习的兴趣，使他们变成课堂的主体。现在谈一下我对课堂游戏教学的一些浅显的认识和不成熟的看法
课堂游戏有利于培养学生的创新意识和创新能力
创新是现代社会对人的素质提出的又一基本要求。如何把创新精神贯穿于课堂教学的始终，使课堂焕发出生机和活力？关键一点就是教师在教学时应给学生营造一个创新的环境。课堂游戏恰巧从根本上改变了封闭教学的沉闷局面，让学生参与到了教学过程中来。游戏走进课堂，把教师传授知识的过程变成了在教师指导下、以学生为主体主动参与积极探索的过程；把重视传授知识变成了激发学生求知欲、好奇心、创造精神和开发学生潜能的学习过程；把教师从真理的代言人、至高无上的权威、传道授业解惑者，改变成学生民主、平等、自由地进行自我展现过程的操作者。一个宽松、广阔的创新环境悄然形成，它不断地启发、诱导学生在学到书本知识的同时，也培养了他们的创造能力。学生的个性在游戏中得到尊重，尊重个性就是尊重创造。面对学生，我们应永远充满信任和期待，以爱的春风绽放每一朵春蕾，用信任的目光开启每一个心灵的宝库，使创新教育在英语课堂上得到真正的体现。
课堂游戏有利于培养树立学生的合作精神和意识
课堂游戏帮助我们改变了老师的一言堂，开辟了师生间、学生间平等交流的好场所。知识、能力、性格等方面各有差异的学生集合在一起，去发现别人的闪光点来启迪自己的思维。在游戏中，知识、能力、性格得到了相互碰撞和升华。在游戏中，学生不仅学会了倾听，学会了赞美，学会了批评，学会了接受，而且还展现自我、认识了自我、完善了自我，使个性得到了和谐健康地发展，同时也养成了他们的合作精神。
课堂游戏可以让学生走进生活，开拓英语学习的新天地
在课堂游戏教学中，同样的教学内容，教师的教法不同，学生的学习效果就不同。教学得当，学生则学得轻松有趣、学的灵活，掌握的就好。反之，教师教法不当，学生就学的吃力、枯燥，甚至厌学。对学生的游戏效果应进行多方面的强化或者鼓励。在游戏过程中，应及时发现学生的闪光点并给予肯定和表扬，帮助他们在游戏中学习，学会总结、创新，从而进一步强化游戏效果。只有让学生在课堂上自主地发展，才会使他们具备创新人才所需要的品质。我们在课堂上设立游戏，不仅可以使学生在学习中享受到快乐，而且还可以发展学生的各项素质。因此，让游戏走进课堂，不但可以使我们的英语教学焕发出新的生命，而且还能够拓宽学生学习英语的新天地。我们在今后的教学中应不断进行探索与创新，让游戏走进课堂，让我们的英语课流光溢彩，活力四射。
“课堂教学永远是一门遗憾的艺术，而科学、有效的教学反思可以减少遗憾。”随着教师专业化的发展，教师的主体的自身实践活动已成为教师成长的根本动力。在教师的实践活动中，反思被广泛地看作教师职业发展的决定性因素。美国著名的学者波斯纳提出教师的成长公式是：教师成长=教学过程+反思；我国著名的心理学家林崇德也提出“优秀教师=教学过程+反思”的公式。教师只有通过不断反思，才能使自己从“教书匠”逐步成长为“教育家”。新课程要求教师不仅要成为教学研究的主体，更要成为反思的实践者。
有关研究证明，成功的和有效率的教师倾向于主动地和创造性地反思他们的教育目的、课堂环境，以及他们自己的职业能力。叶澜教授说：“一个教师写一辈子教案难以成为名师，但如果写三年反思则有可能成为名师。”在教师应该具备的各种能力中，反思能力不仅对教学工作，而且对教师的发展具有非常重要的意义。教学反思可以激活教师的教学智慧，探索教材内容的崭新呈现方式，构建师生互动机制及学生学习新方式，它是我们教师成长的“催化剂”是教师发展的重要基础。英语新课程标准的实施需要教师不断反思自己的教学行为是否体现新课程理念，是否有利学生的发展。
一、英语教学反思的主要特征
以追求教学实践合理性为目的。教学反思可以发现新问题，进一步激发教师的责任心，教学反思并不是一般地回想教学情况，而是在教学中不断发现问题，并针对这些问题调整教学方案，使教学方案更合理。教学反思追求更多更好的方法，提高课堂实效性。教学反思对教学理论和实践持有一种健康的怀疑，并及时地把思想变为行动。一个教师如果能不断进行教学反思，经常能研究总结，那么他的教学水平将不断提升。
教学反思具有探索性。任何教师都有理论上的迷茫，实践中的困惑。反思作为一种教学手段在探索中奋进。存在问题就整改，发现问题则深思，反思的真谛就在于教师要敢于怀疑自己，敢于善于突破、超越自我，不断地向高层次迈进。教学实践的过程，既是教师探索的过程，也是教师反思的过程。教学反思就是教师自觉地把自己的课堂教学实践，作为认识对象而进行全面而深入的冷静思考和总结，从而进入更优化的教学状态，使学生得到更充分的发展。
教学反思贯穿于整个教学活动。它既有对教学内容的反思，也有对教学方法的反思，如：探究性教学和任务型教学如何在英语课堂上得到合理运用？多媒体教学如何为课堂教学服务？既有常规课的反思，也有专题活动的反思，比如如何高效性地分析试卷？怎样提高学生的听力水平和写作水平，等等。教师既有通过自己实践后感受而进行的教学反思，也有借学生的眼睛作为“镜头”来质疑自己的教学行为的反思。
二、英语教学反思的内容
1、对教学理念的反思。新课程的核心理念是“为了每一位学生的发展”。在这种核心理念的指导下，课堂教学评价已经将关注的重心从教师的“教”转向学生的“学”。这就要求教师必须认真对待每一节课的课堂教学，必须在教学方式、学习方式的革新、备课方式和课前准备、自我教学能力的重新认识及课堂民主平等的师生关系的建设等几方面进行深入持久的努力。新课程标准还要求教师要从片面地注重知识传授转变到注重学生学习能力的培养。教师不仅要关注学生的学习结果，更要关注学生的学习过程，促进学生学会自主学习、合作学习、探究学习，让学生感受并理解知识产生和发展的过程，培养学生的科学素养和创新思维习惯，教师应通过广泛的理念学习，不断探索反思。
2、对教学方式的反思。传统的教学内容的安排，多以知识的逻辑为主线，忽视了教学的逻辑和接受逻辑，授课方式基本是“满堂灌”，灌知识，灌方法，少有师生互动探究，更谈不上激活体悟，启迪智慧，开掘潜能。教师在教学中是参与者，指导者、组织者、促进者，教师的教学活动应该是灵活多变的，教学过程应是师生共同发展的互动过程，应通过学生体验、实践、讨论、合作、探究等方式，引导学生积极主动地学习，发展学生听、说、读、写的综合语言技能，并创造条件让学生能够探究自己感兴趣的问题。总之，教师要转变传统的、单一的、以语言知识传授为主的“输入式”教学，代之以学生为活动主体的“输出式”教学；要转变单一的教学方式，关注学生学习方式、思维方式的差异，要着力研究学生的学法分层。
3、对学习方式的反思。现代学习方式的基本特征是：主动性、独立性、独特性、体验性、问题性。新课程理念要求学生在“实践中学习，促进学生在教师指导下主动地、富有个性地学习”。这说要求教师对学生如何学给予了更多的关注。学习方式不仅仅是具体的学习方法，而是指学习新知识或解决问题时采取的一贯方式。传统的模式是学生被视为“应试的机器”或是“可填塞知识的容器”，他们没有受到应有的尊重，得不到应有的发展“空间”，难以发挥主动性和创造性。新课程标准所倡导的自主学习、探究学习、合作学习、学习策略体现了学生学习方式的变革。
4、对教材的反思。以前教师把教材当作惟一的教学资源，“吃透教材，教好教材”成了对教师的最高要求。其结果是，教师被扼杀了自主精神和创新能力，限制了自身的发展，教学不能从实际出发，难以激发学生的学习积极性。新课标要求教师参与课程设制，积极开发和合理利用课程资源、搞好校本课程。由“教好教材”到“开发和利用教学资源教好学生”不仅会促进教学改革，还会有力地促进教师的发展。广博的课程资源会帮助教师不断“充电”，不断充实和提高自己。
5、对教学对象的反思。学生是学习的主体，这就要求教师必须充分关注学生，英语教师首先要摒弃传统的以“教案为本，以课本为本，以统一的标准评价为本”的传统观念，在教学过程中，对学生整齐划一，造成了学生“吃不饱，吃不了”的现象。英语教师必须树立 “以人为本”理念，课堂教学中一切活动设计都要符合学生的个性特征。只有这样，才能有利于学生的自我发展。另外，要充分了解学生的学习习惯，情感态度，知识能力；充分关注学生的学习动机，对英语学习的理解，对这门语言难易程度的期待等。只有这样，学生才能够独立自主地学习，从而大大提高教学效率。
6、对教师角色的反思。过去的教师相对学生而言，处于绝对的“权威”位置，学生只是被动接受知识的“容器”。而新课程改革就是要建立和谐的、平等的师生关系，这就要求我们不得不重新反思教师的角色定位。教师应该是平等的合作者，和学生要彼此尊重，互相信赖。教师在教学过程中，既要关注和赏识学生对知识的掌握和能力的提高，又要关注和赏识学生在学习过程与运用方法的优良行为，还要关注和赏识学生在情感、态度、价值观等方面的积极表现。
7、对课堂教学评价的反思。评价要从单一的针对语言知识掌握程度的知识性测试向关注学生综合语言运用能力的多样化评价方式转变；要充分调动不同的评价主体开展评价活动，尊重每个学生的不同意见，鼓励学生有创见的思想，特别是在有争议的问题上更要培养学生多元的思维能力，促进创新精神的形成和发展；要关注学生整体、全面的发展，不能仅仅关注学生学业成绩。
三、英语教学反思的途径
1、从学生的角度来反思自己的教学。学生时常用眼睛和心灵观察和思考着教师，从学生的行为、思想状态、学习成绩以及对老师的期待中都会反映出我们的教学状况。所以老师要时时注意观察学生的学习行为表现，分析现象，探究原因，从学生的角度思考施教中的利弊得失。
2、从教师的角度来反思自己的教学。从教师的角度来对我们自己的教学观念、行为、设计理念进行深刻审视，要抓关键事件，从而捕捉住发展自己的机会。
3、通过邀请同行或专家听评自己的课来反思教学。邀请同行或专家观察自己的教学，与他们交流和对话。可以用新的眼光看待自己的教学实践，有时会使自己的教育观念得到部分或全部的重建。
4、通过写课后反思来反思自己的教学。教师可以通过写课后反思，把每一堂课的成功之处、失误之处、意外收获、学生见解记录下来，不断积累经验，开辟和完善更适合学生发展的教学思路。
总之，高中英语教学反思以解决教学实际问题为基点，不是简单的课后回顾，而是不断提高和深化的过程。教师在“思”中学，在“改”中探索，在探索中发展和创新，使我们的教育教学能力不断提高。
．6
M3 U2 words:
1. be made up of = consist of , be composed of
consist of的意思是“由……构成”，它与 make up of ， compose of 的区别在于：consist of不可用被动语态，而make up of和 compose of 可以用被动语态。例如：
1） The house consists of 6 rooms.
2） The medical team is made up of three doctors and a nurse.
3） The book is composed of 25 units.
2.occupy occupation n.占据、职业
1. occupy意为 “take up or fill (time, space, sb’s mind, etc)” “占据，充满（时间，空间，某人的头脑等）”。
e.g. The speech occupied three hours. 发言占去了三个小时。
A bed occupied the corner of the room. 一张床占去了房间的一角。
2. occupy意为 “take possession of and establish troops in (a country, position, etc)” “（军事）占领（国家、阵地等）”。
e.g. The army occupied the enemy’s capital. 军队占领了敌国首都。
3. occupy意为 “live in or have possession of (a house, land, etc)” “占用，占有（房屋、土地等）”。
e.g. The family have occupied the farm for many years.
这家人在农场已居住多年。
They occupy the house next door. 他们住在隔壁。
4. occupy oneself (in doing sth/with sth) “忙着（做某事）；忙（于某事）”。(be busy doing sth./with sth.)
e.g. How does he occupy himself now he is retired?
他既已退休，都如何打发日子呢？
n.
He is a bus driver by occupation_____________________________________
3.name after
She was named after her grandmother.
她是根据她祖母的名字命名的。
The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader.
by name名叫;用名字
in the name of以...的名义;代表Stop doing that, in the name of God! 看在上帝的分上,别干了
by the name of名叫 !
know sb. by name只知道某人的名字
4. aside from=apart from /
apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：
Apart from English, he has a good command of Russian and French. 除英语外，他还精通俄语和法语。（= besides)
He has no interests, apart from his work. 他除了自己的工作外，没什么兴趣爱好。（= except )
It’s a good paper, apart from a few spelling mistakes. 这是一篇好论文，只是有几处拼写错误。（= except for)
aside from 类似于apart from的用法。
1除…之外
Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance. 除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外, 四周一片寂静。
Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
除了有趣与运动外，游泳还是个很有用的技能。
2既…又…
I didn't accept the job because it was badly paid and aside from that, it wasn't very interesting. 我没接受这个工作, 因为工资既少, 又非常乏味。
5.contribution contribute
make a great contribution to
contribute to捐（款）；投（稿）；贡献；有助于
contribute to a literary journal 向文学杂志投稿
contribute to the furtherance of. 对促进……的发展起作用。
Contribute to the Red Cross 捐助红十字会
6.defeat beat
beat和defeat属一组同义词，它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体，如a team, a class, an school, an army。defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。二者常可换。 eg:
We beat their team by 10 points. 我们赢了他们队十分。
In the end their army was defeat/beaten. 最后他们的部队被击（打）败。
7.take control of
lose control of
beyond control 无法控制
in control (of) 控制(住),管理
out of control 不受控制
under control 被控制住
keep...under control 对...加以控制
under the control of 受...的管理(或管辖),受...的控制
have (no) control over (of)能(不能)控制...
8.lead to =result in
1. Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.
这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。
2. Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness.
过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。
9.replace vt. 取代 =take the place of 放回原处
Nothing can replace a mother's love. 什么都无法取代母爱。
We've replaced the old adding machine with a computer
我们用电脑取代了老式的加法计算器
He replaced the book in the shelf
10. entire = whole
whole n.全部, 全体, 整体, 完全之体系
adj.所有的, 完整的, 完全的, 纯粹的, 未损伤的, 未打破的
adv.完全, 整个
entire adj.全部的, 完整的, 整个
entire 与 whole 在许多情况下可以通用。例如：
The people‘s government has the support of the entire(whole) population . 人民政府得到全民的支持。
whole 常用来强调某事物的完整性，即没有任何部分被忽略或舍去相当于 every part. 在日常语言中，whole 远比 entire 用得多。例如：
One day the police even used their sticks during a peaceful march by blacks , and this was seen across the whole country on TV . (也可用 entire) 有一天，黑人在进行和平进军的时候，警察使用了警棍，这个情景全国的电视上都看到了。
entire 可以修饰抽象名词，whole 则不能。如：
This would destroy the entire peace of the Middle East .
这将会破坏整个中东和平。
11.therefore
therefore有两种用法，一在整句中，一在分句中。therefore是副词，但有时具有连词作用。
一、整句中时一般不放句末，句首后要有逗号，句中1、按一般副词使用2、做插入语
eg.1、Therefore，we must learn English well.
2、They therefore can learn English well.
3、Many fast food restaurant ,therefore, have red furniture or walls.
二、用在分句中，即一个句子一部分表示原因一部分表示结果。
这时一般词前要用分号，其后用不用逗号无所谓。若第二个分句前是逗号或无符号，则要注意therefore是副词，和so不一样，要保持句子完整，应用and therefore。
eg.1、I had a headache; therefore I could not go to your party.
2、I was ill, and therefore could not come.
3、These birds are very beautiful and therefore liked by many people.
12. distinction n. 差别,区别;特性,特征;卓著,荣誉
the chief distinction of Chinese food
中国食品的主要特征
a writer of distinction
一位卓越的作家
academic distinctions
学术上的荣誉
There is no appreciable distinction between the twins.
在这对孪生子之间看不出有什么明显的差别。
His distinction of sound is excellent.
他辨别声音的能力很强。
distinguish v. 区分、辨别 distinguish...from... 辨别, 识别; 把...和...区别开
distinguish right from wrong
明辨是非
distinguish good from evil
分辨善恶
13. concern n. 关心、忧虑、vt.涉及、使担忧 对。。。感兴趣
Andrew expressed his concern. 安德鲁表示了他的关切。
be concerned about /for 关心，挂念；(没什么太大区别 几乎可以通用 但书面的正式用语多是be concerned about )
be concerned with 关系到，涉及 (指的是和某事或某人有联系 不涉及内心感受)
be concerned over sth. 为某事忧虑
be concerned in sth. 也是-- 和某事有牵连 有关联的意思
Ex: The conference was concerned ___ the global reforms of the financial system，and every leader present was concerned ___ interests of his own country.
A with；about B over；about C for；in D about；with
14.access have access to
1. 接近,进入;接近的机会,进入的权利;使用[U][(+to)]
Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.
只有少数几个人能看到有关该案全部事实的材料。
2. 通道,入口,门路[C][U][(+to)]
The only access to their house is along that narrow road.
Ex: Translate the sentence:
市民可以免费使用这个图书馆。____________________________________
He is a man of easy access. _________________________________________
15.differ from = be different from
Tom ____his father in character and some everyday habits
16. stand for =symbolize /represent
What do the letters UN stand for?
The American flag stands for freedom and justice.
美国国旗代表自由及公平
16.simplify v. simple adj. simplified adj.
The subject is immensely complex, and hard to simplify.
这个题目非常复杂,并且很难简化。
17.as a whole
As a whole our efforts did not prove to be futile.
总体说来，我们的努力没有白费。
The population as a whole is/are in favour of the reform.
全体人民普遍拥护改革。
18.indicate vt. 显示、表示、象征、暗示
The results indicate the need for more work.
结果表明，还有更多的工作需要做。
The light above the elevator indicated that the elevator was then at the fifteenth floor.
电梯上方的灯指示那时电梯在十五楼。
19. convenient adj. convenience inconvenient
convenient意为“方便的”，常用于it is convenient (for sb) to do ….或sth. is convenient to sb. 结构.不可以说: if you are convenient
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 明天就开始工作你觉得方便吗
Ex: Come and see me whenever _____ .
A: you are convenient B: you will be convenient
C: it is convenient to you D: it will be convenient to you
20. thus
A society is thus made up of people from all walks of life. thus在这里是“如此这样”的意思。就是说：社会就是这样的鱼龙混杂（由各种各样的人组成）。
He didn't work hard. Thus he was fired.
Ⅰ单项选择：
1. We have to __________ some practical measures.
A. come out B. come up with
C. come up D. come about
2. ---You ________part in the party in time.
---Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.
A. are supposed to take B. have supposed to take
C. are supposed to have takenD. supposed to have take
3. The popular musician was asked ________ she should intend to be her partner in the next concert.
A. what B. whomC. howD. when
4. A plan has been put forward _______ from next month on electricity fee should be paid at the bank.
A. that B. whether C. when D. where
5. When I caught him cheating me, I stopped ____ things in his shop.
A. buyingB. buy C. to buy D. bought
6. The words of his old teacher left a ______ impression on his mind. He is till affected by them.
A. lasting B. lively C. long D. real
7. The woman is abnormal. Sometimes she is very _____ but sometimes she is really fierce.
A. gentleB. terrible C. frighteningD. fearful
8. A traffic accident happened on the highway, and a driver ______.
A. may have hurt B. may be hurting
C. may be hurt D. may have been hurt
9. An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week.
A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold
10. Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful．
A. has tried; has proved B. tried; proves
C. has been tried; provesD. is being tried; is proved
11. When we see this kind of film, we can experience anything in the film, even feelings. Everyone will be surprised at _______ it feels.
A. what real B. how real C. how reallyD. which really
12. Letters _______ in the post office before they are sent out.
A. sort B. be sorted C. are being sorted D. are sorted
13. I know Fanning was closed down at the end of , but ____ Fanning’s dream finally began to fade?
A. How was it B. What was it that
C. When was that D. When was it that
14. Not only _____ to stay in from the rain. To his joy, he was invited to dinner with the host.
A. did the stranger allow B. was the stranger allowed
C. the stranger allowedD. the stranger was allowed
15. Mr Green is said ____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing
Ⅱ 单词拼写：.
1. New technology has enabled development of an online “v_______________ library”,
2. When it comes to job interviews, first i_______________ are important.
3. He was t_______________ about being asked to play the leading role.
4. U______________ entering the room she saw him.
5. I can send him a note v_______________ the internal mail system.
6. The mailman d_______________ the letters on time.
7. The two football players seem like enemies on the field but in r___________ they are good friends.
8. The nurse m_______________ the patient’s condition carefully.
9. She was a truly _______________(非凡的) woman.
10. I hope you will find true ________________(幸福).
11. The _______________(战役) finally brought the war to an end.
12. We need to develop the steel _______________(工业).
13. It’s nice to be on the _______________(获胜的) side for a change.
14. The wood was wet and would not _______________(燃烧).
15. You look _______________(极好的) in that dress.
Ⅲ 选用下列词组填空，必要时改变形式：
1. An engineer from Jiang Su_____________ this project now.
2. Many IT workers______________ piracy of various softwares.
3. The film____________ the mountainous area is popular with audience.
4. He___________ as the best actress in International Film Festival.
5. He_____________ being attacked by wild animals and stayed for the night in forest.
6. The miners were finally rescued____________ first Aid Team.
7. ________________ his disappointing daughter, the old man went away in silence.
8. At the meeting, the sales manager_________ that he would like to see the product promoted.
9. The Olympic torch______________ from one torch bearer to another.
10. What he said at the conference_______________ the audience present.
Ⅳ 改写句子：根据要求完成句子（单词和句子大多数来自课本）
1. With the rapid development of science and technology, some of our wildest dreams could come true in the future. （填入一词，完成下面句子，并保持两个句子意思一致）
As science ____________ rapidly in the direction of technology, some of our fantasies could become real in tomorrow’s world.
2. However, with VR we are able to do some things that could never be achieved in real life.（填入一词，完成下面句子，并保持两个句子意思一致）
However, VR enables us in some way to do __________ could never be achieved in real life.
3. During the first few years, the company did not make a profit and Mr Bezos thought that his efforts would not pay off. （填入一词，完成下面句子，并保持两个句子意思一致）
At the beginning, the company made no profit and in Mr Bezos’s mind all his efforts would end in _____.
4. She likes traveling and is quite familiar with many countries. （填入一词，完成下面句子，并保持两个句子意思一致）
She is fond of traveling and has a wide _____________ of many countries.
5. In the active voice, some verbs (such as see, find, make etc.) are followed by an object and a bare infinitive (without “to”). In the passive voice, we change the bare infinitive into the to-infinitive. e.g. I saw him go there. → He was seen to go there. （填入一词，完成下面的总结）
A grammatic ____________ is given here about the changes between the active and
Teaching plan
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims: Help the students to get some information about Yang Liwei;
Ability aims: Help students to know how to interview an expertise appropriately;
Help students to know how to create a wall poster.
Emotional aims: Lead students to realize the fact that they will succeed as long as they work hard.
Key points:
It’s hard to interview an expert and create a wall poster by their own, so teacher should lead students to master them step by step with the help of both teacher and their classmates.
Teaching Methods:
Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
Teaching Aids:
The multimedia and the blackboard.
Teaching Steps:
Step 1-Pre-reading
Lead in with the VCR about Yang Liwei / about space/ 神州一号
Ask students that who is the first man..登月.. in China
Ask students: Is he born to be success or great?
so let’s know something about him from this passage.
Step2-Fast Reading
Read the whole passage as quickly as possible and to finish the following table:
1965 ____________________________________________________________
1983 ______________________________________________________________
1987 ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Oct. 15 __________________________________________________________
Step3-Careful reading
Read each paragraph carefully and try to find out the main idea.
At the beginning, I will give an example, then students need to finish the rest.
Paragraph 1: Introduction of Yang Liwei’s space exploration.
Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4:
Paragraph 5:
Step4-Collection
问一下学生有没有突然对一个名人感兴趣然后就上百度去百度知道他或她的信息；
在PPT中显示一个剪切好的百度的关于一个人（例如Kobe Briant）的信息，想必大家基本都很熟悉资料简介的格式，因此参考这样一个格式4人小组将杨利伟的个人信息也总结一下然后列出一个表：(原创：鉴于英文不好，好一点的帮忙翻译一下)
例如：
Yang Liwei
Born:_____
Sex :_____
Nationality: _____
Education: 1983_______________________________________________
1987 _____________________________________________
Work experience: 1987_______________________________________
1998_______________________________________
1998--2003__________________________________
2003.10____________________________________
Personality: _________________________________________________
Influence:__________________________________________________
Step5 -Post-reading
Interview an expert
Pair-work：两人一小组学生选择一个自己喜欢的人进行互相采访，并将采访内容记录下来，学生可以参照之前的一些样板信息进行采访，同时也可以另外增加感兴趣又幽默得体的话题进行采访并做好记录。
Step6-Create a poster
Group-work：
一个小组四人合作设计poster 在设计之前先放一些比较有代表性的海报给予参考，学生自主讨论设计自己喜爱的,擅长画画的学生可以发挥自己的强项。
Step 7 Homework
Write a short story about a person you like.
高一英语教学现状与思考
教材修订的主要方面和内容
一、调整词汇
二、调整难度
三、调整内容
四、完善细节
调整词汇
删减超纲词
在模块1－5基本覆盖七级词汇（1000词）
在模块6－9基本覆盖八级词汇（900词）
增加单词复现（滚动复现）
在Word power板块的拓展词汇中避免冷僻词，代之以常用词
调整难度
减少习题量
缩短Task板块的听力长度
变换题型
提供更多范例
调整内容语言：对少数语篇进行改写
信息：数据更新，事实核查
文化：丰富性和多样性，民族自豪感和本 土文化意识
完善细节
部分栏目调大文字字号，以保护学生视力
选择型填空题，将选项部分用蓝色标出
专有词汇表和语法术语表按照页码排序，以与学习过程同步，方便查找
磁带录音：
学生用书1盒；
词汇表、练习册1盒（词汇表在前，练习册在后）
1. Welcome to the unit：暂不调整，替换个别插图和说明。
2. Reading：适当加强对学生思维方面的训练。
(1)A部分的读前问题进行适当修改，加强对文章大意了解能力的考查。
(2)B部分主阅读减少超纲词。
(3)C1/C2部分的阅读理解练习调整难度，并可以替换其他题型。
(4)D部分的词汇练习尽量选用语篇生词中的重点词、常用词，采用词语搭配的练习。
(5)E部分的语篇练习尽可能采用Reading中的重要词汇，考察学生的阅读理解能力，以及在语境迁移中运用生词的能力。
(6)F部分原则上不做修改，作微调。
3.Word Power：删减不常用的词，增加一些日常生活常用词汇。扩充构词法部分。
4.Grammar and usage：总体的语法体系暂不调整，适当调整练习形式与梯度。
5Task：
(1)化繁为简，突出重点，使老师和同学能更好的理解这部分的训练目的。
(2)Skills building 1中的听力部分降低难度。缩短听力材料的长度，降低练习的难度。
(3)Skills building 2中的阅读材料中尽量避免超纲词。
(4)Skills building 3以写作来结束整个Task部分。如果教材原来未提供写作范文，则在这一部分增加写作范文。
6. Project：模块1和模块2的Project仍旧保留4P步骤，在模块3-5，增加一篇阅读。
7. Self-assessment：板块设计不变。根据前面各板块的修订，更新自我评估项目。
责任编辑：李芳芳
236.因..感激某人 be grateful to sb for sth/be thankful to sb for sth
237.养成..习惯 form/get into the habit of doing sth
改掉习惯 break/get rid og the habit of doing sth
238.cut sth in half=cut sth into halves
239.帮忙 lend a hand to sb 上交 hand in
240.hang 悬挂-hung-hung/hang 上吊-hanged-hanged
241.碰巧做某事 happen to do sth/碰巧… It (so) happens that…/
某事碰巧发生某人身上 Sth happen to sb
242.Hardly…when…/no sooner…than…(置于句首,前分句倒装,前句用Had done,后句过去时)
Hardly had he left When I came
243.在某方面有问题 have trouble with sth/
让某人做某事 have sb do sth=let sb do sth=make sb do sth
让某事被做 have sth done 使..处于某种状态 have sth doing
与…有关 have something to do with
244.收到某人来信 hear from sb
听见某人做某事（全过程） hear sb do 听见某人做某事（片段） hear sb doing
245.激烈的讨论 heated discussion
246.大雨/雪 heavy rain/snow
247.帮助某人摆脱困境 help sb out 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth=help sb(to) do sth
有用的 be of help=be helpful在..的帮助下 with the help of
248.犹豫做某事 hesitate to do sth
249.高度评价 think/speak highly of
250.举起/耽搁 hold up 别挂断 hold on 阻挡 hold back
251.为了纪念 in honour of
252.无论多困难 however difficult=whatever difficulty/
无论…however+形容词/副词 =whatever+名词
253.匆忙做某事 hurry to do sth=do sth in a hurry
254.对..有大概的了解 get a rough/general idea of sth
255.不良作用 ill effect 副作用 side effect
256.设想做某事 imagine doing sth
257.对..产生影响 have an impact/influence on 给某人留下好印象 give sb a good impression
258.在某人20几岁时 in one’s twenties
259.depend on依靠=rely on be independent of 不依赖别人的,.独立的
260.把某事通知某人 inform sb of sth 使某人得到通知 keep sb informed of sth
261.比…次等 be inferior to 比…高等 be senior to 比…低 be junior to
262.坚持做某事 insist on doing sth
坚决要求做 insist that+句子（用should+V）
坚持..观点 insist that+句子（事实情况）
263.打算做某事 plan to do=mean to do= intend to do
264.对..感兴趣 take/show interest in=be interested in
265.参军 join the army 成为一员 join sb积极参加 join in=take part in
266.和某人开玩笑 play a joke on sb 嘲笑某人 laugh at sb=make fun of sb
267.靠左行驶 keep to the left
阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth=prevent sb (from)doing sth=stop sb (from)doing sth
与..保持一致 keep up with 赶上 catch up with 勿踏草坪 keep off the grass
268.拆毁 knock sth down=pull sth down 撞倒某人 knock sb down
269.认识某人 know sb了解某人 know about/of sb
270.一门关于..的知识 a knowledge of English
271.缺少 lack sth=be lacking in sth=be short of sth 由于缺乏 for lack of=be in absence of
272.持续 last for=run for=continue for=last
273.开会迟到 be late for meeting 晚做作业 be late with hoework
晚些到arrive late lately=recently(句子用现在完成时) later on稍后
274.同一类的 of a kind
275.lie 位于/躺-lay-lain lay 放置，孵蛋-laid-laid
276.通向，导致 lead to=result in
277.从错误中吸取教训 learn from one’s mistake 给某人一个教训teach sb. a lesson
278.请假 ask for leave 让某人独自呆着 leave sb. alone
279.抽出空闲时间 spare one’s leisure/free time
280.想要做…feel like doing=would like to do sth
281.很可能 be likely to do sth./It is likely that…
282.坐落在…be located in/by/on/near…
283.严密保管某物 keep sth under lock and key
284.look after 照顾 look around 环顾 look up 查询
look out 小心 look into 深入调查 look for 寻找
285.灰心 lose heart
286.茫然不知所措 be at a loss
287.使某人发疯 drive sb mad
288.主修 major in
289.大多数 the majority of…
290.make off with money 携款而逃 make out 辨认出 make up 编造，化妆
make up for ，弥补 be made up of 由…组成（物理变化）
be made up from 由…组成（化学变化）be made into 制成…
make it possible to do …/that+句子 使…成为可能
291.manage to do 没法成功做某事 try to do 尽力去做某事
292.用这种方式 in the way=in this manner=by the method
293.与…结婚 marry sb. =be married to sb.
294.做某事无关紧要 it doesn’t matter that…
295.怎么了？what’s the matter/the trouble/wrong with sb?
296.mean to do sth 打算做… mean doing sth 意味着…
What do you mean by doing sth.?指…
Every means +单数 All means +复数 by means of 通过，利用
297.提及做某事 mention doing sth
298.给某人留个条 leave a message for sb
299.在…中间 in the middle of
300.避免做某事 miss doing sth
301.错误的 by mistake 把…误以为… mistake A for B
302.没有心情做某事 be in no mood to do sth.
303.越来越多 more and more 越来越挤 more and more crowded
越…就越… the+比较级…the+比较级… more than+数词=over 超过
no more than =only
304.moreover 而且，此外 unless 除非 therefore 因此 in that =because 因为 otherwise=or 否则 once 一旦，曾经 that is to say 就是说
305.must be doing 一定正在做… must have done 过去一定做过…
can’t/couldn’t have done 过去一定没做过… should have done 本该做而未做…
306.be native to 土产的
307.如果有必要的话 if necessary 未必,不一定 not necessarily
308.没必要做某事 There is no need to do sth …
309.neither A nor B either A or B not only A not also B 谓语动词看B
A as well as B A together with B A with B 谓语动词看A
310.对…紧张 be nervous about…
311.不是别的，正是… no other than
312.注意 take notice of
313.到目前为止 by now=so far(句子用现在完成时) now that =since既然
314.反对某人做某事 object to doing sth
315.be obliged to do sth. 被迫做某事 be obliged to sb for doing sth. 因某事感谢某人
316.observe a rule 遵守规则
317.在…场合 on the occasion of/in the situation
318.某人从未想到…It never occurred to sb that
319.对…开放 be open to sth. 把…对公众开放 open sth to the public
320.依照某人的看法 in one’s opinion
321.在…对面 be opposite to…
322.整齐 keep sth in order 混乱 out of order
目的在于 in order to do=so as to do
in order that+句子(can/could/may/might+ V) in order not to do=so as not to do
323.换言之 in other words 总而言之 in a word
324.喝着茶聊天 discuss sth over tea
325.在…中起作用 play a part in…
326.挑剔 be particular about…
327.pass away 去世 pass by 路过 pass on 传递
328.看见 case,point,pause,situation选where
329.特别的 be peculiar to
330.百分之四十 forty percentage of…
331.天气允许的话 weather permitting=If weather permits
332.说服某人做某事 persuade sb to do sth 说服某人别做某事 persuade sb out of doing sth
333.pick out 挑选出 pick the flower 摘花 pick up 捡起,无意间学会,接某人
334.按计划 as planned
335.受…欢迎 be popular with
336.人口多 the large population
337.没有…可能性 There is no possibility of doing
338.尽可能快 as soon as possible
339.练习做某事 practice doing sth
340.因为某事表扬某人 praise sb for doing sth
341.比起…更喜欢 prefer doing to doing prefer to do sth rather than do sth
342.perpare sth 直接准备… prepare for sth 为…做准备(间接的)
为某事做准备 make preparations for sth
343.出席 be present at 目前 at present=now(进行时) 不久 presently=soon(将来时) 当前的政府 the present government 在座所有人 everyone present
344.假装做某事 pretend to do pretend to be doing pretend to have done
345.以…自豪 be proud of=take pride in
346.profit 利润 interest 利益
347.promote 促进,发扬
348.保护某人免受…的伤害 protect sb from sth
349.证明是 turn out to be +形容词/n=prove(to be)+形容词/n
350.故意的 on purpose
351.put away 收好,放好 put down 写下,记下 put off 推迟 put out 熄灭
put up 举起,建造 put up with 容忍
352.在某方面迅速 be quick at (doing) sth
353.raise 举起(及物) rise 上升(不及物,指价格和太阳上升)
354.乐于做某事 be ready to do sth
355.sb realize one’s dream=the dream come true
356.reasonable 合理的,公道的
357.recall 回想 remind sb of sth 使某人想起…
358.refer to 提到,参考,查阅
359.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 reject doing sth 正式反对某事
360.regret to do (与说有关的V)talk/inform/say regret doing 后悔做…
remember/forget to do 记得去做某事(没做) remember/forget doing 记得做过某事
try to do sth 尽力去做某事情try doing sth 试用另一种方法
361.与…有关 be related to
362.relieve 缓解 relax 放松 release 释放
363.remain to be done 有待…
364.在维修中 under repair
365.抵制做某事 resist doing sth 防水 be resistant to water
366.the rest=the others(特指剩余的那些)
367.as a result 因此 as a result of 由于 result from 由于 result in 导致
368.冒险做某事 risk doing sth=run the risk of doing sth
369.为…留下空间 make room for…
370.交通高峰期 rush hour
371.on sale 廉价出售 for sale 上市=on the market
372.stand for 代表
373.search for sth=look for sth 寻找… search sb 搜身 search for sb=look for sb 寻找某人
be in search of 寻找
374.seat oneself 就座(表动作) be seated 表状态
看见seated, missing, lost必选
375.be second to none不亚于任何人 a second time 又一次再一次
376.see sb off给某人送行
负责--- I’ll see to it that(用一般现在时)
377.make sense有意义
378.sensible 明智的 It is sensible of sb to do sth sensitive敏感的 be sensitive to
379.开始着手做某事情set about doing=set out to do=get down to doing
Set off 出发,启程 set sth aside把…放置在一边 set up=build建立
380. sign 招牌,手势,标记 signal 信号 signature 签名
381. sometime 某个时候(将来时,过去时) 用when提问
Some time一段时间(完成时) 用how long提问
Sometimes有时(一般现在时) 用how soon提问
Some times几次(完成时) 用how many times提问
382. sooner or later 迟早 some other day 某一天 看见以上两个时间状语用将来时
看见the other day 用过去时
383. sb spend money on sth sb spend money in doing sth
384. 在现场 on the spot=on the scene
385. 用…代替… substitute A for B= replace B with A
386. such a beautiful girl= so beautiful a girl
Such…as 例如… such…that…如此…以致于
387.突然地 all of a sudden
388.suggest doing sth 建议做某事情
sb suggest that+句子(用should+动词原形)表示建议
sth suggest that+句子(事实情况)表示表明,暗示
389.养活一家人 support a family
390.确保 Make sure that+句子(一般现在时)
某人一定会做…be sure to do sth… 某人对…有把握be sure of doing…
391.使某人惊讶to one`s surprise
392.take in吸收 take off 飞机起飞,脱下衣服 take on呈现,雇佣
take up从事,占据,选学
393.量体温 take one`s temperature
394.think of sb想到某事情 think about sb为某人着想 think over仔细考虑
think+it+形容词+to do/that 认为…怎么样
395.young though he is=young as he is
396.turn to sb for help向某人求救 turn on打开 turn off 关掉
turn up 音量开大,出现 turn down 音量开小,拒绝
397.make oneself understood/heard
398.It is not until …that…直到…才The reason why…is that…
399.不值钱的valueless worthless
非常值钱的priceless valuable invaluable
400.view:从上往下,从里往外看到的景色
401.visit sp=pay a visit to sp
402.等待某人做某事情 wait for sb to do sth
403.各行各业 all walks of life
404.警告某人某事情warn sb of sth warn sb to do sth warn sb not to do sth
405.热心肠的warm-hearted
406.被广泛使用be widely used
407.有消息传来 word came that保守诺言keep one`s word
408.值得做某事be worth doing/be worthy of+n/.be worthy of being done/be worthy to be done
409.积极参加体育活动 take part in the sports activities
提问是阅读教学中使用得最频繁的教法之一。目前语文教学中已形成众多流派,不管哪一派都离不开设计 问题、提出问题、运用问题,开启学生心智,引导学生理解课文。那么究竟应该如何提问呢?本人认为,要研 究阅读教学如何提问,首先要探讨何以要提问。
作为一种教法,提问是师生课堂会话的方式。提问是一种言语行为,属“语用”范畴,提问时使用的问句 属“语形”范畴,而问句中包含的问题属“语义”范畴。
二十世纪科学哲学的一个重要成果,是发现智力活动的起点在发现和提出问题。英国科学家波普尔科学发 现的模式就是:“问题(1 )--假设(猜测)--验证--问题(2)”。因此, 问题也是教师启发学生, 打开思路,开发智力的钥匙。布鲁纳的“发现法”,第一步设卡,即让学生认识上产生矛盾,发现问题;第二 步设法,就是让学生运用已有知识框架或认识结构,在教师点拔下试作解答;第三步验证,如果解答正确,也 即动用旧框架同化了新信息,进一步丰富了已有的框架,如果错了则帮助学生调整或转换旧框架,形成新框架 ;第四步小结,即反馈、总结。认识心理学中的“SQ4R阅读方法”,首先是预习或概观,在此基础上即是“提 问”,然后精读(阅读、思考),最后是复述和复习,以加深记忆;其主要特征就在于提出问题、回答问题, 对教材进行细致、深化的加工。
阅读理解有不同层次。章熊先生分为:(1 )复述性理解(着眼于表层信息,侧重记忆);(2)解释性理 解(通过信息加工, 由表及里、由此及彼,转化为自己的认识);(3 )评价性理解(对文章价值作用评价) ;(4)创造性理解(超越本文,探索新问题,提出新见解)。按章先生的意见,四个层次由低到高排列,而中 学阶段的阅读理解应以一、二两项为本(注:《特级教师--专家学者之选》。)。理解的层次不同,问题的 层面和提问方法也会有所不同。例如,在低年级使用的谈话法适用于复述性理解,提出反常问题,克服学生思 维定势使用于创造性理解。本人认为,狭义的理解应指“解释性理解”,是实现阅读目标的关键,也是阅读智 力活动的核心,想象、欣赏、评价、记忆、创造、应用都以此为基础。
西方解释学是关于文本意义的解释和理解的一种理论与方法或哲学,有助于探讨“解释性理解”的本质。 解释学认为,阅读是读者和本文的对话、交流。伽达默尔说:“使留传下来的本文成为解释的对象,就意味着 它向解释者提出问题,……理解本文也就是理解这个问题”;而“问题的重建变成了我们自己的提问,这种重 建可以把本文意义理解为其回答”,“我们这些努力要求理解的人,必须通过自己让本文讲话”(注:《哲学 译丛》1986年第三期。)。作为接受者总是以提问者身份出现,而作为本文则以对答者身份出现,双方建立起 问答的伙伴关系;而理解就是通过对话、问答而达到“视界融合”的过程。所谓视界是一个从已有知识框架出 发所能理解的可能范围,读者不断从自己已有视界出发,进入本文的视界,形成一个既非自己也非本文的新视 界,具有新的可能性。达到理解的标准就是解释学家所说的“解释学循环”--整体只有通过理解它的部分才 能得到理解,而对部分的理解又只能通过对整体的理解。“解释学循环”有两层意思:
(一)古典解释学认为,作品自身作为整体包括意义、风格、结构等,作品的各部分诸如章节、词句等, 必须放在这个整体中才获得理解与意义;而作品相对于产生它的整个历史文化背景而言,又是这一文化背景的 部分,作品必须放在这一历史文化背景的整体关系中才能得到理解。对这一层次的“解释学循环”,钱钟书先 生表述得最为清楚:“乾嘉‘朴学’教人,必知字之诂,然后识句之意,而后通全篇之义,进而窥全书之指。 虽然,是特一边耳,亦祗初桄耳。复须解全篇之义乃至全书之指(“志”),庶得以定某句之意(“词”), 解全句之意,庶得以定某字之诂(“文”),或并须晓会作者立言之宗尚,当时流行之文风,以及修词异宜之 着述体裁,方概知全篇或全书之指归。积小以明大,而又举大以贯小,推末以至本,而又探本以穷末;交互往 复,庶几乎义解圆足而免于偏枯,所谓‘阐释之循环’者是矣。”(注:钱锺书《管锥篇》第一册,中华书局 出版。)
(二)当代解释学认为,更重要的是解释者的前理解(已有知识框架)形成的视野(整体)与作品(部分 )的关系。读者已有的知识框架是向本文敞开的倾向性,在已有框架引导下进行理解活动,同时也在理解活动 中受到检验、调整、修正,使本文的意义显现出来,因此理解决不是消极地复制本文,而是一种“生产性”、“构成性”的努力。伽达默尔认为,理解永远是由整体(读者的前理解)运动到部分(作品),又回到整体( 读者所达到的新的理解)的理解。而所有部分与整体的和谐状态便是正确理解的标准。
根据当代认知科学研究成果,阅读理解同时存在两种信息加工方式:资料驱策加工和概念驱策加工(注: J.R.安德森《认知心理学》,吉林教育出版社出版。)。“资料驱策加工”是对来自本文的信息加工,本文从 低到高有如下分析平面:语音平面、书写平面、词汇语义平面、句法平面、语篇平面和语篇所指平面。对本文 各平面从高到低,从低到高的加工相当于“解释学循环”的第一层意思。可是读者的心智并不是一张“白纸” ,本文仅仅是信息的一个来源,其它信息还来源于读者头脑中已有的知识,一个人对有关本文的知识越多,理 解效果越好,就能以最短时间、最少努力,有选择地使用最有成效的线索探索文章语义和句法制约关系,从本 文中构造出意义,这种加工方式称为“概念驱策加工”。读者头脑中已有的知识相当于解释学家说的“前理解 ”,因此这种加工方式也相当于“解释学循环”的第二层意思。任何认识的发生、发展都是认识的外源因素和 认识的内源因素双向作用的结果,阅读也是双向建构,阅读理解要达到两个平衡:作为客观的本文的整体和部 分的协调,作为主体认知框架的平衡。
阅读教学中,教师的主导作用在于通过提问,引导学生达到“解释性理解”,起导读作用。这就要遵循“ 解释学循环”的原则,启发学生同时进行两种方式的信息加工,提高理解水平,培养迁移能力。
以上主要从解释学维度讨论了何以要提问,阅读教学中如何提问就有了根据。
课堂提问的组成是阶梯式的:最高层次是“课”,其次是“课段”,再次是“回合”(一次问和答),最 低层次是“话步”(教师的“问”和学生的“答”)。
我们先讨论“回合”。教师和学生的对话并没有信息沟,教师提问并不是要从学生那里获得信息,而是要 启发学生获得信息或检查学生是否已获得信息。一般会话结构是两话步:一种是A(问)--B(答),A(再问 )--B(再答);一种是A(问)--B(答),B(问)--A(答)。而课堂会话结构是三话步:T(教师问 )--S(学生答)--T(教师评价小结)。第三话步是信息的反馈, 即使有学生能作出正确回答,但不等于 所有学生都能回答,应重复学生的回答以面向全体学生。
由回合到课段,提问有一个开始到结束的框架,每次提问都有一个焦点,如何组织一个课段的提问呢?遵 循“解释学循环”的原则,大致有两种方式。
(一)由浅入深,由表及里。
1、由表层到深层,由具体到抽象。于漪老师《七根火柴》第21 节的提问设计是:(1)无名战士留给人间 的最后话语是什么?(2)无名战士留给人间的最后动作是什么?(这两个是表层问题。)(3 )这些言行显示 了他怎样的心灵、怎样的精神?(4)和一般人相比, 他的伟大之处是什么?(这两个是深层问题。)《截肢 和输血》第1 节提问:(1)白求恩同志是在怎样的气候下赶路的?(冷)(2)作者怎样描写冷?(这两个是 具体的问题)(3)作者着力描写气候寒冷的用意是什么?(这个问题较抽象。)
2、层层深入。如钱梦龙老师《捕蛇者说》第1节的提问:(1 )这种蛇特别,文中用了哪一个字?(“异 ”)(2)“异”在哪里? (归纳为:色、毒、用)(3)作者突出了哪一个?(“毒”)(4)为什么?(陪 衬赋敛之毒)(5)为什么永州人民还“争奔走焉”? (将捕蛇和纳税联在一起)后一问句的焦点以上一问句 提供的新信息为依托,层层递进。
(二)整体--部分--整体。
本人在教《白杨礼赞》第7节的提问设计是:(1)上一节从外形上写白杨树不平凡,本节从哪一方面赞美 白杨树的不平凡呢?(内在气质)(2)作者调动哪些手段赞美白杨树的内在气质?(排比、比喻、拟人、对比 、欲扬先抑)(3)“伟丈夫”和“好女子”对比, 这个“好”是什么含义?(美丽)(4)为什么要用这样的 对比和隐喻? (突出其壮美,并由赞美树过渡到赞美人)(5 )作者用什么手法进而揭示其象征意义?(反问 排比句)(6)这几个排比句之间有什么联系? (由外到内,层层深入)(7)四个反问句句式上有什么变化,
怎样逐步深化点出象征意义?(略)(8)这一节在全文起什么作用? (赞美的高潮所在,精华所在)。
在组织课段提问时,要防止孤立式的提问。一位新教师教读《挖荠菜》第2节提了三个问题:(1)“馋” 是什么意思?(2 )馋到什么程度? (3)饿到什么程度?关键要问:为什么要写馋(突出饿)和写“饿”反 映了什么,才能由表及里。
在课堂上,提问的展示由“回合”到“课段”,再到“课”;可是教师在设计提问时是从“课”到“课段
牛津高中英语教学设计
单 元：Unit 1 School life
板 块：Reading 1
Thoughts on the design:
在完成了welcome板块的学习后，阅读一名从中国到英国的交换生的介绍文章。让学生在阅读过程中使用skimming理解文章大意，用scanning 获取细节信息，之后再对文章作综合回顾。然后，引导学生换个角度，从英国学生的角度来看待中国的学校生活，模仿课文，从不同的方面介绍中国的校园生活。
Teaching objectives:
1. to help the Ss master the reading skills of skimming and scanning.
2. to guide the Ss to understand the passage and learn about more details of school life in the UK.
3. to encourage the Ss to learn to view our school life in a different perspective.
Step 1. Lead-in
1. [Teacher] We’ve learned a little about the difference between schools in China and in the UK.
2. [Brainstorming] If you were an exchange student in a UK school, what would you enjoy most?
3. Collect answers from a few students.
4. [Teacher] Today we’ll read an article from a school magazine, written by Wei Hua, who studied in the UK for one year. Let’s find out what she finds enjoyable.
[设计思路]：从上一课时涉及的中英学校生活差异谈起，问学生什么是他们心目中英国校园生活最让人喜欢的部分，从而引出课文的enjoyable experience。
Step 2. Reading for general ideas
1. Introduce the reading skill: skimming.
2. Teacher can start with the title and the first paragraph so that the Ss know how to work out the general idea of each paragraph.
3. [pairwork] Ask the Ss to work in pairs. Go through the passage quickly to find out the main idea of each paragraph.Check answers one by one paragraph.
[设计思路]：教师示范skimming的运用，让学生学会在快速浏览的情况下，抓住文章的要点。
Step 3. Reading for details
1. Introduce the reading skill: scanning.
2. Teacher can do Q1, Q2 in Part A first.
3. [Individual work]Ask Ss to do Q3 in Part A and questions in C1 individually.
Check answers with the Ss.
4. [Listening and reading] Ask Ss to go through the questions in C2.
Then listen and read after the recording. Ask Ss to answer the questions using their own words.
[设计思路]: 示范传授scanning的运用，并辅以相关练习，让学生在阅读中掌握阅读方法。
Step 4. Consolidation
1. [Task-based reading] Ask the Ss to do the task-based reading and check answers.
Aspects Details
General impression It was a different but exciting and enjoyable 1. ______________
Assembly Students should attend it on the first day and the 2. ____________
Will tell the rules of the school during that period.
Class Our class is of the 3._______ size; we would never study in a fixed classroom.
Subjects English I practiced it every day, so it got 4. ________ a lot.
French I had an 5. _______ French class on Tuesday evenings.
Cooking I learned a lot and could make delicious cakes.
Selective ones Students can 6. _______ studying some subjects if they don’t like them.
7. _________ It was not heavy but a bit 8. ______________
Spare time I played football with others, 9. _______ under a tree and went to the Computer Club where I could send e-mails to my family and friends 10. _________ of charge.
Keys: 1-5 expericenced headmaster average improved extra
6-10 stop Homework challenging relaxed free
[设计思路：通过任务型阅读填空的形式，帮助同学进一步巩固课文内容并再次理清文章概要]
Step 5. Discussion
1. [groupwork] Suppose you were Daniel, a UK student in China on a student exchange programme, write a passage for him entitled “School life in China”. Discuss what will be covered in the passage. Draw the outline and present.
[设计思路]：了解了中国学生在英国的感受，让学生换个角度，谈一谈英国学生在中国学习的感受。一方面让学生创设了情境，让学生运用学到的语言，同时，也促使学生以新的视角来看待自己周围的学习、生活。
Step 6. Homework
1. Revise the text and do part E.
2. Prepare for an interview with Wei Hua.
一，教学课型：阅读课
阅读课是学生综合运用所学语法、词汇和功能等知识，认真阅读文章，达到帮助其学习语言、文化等方面的知识，形成良好的阅读策略，提高阅读理解能力的课型。
教学任务有以下：
复习巩固所学词汇。
逐步阅读课文，达到深层次理解。
渗透阅读方法。
二，教材分析
教材内容（见课本page42）
教材处理
《牛津高中英语。学生用书》所选的文章不仅题材广泛、内容丰富、文化意识强、内涵丰富，而且体裁多样，涵盖了说明文、议论文、小说、戏剧、记叙文等，为学生学习语言提供了丰富多彩的素材。本课教材节选Ann一个加拿大女孩的五篇游记，把她在Pompeii和Loulan两处的所见、所闻、所感、所思展示出来。教师可以呈现出与这两处有关的简单的对错问题让学生轻松答题，然后过渡到具体的问题，达到深一层次理解，再者对两个古代城市进行比较归纳，对文章达到更深地理解，最后升华主题，唤起人们保护世界文化遗传的意识。
教学目标
(1)通过阅读短文，了解两处失落的文明--Pompeii和Loulan.
(2)提高学生阅读能力。
(3)提高学生语言运用能力。
教材重点和难点
(1)引导学生归纳短文、比较两个古代城市的异同。
(2)引导学生升华主题，增强人们保护世界文化遗产意识。
三，教学设计
（-）设计思想
本节课是在多媒体教学环境下实施的大容量、快节奏的课堂教学。教师首先让学生复习回顾与本篇文章相关联的词汇，接着运用略读、寻读、跳读等阅读方法，对所节选的五篇游记从不同层次，由浅入深、由表及里，逐层推进地进行阅读，从而达到对文章深层次的理解。根据文章的描述，培养学生保护世界各国文化遗产、文明古迹的意识，同时让学生思考如何去保护文化遗产和文明古迹：逐渐实现从语言的输入和内化到语言成果的输出，提高学生应用语言的能力。
（二）教学过程
Step1 .Revision
Go over the words
Match the words with their definitions
( ) 1.take over A place a dead body in a grave
( ) 2.erupt B rich
( ) 3.unfoutunately C huge
( ) 4.hawre D take control of
( ) 5.wealthy E sadly ,unluckily
( ) 6.ruins F provide space for
( ) 7.enormous G parts of a building that
remain after it has been badly
damaged or destroyed. .
( ) 8. .bury H (of a volcano)throw out lava and ash
[设计说明]
该教学步骤复习巩固所学的有关词汇，同时为接下来的阅读扫清了障碍。
Step2.leading-in
1. T: Now let’s talk about two questions with your partners?
Can you name some buildings that would represent ancient civilizations in China?
What does the title Lost Civilizations mean?
2.T:In this passage,, there are two lost civilizations .What are they? (showing some pictures of Pompeii and Loulan)
T: Do you know which place these pictures describe ?
S: Pompeii
T: Do you know which place these pictures describe ?
S: Loulan
T: Have you ever been to Pompeii and Loulan ?
S: _________
T: Have you known about them ?
S: _________
T: Would you like to visit them?
S: __________
Now let’s go with Ann together.
[设计说明]
通过问题讨论链接中国古代文明，感性认识现存文明与失落文明的含义。通过逼真的图片让学生初步认识Pompeii和Loulan，增强学生对课文的阅读兴趣，并自然地引出本课的话题，与作者一起游历两古城遗迹。
Step3 Reading
1读前(pre-reading)
教师通过放录音,让学生跟着录音浸入课文，初步了解大意，同时也注意了语音语调。
2读中（while-reading）
T: Now read the passage quickly and answer the following “T” or “F” questions.
A. The author is going to China by air next week.( Day1-15th July)
The city of Pompeii was founded in the 7th century BC.(Day2-16th July)
C. The city of Pompeii wasn’t found until the 18th century.( Day3-17th July)
D. Loulan was a stopping point on the famous silk road between the east and the west almost years age (Day10 –24th July )
E. Pompeii and Loulan were lost for the same reason.(Day11-25th July )
(2)T: Now read the passage carefully and answer the following wh-questions.
A. What happened to Pompeii in August AD79?
B How was the buried city discovered ?
C Where were the stepping stones along the road in Pompeii used for ?
D. Why was Loulan an important city about 2000 years ago?
How do many people think Loulan disappeared?
F. What is one main similarity between Pompeii and Loulan?
(3)T: Now read the passage more carefully and fill in the following blanks with proper words and phrases
Pompeii Loulan
Where was it located ① China
When was it founded? In the 8th century BC ②
What kind of city was it? A rich city ③
Why was it destroyed? ④ ⑤
How was it discovered In the 18 century ,a farmer found some stone with writing on it, then people started to dig ⑥
What can you find about the city now ? Streets with ⑦,houses with⑧,bodies of people that had been turned to stone the city walls,⑨, ⑩ that ran through the middle of the city
(4)Choose the best answer according to the passage.
( ) A. Which of the following statements is not true?
a. Both of the two cities were lost civilizations about 2000 years ago.
b. Both of the two cities were discovered by local people.
c. Pompeii was destroyed by a volcano while Loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms.
d. Pompeii was in Italy while Loulan was in China.
( ) B. The purpose of writing this passage is ____
a. show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the sites.
b. to arouse people’s sense of protecting civilizations.
c. to compare the civilizations of Pompeii and Loulan destroyed.
d. to tell us how Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed.
[设计说明]
该环节通过表面理解→深层理解→比较异同→归纳总结这样四个步骤对全文作全面理解。
3读后（post-reading）
T: As we all know there were lots of ancient civilizations in the world in history.
Some of them have disappeared while others remain today .such as the Great wall, the Terracotta Warriors ,the Hanging Gardens ,Pyramids and so on (showing some pictures of them)
Now let’s discuss in groups.
(1)If you have a chance ,which place would you like to visit most? Why?
T :From the passage we know Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed by nature.
But I think human may also destroy our civilizations. If we want to make our civilizations exist for ever, I think we should make people have the sense of protecting our civilizations
Now let’s discuss in groups.
(2) What can we do to make people have the sense at protesting our civilizations?
(设计说明)
以上两个问题展开小组讨论.该教学活动旨在提高学生用英语表达观点的能力,同时进行德育渗透，培养学生保护文化遗产的意识。并通过小组讨论培养学生的合作意识。
Step4 Consolidation
做学生用书Part E、F Page.45
Step5 Summary
通过本课时的学习，让学生全面深刻地理解了课文，提高了能力。
Step6 Homework
预习课文上的语言点，为阅读课第二课时作准备。
牛津高一英语M3U2 Language复习学案（1）
词汇及句型
I 词性与词形
1. confuse vt. 使迷惑； 混淆→ confusing adj. 令人迷惑的； confused 糊涂的 → confusion n. 混乱；混淆
2. Europe n. 欧洲 → European adj. 欧洲的；欧洲人的 → European n. 欧洲人
3. mix vt. 混合 →mixture n.混合，混合体
4. create vt. 创作；创造→ creative adj. 创造性的；有创造力的 → creation n. 创造； creativity 创造性，创造力； creature(上帝创造的)生物
5. contribute v. 贡献，捐献，促成 →contribution n. 贡献，捐献； contributor 贡献者 → contributory adj. 捐助的，有贡献的
6. access n. 通道；（使用的）机会，权利 vt .进入，使用 →accessible adj. 可(或易)接近的;可(或易)进入的; 可(或易)得到的;可(或易)使用的[(+to)]
7. replace vt. 取代；把……放回原处 →replacement n. 取代；放回原处 → replaceable adj. 能够被取代的
8. serve v. 服务，服役；上(菜等)，敬(烟等) → service n. 服务，服役 →servant n.仆人
9. adopt v. 采取，采纳；收养→adoption n. 收养；采纳→ adoptive adj. 收养的；采纳的
10. embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使难堪 →embarrassing adj.令人难堪的 embarrassed adj.难堪的
11. pronounce vt. 发音 → pronunciation n. 读音，发音
12. process vt. 加工，处理 → process n. 过程 → processed adj. 加工过的
13. difficulty n. 困难，难点 →difficult adj. 困难的
14. appearance n. 外观，外貌 appear vi. 出现;显露; 似乎,看来好像
15. simplify vt.简化 simple adj. 简单的 simplified adj. 简化的
16.distinguish vt.区分，辨别 distinction n. 区别，差别
17.convenient adj.方便的 convenience n. 方便，便利
II. 词组
1. stand for 代表
2. all over the world 全世界
3. name after 以…命名
4. be made up of / consist of 由…..组成，构成
5. mix…..with….. 把…..与…..混合
6. pick up 拿起，拣起，中途搭人，偶然间习得，接送
7. contribute to 是……成因之一
make contributions to 对…做出贡献
8. result in 结果， 导致 （lead to）
result from 由于， 因为
as a result of 由于……的结果
9. take control of 控制
10. work as 担当， 担任
work on 致力于，从事
11. mother tongue / language 母语
12. take the place of 取代， 代替
be replaced by/with 被…….取代
13. depend on 视….. 而定，取决与 it all depends 视情况而定
14. relay on 依靠， 依赖
15. come into widespread use 开始广泛应用
16. get along with 进展， 相处
17. up and down 上上下下
18. for the first time 第一次
19. look into one’s eyes直视某人
20. make fun of 取笑
21. in a word 一句话， 总之， 简言之in other words 换句话说
22. differ from….in….. 在….方面和…….不同
23. as a whole 总体上
24. turn into 使…..变成
25. confusing rules令人困惑的规则
26. look forward to sth / doing 希望得到某物, 希望做事情
27. borrow words from other languages 从别的语言借用词语
28. set a standard for sth 为什么制订标准
29. official language 官方语言
30. throughout history贯穿历史
31. official occasions官方场合
32. aside from 除…之外
33. go through 经历；遭受
34. in conclusion 总之
35. show respect for 尊敬
36. in that 因为，由于
37. over time 随着时间的过去，经过一段时间
38. ought to 应该，应当
III 句子
1. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.(虚拟)
2. After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English. (while 并列连词，表示对照比较)
3. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
(主语﹢be﹢adj. ﹢动词不定式的主动形式作状语)
4. It is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying.(It 为形式主语)
5. The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that，instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
6. Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects
7. While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.（while 引导让步状语从句）
8. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’, which are opposites of each other.
1 assume vt.假设，设想，认为
(教材P3)．..，she assumed that Kelly was having a bad dream，and sent her back to bed.她认为凯莉做恶梦了，把她打发回床上睡觉了。
归纳拓展
①(朗文P103)It is assumed that they will eventually join the EU.人们认为他们最终会加入欧盟。
②(牛津P104)I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
我本以为他是比利时人。
③Assuming (that) he’s still alive，how old would he be now？假定他还活着，现在有多大年纪了？
2 occur vi.发生；想到；出现；存在
(教材P3)Mr.Foster was working that night on his road construction job，and was not home when these events occurred.
当那些事情发生时，福斯特先生那晚正在修路没回家。
归纳拓展
【辨析】 happen，occur，take place
happen常用来表示“偶然，碰巧”，而且多指整个情况，这时不能用另外两个词代替。
occur多用来指具体事情的发生，虽然也可指偶然性，但与happen相比程度较弱。
take place 作“发生”解时较为正式，不带有偶然之义，并经常用来指经事先安排的事情。
①It didn’t occur to me that there’d be a big festival on at the same time as my holiday.我原先没想到我度假的同时那里刚好要庆祝一个盛大的节日。
②(朗文P1412) I washed it in the water-it never occurred to me to check the label.我用水把它洗了--根本没想到看一下标签。
③(牛津P1377)When exactly did the incident occur?
这一事件究竟是什么时候发生的？
3 strength n．力量，力气
(教材P18)In one case，a group of engineers ran after the creature，which moved with amazing speed and strength.
有一次，一队工程师们追赶野人，野人却以惊人的速度和体力奔跑起来。
归纳拓展
【辨析】 strength，energy，force，power
strength 指(物的)强度、(人的)力气，尤指承受重物的力量。还可指人的强项、长处。
energy 含义是物理定义“能”。用于人时，指人的精力、工作能力，还可指能量、能源。
force 指物理学上的力，尤指人或物撞击或推动物体时所用的力；也指为做成某事而使用的力量，还可指武力、强制力、效力。
power 可指一切内存的、外来的、具体的或抽象的力，可引申为势力、政权等；也指电力、动力、功率。
①(朗文P2039)Sarah hugged her brother with all her strength.萨拉使尽全力拥抱她弟弟。
②(牛津P)It may take a few weeks for you to build up your strength again.可能需要几个星期你才能恢复体力。
③The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。
4 convince vt.使确信，使相信
(教材P18)He became convinced they exist.
他相信野人的存在。
归纳拓展
①I was convinced he would be more famous than Chaplin.我相信他将比卓别林更出名。
②(朗文P443)He’ll try to convince you of Mitchell’s innocence.他会设法使你相信米切尔是无辜的。
③(牛津P438)I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.我一直劝他去看病。
5 survive v．幸存，挺过难关；生存
(教材P18)In his opinion，this animal made its way to other parts of the world，and continues to survive even today.
在他看来，这种动物到了世界其他地区，继续生存直到如今。
归纳拓展
①To survive in the forest，animals must climb from tree to tree.要想在森林里生存下来，动物必须有爬树的本领。
②He’ll show everyone he can survive as a single parent.他要让大家看看，他作为单亲家长能挺过来。
③She survived her husband by ten years.丈夫死后她又活了十年。
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．Tickets are $9，with a $2____________for kids.
2．Employees may still be____________for using illegal drugs at work.
3．Reporters were not allowed to go____________the plane.
4．The _________that boys are good at maths and girls are not is clearly wrong.
5．Police are on the _________of a gang that robbed five women last month.
6．He fell over and suffered an____________to his head.
7．The ____________ of people here were from Africa.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(南京市高三模拟考试)-How are you getting along with your project?
-I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me _____I could work with my roommate Tim.
A．thatB．how
C．why D．Whether
解析：选A。考查名词性从句。从句I could work with my roommate Tim句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。
2．(2012盐城市高三年级调研考)
Failure to face up to painful experience can be________form of stress itself，and can increase________ possibility of illness.
A．the；/ B．a；a
C．a；the D．/；the
解析：选C。考查冠词的用法。句意：不能面对痛苦经历本身就是一种形式的压力，而且它能增加患病的可能性。根据语意可知第一空表示泛指，用不定冠词a，a form of意为“……的一种形式”，第二空表示特指，因此用定冠词the。
3．(2012南京市金陵中学高三模拟考试)In the next five years，the government’s work will be evaluated ________ on peoplet’s happiness level instead of GDP alone.
A．based B．to be based
C．basing D．having based
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。根据语意及句子结构可知，此处表示根据人民的幸福指数来衡量政府的工作，based on...是过去分词作状语。
4．There is solid evidence________ watching 3D movies can have some side effects on the viewers.
A．what B．that
C．which D．how
解析：选B。考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，引导词在从句中不作成分，也没有意义，因此用that引导同位语从句，作解释说明。
5．China’s solar-powered satellite Chang’e Ⅱ has successfully________the test of a lunar eclipse that occurred on December 21,.
A．conducted B．experienced
C．survived D．Stood
解析：选D。考查动词辨析。句意：中国以太阳能为动力的人造卫星“嫦娥二号”成功地经受了发生在12月21日的月食的考验。动词stand表示“经得起，经受，承受”，合乎语意。conduct“执行，组织”；experience“经历，体会”；survive“生存，存活”。
6．________that her mother would come back soon，the girl calmed down.
A．Having convinced
B．Being convinced
C．Convincing
D．Convinced
解析：选D。句意：当那个小女孩相信妈妈很快就要回来时她安静了下来。convince表示“使相信”，这里convince和句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用convinced短语作原因状语。
7．I looked for a job for weeks but had no luck.In the beginning，I felt ________，but then my mood improved.
A．enthusiastic B．hopeless
C．guilty D．astonished
解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。由于几个星期没有找到工作，开始的时候我感觉没希望，因此选择hopeless
“绝望的，没有希望的”。
短语精释
6 due to 因为，由于
(教材P2)This incident has received great interest due to reports of strange lights in the sky and of alien visits around the time the boy disappeared.该事件引起了公众的极大兴趣，原因是各种有关男孩失踪前后天空中出现奇怪光亮和外星人来访地球的新闻报道。
归纳拓展
①(牛津P621)Most of the problems were due to human error.多数问题都是人为错误造成的。
②(朗文P631)Our book’s not due to be published until December.我们的书预计要到12月份才能出版。
③After he was fired，the company failed to pay him the commissions due to him.
他被解雇后，公司没有支付应该给他的佣金。
7 show up 出现，露面；现身
(教材P3)When Justin did not show up for lunch the next day，Mrs Foster became worried and told her husband to call the police. 到第二天中午吃午饭的时候，贾斯廷仍然没有露面，福斯特夫人开始担心了，就让丈夫打电话报警。
归纳拓展
①(朗文P1896)Her tumor didn’t show up on the scan.她的肿瘤在扫描仪上看不出来。
②(牛津P1853)Has anyone shown you around yet?有没有人带你四处走走？
③She wanted to show off her new husband at the party.她想在聚会上炫耀自己的新婚丈夫。
8 make up 编造，杜撰，构成
(教材P3)Sometimes people make up such amazing stories.人们有时候编造这种耸人听闻的故事。
归纳拓展
【辨析】 make up，be made up of，consist of
make up用部分作主语，表示“部分构成整体”，用于主动语态。
be made up of 用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分构成”。
consist of 用整体作主语，表示“整体由部分构成”，引申为“包含有”，不能用于被动语态。
①Non-Han people make up nearly 30% of Yunnan’s population.非汉族人口几乎占云南人口的30%。
②They have quarreled seriously three times but each time they have made up and become best friends again.她们之间发生过三次大的争吵，但每次都重归于好。
③They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.他们把他打扮成一个老头，出演这出戏的最后一幕。
④(朗文P1246)Oh，she wouldn’t make up a story like that.呀，她不会编造那样一个故事。
⑤(牛津P1222)They made up a bed for me on the sofa.他们给我在沙发上铺了个床位。
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．We_______________home after work.
2．I have been there________________times.
3．They are________________the population problem.
4．The policeman jumped out of the car and ______________ the thief.
5．Local groups are____________their anti-drug campaign.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．由于粗心他失败了。
He failed ______________________.
2．我的教学风格和多数教师相似。
My teaching style _______________ that of most other teachers.
3．我们等了他整整一上午，但他始终没有露面。
We waited for him all morning but he_________________________.
4．那个公交车司机正加速行驶以补回失去的时间。
The bus driver was speeding ________________ lost time.
5．别忘记带上你的东西。
Don’t forget the things _____________________ you.
Ⅲ.单项填空
1．(2012苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查二)The two military exercises were similar________ they were both intended to give a threat to a certain country.
A．to what B．for which
C．in that D．except that
解析：选C。根据语意可知，前后两个句子之间有因果关系，故应用in that，表示“因为”。句意：这两次军事演习是类似的，因为它们都旨在威胁某国。
2．He stared at the empty bottle for a while，feeling happy that he had sent the butterfly back________it belonged－nature.
A．to which B．that
C．which D．to where
解析：选D。考查短语及宾语从句。send sth.back to表示“送回”；此处where引导to后的宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。
3．As neither of us would ________，the bargain came to nothing.
A．give in B．give out
C．give away D．give off
解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于双方都不让步，协商最终没有结果。give in投降，屈服，让步；give out分发，公布，用尽；give away捐赠，丧失，泄露；give off发出(
气味、热、光等)。
4．The world today needs those who have a high sense of duty；just due to ________，they are playing an important role in promoting social progress and world peace.
A．one B．it
C．them D．which
解析：选B。考查代词。it指代上文a high sense of duty。今天，世界需要那些有高度责任感的人，正因为这样，他们在促进社会进步和世界和平方面发挥着重要作用。
5．The USA plans arms sale to Taiwan，which forces China to________its modernization process in national defence.
A．set up B．build up
C．take up D．step up
解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。set up建立；build up增强；take up 着手；step up加速。step up its modernization process in national defence加快国防现代化进程。
句型精析
9 (教材P2)Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
里面站着许多白皮肤，眼睛又黑又大的怪物。
【点津】 这是一个完全倒装句，主语是lots of strange creatures，谓语动词是were standing，with white skin and large black eyes是定语，修饰creatures。因为主语较长，句子使用完全倒装避免了头重脚轻，这种句式常用结构有：分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语。
①Lying on the floor was a wounded peasant boy.躺在地板上的是一个受伤的农家男孩。
②Seated on the grass are a group of young students.坐在草地上的是一群青年学生。
③Higher up are the temples built in ancient China.再往高处去就是古代中国修建的庙宇。
10 (教材P18)The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal...
据说野人身材魁梧，全身毛发……
【点津】 “主语＋be said to be doing/to do/to have done...”意为“据说主语正在做……/要做……/曾经做过……”，主语可以是人，也可以是物，相当于It is said that＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分。注意两个句型互相转换时谓语动词要做相应的变化。
可以用于此结构的动词还有：think，report，believe，suppose，expect，suggest，find等。
①She is said to want to become a teacher in the future.
＝It is said that she wants to be a teacher in the future.
据说她将来想当老师。
②She is said to be writing a book.＝It is said that she is writing a book.据说她正在写书。
③Scientists are said to have found the treatment for the disease.
＝It’s said that scientists have found the treatment for the disease.
据说科学家们已经找到了这种疾病的治疗方法。
跟踪训练
Ⅰ.句型转换
1．The book is expected to be the best-seller this year.
→________________________________________________________________
2．A girl was seated on the ground playing the guitar.(变为倒装句)
→________________________________________________________________
3．She is a lovely girl，but she can be extremely difficult to work with.
→______________________she is a lovely girl，she can be extremely difficult to work with.
4．They wanted to see what the elephant looked like，so they asked the driver to stop.
→They asked the driver to stop _________________ they ________ see what the elephant looked like.
5．It’s possible for him to attend the meeting.
→There’s ________________________ he will attend the meeting.
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2012南通市高三调研测试)Is there any possibility________ the little girl can be the champion in the London Olympics?
A．that B．which
C．if D．whether
解析：选A。考查同位语从句。that引导的从句是对possibility的内容的具体解释，两者之间构成同位语关系，据此选A项。
2．When ________why he walked in without permission，he just stared at us and said nothing.
A．ask B．asked
C．asking D．to be asked
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：当问他为什么未经允许就进来的时候，他只是盯着我们什么话也不说。ask的逻辑主语为he，两者为动宾关系，故用asked。
3．In this contest a medal with ten thousand dollars________gains success in ten seconds putting the sticks in place.
A．is given to whoever B．are given to anyone who
C．gives to whomeverD．give to everyone
解析：选A。考查主谓一致和被动语态。句子主语为a medal故谓语动词应用单数，又因为give与medal是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。
4．(2010高考课标全国卷)Mary made coffee________ her guests were finishing their meal.
A．so that B．although
C．while D．as if
解析：选C。句意：客人们就要吃完饭的时候，玛丽煮了咖啡。so that以便，为了，用来引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句。although虽然，尽管，用来引导让步状语从句。while①在……期间，当……的时候，用来引导时间状语从句；②然而，而(＝but)，表示对比。as if(＝as though)仿佛，好像，用来引导方式状语从句。从句意可知C项正确。
5．(高考山东卷)He had his camera ready________he saw something that would make a good picture.
A．even if B．if only
C．in case D．so that
解析：选C。句意：他准备好了照相机，以防看到他能够拍下来的好画
面。本题考查状语从句。A项意为“尽管，即使”；B项意为“要是……就好了”；C项意为“以防，
万一”；D项意为“为了”。
句型公式妙笔生花
1．as，though，although引导让步状语从句
Although/Though I’m young，I already know what career I want to follow.→Young as/though I am，I already know what career I want to follow.我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追求什么样的事业。
Although he tried，he couldn’t solve the problem.→Try as he might，he couldn’t solve the problem.
尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。
2．...before“没来得及……就……”
To my great disappointment，my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.让我非常失望的是，我还没来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。
3．...before...“过了多久才……”或“动作进行到什么程度才……”
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。
4．It was＋时间段＋before...“过了多久才……”/It was not long before...
“不久就……”
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
5．It will(not)be＋时间段＋before.....“要过多久(不久)……才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.再过半年你才能毕业。
核心单词
Ⅰ.语境填词
She was shocked by the violent scenes she had __________(目击)．
2．He was ____________(奖赏)a medal for bravery.
3．A terrible thought ____________(闪现) through my mind.
4．Many birds didn’t ____________(生存) the severe winter.
5．I don’t think it would be the right thing to do.So I ____________(不同意) with you.
6．Hearing the joke，they burst into ____________(大笑)．
7．The detective told us he wouldn’t give up until he found convincing ______________(证据)．
8．I am ____________(确信)that she is innocent.
9．You don’t sound very ____________(热心的)about the idea.
10．We do not fully understand how the brain is __________(构成)．
11．The book was written in a style ____________(适合的)to the age of the children.
12．The doctor ___________(检查)
her but could find nothing wrong.
Ⅱ.词汇活用
1．They are ____________with the ____________question.(puzzle)
2．No one knows how the universe came into ____________and if life____________on other planets.(exist)
3．There’s now no____________that she will make a full recovery，so it’s ____________to return to work.(possible)
4．They lack the sense of ____________.As a result，they don’t think the play ____________.(humour)
5．The man who saved the boy ____________from his sight but he’ll never forget the kind man’s ____________.(appear)
高频短语
1．________________ 加紧，加强，促进
2．________________ 由于，因为
3．________________ 出现，露面
4．________________ 对……做研究
5．________________ 调查；检查
6．________________ 编造，捏造，杜撰
7．________________ 放弃
8．________________ 报告做……
9．________________ 和……相似
10．________________ 许多，很多
11．________________ 追赶
12．________________ 属于
13．__________________ 前往……，到……去
典型句式
1．完全倒装
________________ were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
里面站着许多白皮肤，眼睛又黑又大的奇怪生物。
2．让步状语从句
So，________we have not dismissed the idea，we are looking into other possibilities as well. 所以，尽管我们不排除这种想法，但是我们也在调查其他的可能性。
3．目的状语从句
The aliens took me aboard the UFO ________________ they could do research on me.
外星人把我带到UFO的船舱里，目的是对我做研究。
4．主语＋be said to do/to be doing/to have done...
The Yeti is ________________________a large，hairy animal.... 据说雪人身体庞大，毛茸茸的……
单元语法
1．-Hurry，John!
-Oh，I am too tired and can’t walk any further.I________ for hours.
A．had walked B．walked
C．have been walking D．am walking
解析：选C。句意：--约翰，快点！--噢，我太累了，走不动了。我已经走了几个小时了。表示从过去几个小时前到现在一直在走，且有可能继续走下去，故应用现在完成进行时。
2.Miss Li________as a secretary for five years in the company，and now she is a general manager of it.
A．works B．worked
C．has worked D．had worked
解析：选B。从后面and now看出，李小姐做了五年的公司秘书这件事情发生在过去，现在她已经不是了。根据判断work是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时，故选B。
3．-Are you going to further your studies after graduation?
-Well，I________yet.I might make some other choices.
A．didn’t decide B．haven’t decided
C．don’t decide D．hadn’t decided
解析：选B。句意：--毕业后你打算进修吗？--哦，我还没有决定。我可能会做其他选择。由题意可知应用现在完成时，故选B。
4．(2011高考山东卷)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children________everything!
A．had been eating
B．had eaten
C．have eaten
D．have been eating
解析：选B。句意：发现冰箱空了她很吃惊，孩子们已经吃光了一切！本题考查动词时态。孩子们吃光冰箱里的东西发生在She was surprised to find...之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，故选B。
5．(2011高考陕西卷)His first novel________good reviews since it came out last month.
A．receives
B．is receiving
C．will receive
D．has received
解析：选D。句意：他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来受到了良好的评价。本题考查动词的时态。根据since it came out last month可知本句应用现在完成时，故选择D项。
一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。
一、完全倒装（主谓倒装）是指把谓语全部提到主语的前面。 例：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.
1.以here, there，now, then引导的句子，要完全倒装。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如：Here comes the train! / There goes the bell!
注意：若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2句首是拟声词或 out , in , up ,away , down 等副词，句子要完全倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。） 如：Up went the rocket. /Up it went.
3. 介词短语作状语在句首，句子要完全倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。
如：In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：Gone are the days when we ha nothing to eat.
5.so/ neither/ nor 表前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so/ neither/ nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：She has finished her homework, so has her brother.
She hasn’t gone there, neither/ nor has he.
二、部分倒装（助动词倒装）是指把谓语的一部分（助动词）提到主语的前面。 例： Never in my life have I seen such a thing.
1.用于疑问句中。如：How did you do that? Did you see the film yesterday?
2. if 从句中如有 were ( had , should ) , if 省去后，要部分倒装,把were，had，should提到主语前面。如：
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
---Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.as 引导的让步状语从句，要部分倒装（表语、状语倒装）。有以下几种形式：
1） 副词置于句首。如：Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.
2） 动词置于句首。如：Wait as you may (= Although you may wait), he will not see you.
3） 形容词或名词置于句首。如：Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.句首为否定词或否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装。 ( not , not only , never , little , seldom , not until, hardly ( scarcely ) , no sooner, not once, at no time,... )
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only 在句首引导状语，或not until 引导的状语在句首，主句要部分倒装。如：
Only then did I realize the important of English. / Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents’ intentions.
但若only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。如：Only socialism can save China. (only修饰句子的主语，仍用正常语序)
6.not only ... but also ... 引导两个并列句，前倒后不倒。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.
7.在以often, well, many a time, now and again等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构
Many a time has John given me good advice. / Often have we made that test.
8. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!
9. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so 所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.---So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.
--So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.(全部倒装)
10.状语位于句首表示强调或使句子平衡，或使上下文紧密衔接，句子要部分倒装。
倒装句的用法
1 . 在以 here , there , in , out , up , down , away , back , now , then 等副词开头的句子里，如果主语是名词，常用全部倒装。
Out rushed the boys . /Then followed three days of heavy rain .
若代词作主语，只把该副词提前主谓语序不变。Here he comes . / Here it is .
2 . 当句首状语是表示地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装。 South of the city lies a big steel factory .
3 . 以带有否定意义而且修饰全句的词开头的句子，要用“部分倒装”语序 ( 倒装的方法跟变一般疑问句的方法相似 ) 。这类常见词有 never , hardly , seldom , not , not only , not until ( 引导从句时，主句“部分倒装” ) ，little , rarely , no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when。 例:Never shall I do this again .
其中 no sooner . . . than , hardly . . . when , scarcely . . . when 表示“一……就……”的意思。no sooner , hardly , scarcely 引出的主句要用“部分倒装”形式的过去完成时，than , when 引出的从句用过去时。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain .
如果带有否定意义的词不是修饰全句，只是修饰主语，那么句子的主谓不必倒装。
Scarcely a sound came from among the crowd .
4 . so 修饰形容词或副词，only 修饰副词或状语放在句首时“部分倒装”。
So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment . /Only in this way can you master English .
如果 only 修饰主语，句子则不倒装。 例如:Only Wang Lin knows this .
5. neither , nor 或 no more 放在句首，作“也不”讲时，所引导的句子部分倒装。He can’ t answer the question . Neither can I .
6.为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，需倒装。
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil .
7.由 as , though ( although ) 引导的表示“虽然”，“尽管”的让步状语从句，用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语或状语等放在 as 的前面。
1.______can you expect to get a pay rise.（北京春季卷）
A. With hard work B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
2.I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.（重庆卷）
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
3.----I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. ----______. (2004全国卷)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. same with me D. So do I
4. ____snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（2004上海卷）
A.Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring C. Not only brought they D.Not only they did bring
5____about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(江苏卷)
A.So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
6. -David has made great progress recently. -_____,and _____. (2005上海卷)
A.So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have
7.Maybe you have been to many countries,but nowhere else____such a beautiful palace.（辽宁卷）
A．can you find B．you could find C．you can find D．could you find
8.______, Carolina couldn't get the door open. (05广东卷)
A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try
9.Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （2005上海卷）
A. has this city been B. this city has been C. was this city D. this city was
10._____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （05重庆卷）
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
11.In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.（2005辽宁卷）
A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes C．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand
(key:CDBBB BAAAB B)
1.only所修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。（1、2题）
2.含有否定意义的副词(not until, never, hardly, seldom, little, not,neither, nor, scarcely等)位于句首时,谓语动词要部分倒装。（7、9）
3. Not only放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。（4题）
4.so位于句首,表示前面的内容也适用于另一人或物时;neither,nor位于句首表示另一人或物也不这样时,谓语动词要用部分倒装。(3,6)
5. so... that...结构中表示程度的副词so位于句首时要用部分倒装。（5题）
6.为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调状语或表语,或使上下文紧密衔接时,谓语动词要全部倒装。（11题）
7.as引导让步状语从句时,从句中表语、谓语要倒装,注意:如果从句的表语是可数名词单数,且该名词前又没有形容词修饰时,其名词前不加冠词.（8、10题）
Teaching aims & demands:
To develop students’ ability of reading a play
To know about American family life and problems that happen between American teenagers and their parents
To form a positive attitude towards solving problems between teenagers and parents
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
1. Revision: Guess the words
(1). a dirty or untidy state _______
(2). give a reason for something _______
(3). believe that somebody is good_______
(4). something worthless or of low quality_______
(5). a person between a child and a grown-up _______
(6). not polite_______
(7). without being punished_______
(8). grown-up_______
2. Group work
Talk about the four pictures on P21
List some problems with parents.
①____________ ②_____________ ③_____________
(2) How to solve these problems.
①____________ ②_____________ ③_____________
Step 2: Reading strategy
Please go through the Reading strategy and tell how to read a play.
1.It is often in the form of ___ _________.
2.It usually includes_________ ______, and each act can have_________ _______.
3.The words or speeches in a play are very________, and some of the words in a sentence are______ _____.
4.There are some helpful _____________in a play.
5.It should be_____ ________.
Step 3: Fast reading
Get students to read the play and finish Part A individually.
How many acts are there in this play? And how many scenes in each act?
Step 4: Detailed reading
1. Listening and complete C1 on P24.
2. Please read Act One of the play carefully and fill in the form
Characters Things they do Feelings
Mom and Dad
Eric
Daniel
2. Please read Act Two carefully and fill in form:
Characters Things they do Feelings
Daniel
Eric
Mom
Dad
Step 5: Careful reading
1. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. what Mom and Dad did after they returned from vacation.
B. what Daniel and Eric did at home.
C. the reason why the dog was tired and hungry
D. a big quarrel that an American family had
2. Mom and Dad left Daniel in charge at home because ______.
A. he was an adult B. he was the youngest
C. they liked him very much
D. they thought he could take good care of everything while they were away.
3. Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The children were very excited when their parents came back a day earlier than expected.
B. The children didn’t use the money for themselves.
C. Daniel was left in charge at home while their parents were away.
D. Eric wanted to tell his parents what had happened, but Daniel said they didn’t need to.
4. The main reason for their quarrel is that ______.
A. Daniel was too rude.
B. Eric didn’t tell his parents what had happened
C. the parents blamed Daniel without giving him a chance to explain
D. Daniel and Eric didn’t behave well at home.
Step 6: Post reading
Fill the missing words in the blanks to complete the summary of the play.
Mom and Dad arrived back from v_______ earlier than e_______ in order to give the boys a s_______. They got so a____. When they saw the house was in a m___ that Dad shouted at D____, the elder brother, who was in c______ of the house when they were away. Daniel s_______ the door to show his anger, because their parents never gave him a c_____ to explain. E___, the younger brother, wanted to explain to his parents what had h_______, but Daniel didn't think that their parents d______ to know the truth.
At the end of the play, both Mom and Dad thought maybe they were too h___on the boys. However, Dad decided to p_____ Daniel for his rudeness so that he would show r_____ for his parents in future.
Step 7: Discussion
1. If you were Eric or Daniel ,what will you do?
2. Find some adj. to describe good parents in your eyes.
They should be__________, __________, __________,__________...
3. How do you deal with the relationship between you and your parents?
We should _______, ________, _______, ________...our parents.
3. The word “family” means “f_______ a_____ m______ I l_____ y_____”.
Step 8: Homework
1. Role-play the dialogue in groups of five.
(Divide students into groups of five and one is the narrator and the others are the main characters. Role-play Act One and Act Two.)
2. Reading comprehension
There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.
Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current (当前的)activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.
The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation （动力）and desire（欲望） will increase.
Long-term goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit（限制） us or our course of action.
1. Our long-term goals mean a lot ________.
A. if we cannot reach solid short-term goals
B. if we complete the short-term goals。
C. if we have dreams of the future
D. if we put forward some plans
2. New short-term goals are built upon________.
A. a daily basis B. your achievement in a week
C. current activities D. the goals that have been completed
3. When we complete each step of our goals, _____________.
A. we will win final success B. we are overwhelmed
C. we should build up confidence of success
D. we should have strong desire for setting new goals
4. What is the main idea of this passage? _____________
A. Life is dynamic thing. B. We should set up long-term goals.
C. Different kinds of goals in life. D. The limitation of long-term goals.
5. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? _____________
A. The long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals.
B. The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals.
C. Life is a static thing, thus we should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.
D. We should often add new short-term goals to those which have been completed.
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