接团导游词北京英语

下面是小编为大家整理的接团导游词北京英语，本文共8篇，以供大家参考借鉴!

The Great Wall is one of the most famous wonders in the world. It is like a giant dragon in the vast land of northern China. It is not only the crystallization of the blood law of the ancient Chinese working people, but also the symbol of ancient Chinese culture and the pride of the Chinese nation.

Tourists, we have come to the famous Badaling Great Wall. If you look at it from a distance, you can see that the great wall here is divided into South and North peaks, winding on the ridge. The scenery is very spectacular. Looking down, there are two door openings and a U-shaped city wall. There were crenels on both sides of the wall to resist the enemy. If the enemy breaks through the gate and rushes into the city, he will be surrounded and annihilated by the garrison on all sides, and the enemy will fall into the urn. Wengcheng is an important part of the Great Wall. It is generally built on the roads with dangerous terrain. The urn in Badaling is no exception. Built on the ridge, restricted by the terrain, it is low in the East and high in the west, narrow in the East and wide in the west, only 5000 square meters. There is no well in the urn City, and there is a lack of water. Usually, there are not many troops stationed. The garrison troops are stationed in Chadao City, three li northwest. There is a “Chayuan mansion” in the Central Plains of Wengcheng, which is for the emperor to stay or officials to stay. The distance between the two gates of the urn city is 63.9 meters. On the lintel of the west gate is inscribed “lock and key of the North Gate”. I have already explained its purpose.

On the gate hole, Gujin is equipped with a huge double leaf wooden door with wooden top posts and locks. In peacetime, the gate is open for pedestrians and business travelers to enter and leave freely; in wartime, the gate is closed and firm; once the counterattack order is issued, the gate hole is the exit for thousands of troops to launch a charge. The lintel of the east gate of the urn, with the title of “Juyong Wai Gai”, was built in the 18th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. On the platform of Guancheng, the town of juyongwai, there was a stone tablet carved during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. From the inscriptions, we can see the Great Wall, which took more than 80 years to complete. The stele also records the time and length of the construction of the Great Wall, the presiding officer, the foreman, the burner, the potter, the bricklayer and their names, so as to clarify their responsibilities. Standing on the city and looking down, we can see from the middle

To the constant traffic and visitors through the door. This is not only an important military defense pass in ancient times, but also an important traffic route. From here to Changping and Beijing in the south, to Yanqing in the north, and to Xuanhua and Zhangjiakou in the northwest, “the road is divided and extends in all directions.”. Badaling also got its name.

Looking down to the right, there is a big gun on display in the south of dengchengkou, which is called “general Weida”. The gun is 2.85 meters long and 105 mm in diameter. It is named after the “imperial grant of divine power to the general” on the body of zhongpao. The largest range of the word is more than 500 meters, which shows that the military industry at that time was relatively developed.

From Guancheng Chengtai to the highest part of Nanfeng, the South 4th floor, the wall is 685.8 meters long and 142.4 meters high. Especially between the South 3rd floor and the South 4th floor, the ridge is narrow, the mountain is steep, and the Great Wall is more than 400 meters long. The most dangerous part of the city top is about 70 degrees, almost straight up and down. The South 1st floor and the south 2nd floor have not been restored. Judging from the plinth of the South 3rd floor, there are also pavilions.

The fourth floor south of Nanfeng Great Wall is the highest with an altitude of 803.6 meters. Looking from the tower, the Great Wall winds from southwest to northeast over the ridge, just like a dragon, magnificent. It reminds us of the poem that Mr. Luo Zhewen, a famous expert on the great wall of China, chanted when he visited the Badaling Great Wall. Lock the key to the north gate, the sky is dangerous, and the mountain is half steep. From the South 4th floor to the South 7th floor, the height decreases gradually. Between the South 5th floor and the South 6th floor, a small white Pavilion stands on the ridge 30 meters away from the city wall on the inside of the Great Wall. This is the “memorial Pavilion for the restoration of the Great Wall in Guizhou Province” completed in June 1987. The South 6th floor is a shop, which is built on the top of the upper floor. It is three rooms wide, with a hard top, red pillars, gray tiles, small and exquisite. This is probably the command post of the “thousand generals” at that time.

Today's great wall has long lost its military value. With its unique charm, it attracts the vast number of Chinese and foreign tourists and has become a world-famous tourist attraction. With the development of tourism, the Great Wall, a symbol of the Chinese nation and an important cultural heritage in the world, will radiate new vitality. Welcome everyone with better tourism service and more beautiful tourism environment!

Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the temple of heaven, the largest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world.

Located in the southeast of Beijing, the temple of heaven is also the largest existing ancient sacrificial building complex in China and the world. It was built in the fourth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty and completed in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of 273 hectares. It's more than three times the size of the Forbidden City. It is the place for emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties to pray for heaven and valley. Every year, the “three Mencius” hold sacrifices, namely, praying for valley in spring, praying for rain in summer and praying for heaven in winter. When it was first built, it was also a place for offering sacrifices to the earth God, which was called Heaven Earth altar. Until the ninth year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, another Ditan was built in the north. At that time, heaven and earth began to offer sacrifices separately, and two more altars were built at the same time. It is only then that the present-day “four altars” in the suburbs of Beijing, namely, the South Temple of heaven, the North Temple of earth, the East Temple of the sun and the West Temple of the moon, were formed.

The temple of heaven is the general name of the two altars of Yuanqiu and Qigu. The layout of the building is in the shape of “Hui”, with double altar walls, forming the inner and outer altar. The altar wall is round in the South and North, symbolizing the round sky and place, so it is also called the heaven earth wall. The main buildings are the hall of praying for the new year, the altar of round mound, the imperial vault, the Zhai palace, the outer altar, the music office and the sacrifice place. Except zhaigong in the west, the other three groups are on the same central axis. It is the only building with asymmetric axis in Beijing ancient architecture.

However, such a holy place for worshiping heaven was once looted by the British and French allied forces in 1860, and then by the Eight Allied forces in 1900. When Yuan Shikai ascended the throne in 1916, he also staged a farce of sacrificing heaven in the temple of heaven. In 1918, the temple of heaven was finally opened as a park. After liberation, the temple of heaven has not only become a famous tourist attraction, but also an integral part of Beijing's urban green space. Not only tourists come here, but also some elderly people who are dedicated to physical fitness.

Now let's start this tour along the route that the emperor ascended the altar.

Let's first introduce zhaigong. Zhai palace is located in the west gate of the temple of heaven, which has the famous Wuliang palace. Covering an area of about 40000 square meters, it is known as the small forbidden city and the place where the emperor fasted before offering sacrifices. The emperor fasted here for three days before offering sacrifices to heaven. In the three days, “no meat, no alcohol, no entertainment, no bathing, no criminal name, no sex.” The so-called Zhi Zhai. There are stone pavilions on both sides of the terrace in front of zhaigong hall. On the right is the time Pavilion, and on the left is the fasting bronze Pavilion. The bronze man is 0.5 meters tall and dressed in civilian clothes. It is said that he was Wei Zheng in Tang Dynasty. Holding the bronze plate of fasting, engraved with the word “fasting” to warn the emperor.

Now let's take a look at the Yuanqiu altar. Yuanqiu altar is 5.7 meters high and divided into three layers. The four directions of each floor have nine steps paved with argyi leaf bluestone. Surrounded by white marble fence. There are two walls outside the altar. From the east to the wall, there are four Lingxing Gates: Taiyuan, zhaoheng, Guangli and Chengzhen. Now let's go to the altar. Please pay attention to the surface. The number of stones used on the altar surface is related to nine. The diameter of the upper layer is 9 feet, the diameter of the middle layer is 15 feet, and the diameter of the lower layer is 21 feet. The third floor is 45 feet in total, which is not only a multiple of 9, but also means “the highest of nine”. The round marble in the middle of the top altar is called Tianxin stone. It's also called “Yi Zhao Ying Cong Shi”. When people stand on it and speak, they will feel a strong resonance. Around the Tianxin stone layer, there are nine circles of huge fan-shaped stones, including nine in the first circle and 18 in the second circle. And so on, the Ninth Circle on the outermost side is exactly 81 blocks; the second layer, the second layer is the same. Until the 27th outermost lap. Similarly, when you look up, you can see that the guard board is divided into four parts by four steps, and each part also has 9 pieces. The guard board in the middle layer is 18 pieces, and the guard board in the lower layer is 27 pieces. All these are made according to the Yin Yang and five elements. 9 is the number of extreme Yang, so ancient craftsmen used this number to emphasize the loftiness and sanctity of heaven. The steps of offering sacrifices to heaven can be divided into: burning firewood to meet the emperor, offering sacrifices to heaven in cangbi, entering the throne, offering sacrifices at the beginning, offering sacrifices at the end, withdrawing food, sending the emperor to heaven, and watching the fire.

Let's look at the southwest of Yuanqiu altar. There are three tall stone platforms, called wangdengtai. The long pole on the stage is the beacon pole. The pole is nine feet high and red. At the time of offering sacrifices to heaven, a lantern with a diameter of six feet and a height of eight feet is hung on each lantern pole. The lanterns are decorated with Panlong overnight wax, which can last for six hours. Not out, not oil, not cut wax.

Now let's continue to walk along the central axis. The building in front of us is the sky vault. Huanggongyu was built in the ninth year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty. It was originally called the temple of Tai. In the 17th year of Jiajing reign, it was renamed the present huanggongyu. It is a special place for storing God cards. There are not only the God cards of heaven, but also the God cards of wind, thunderstorm and electricity. This group of buildings not only has exquisite modeling, but also has echo wall and three tone stone, which are called the three acoustic phenomena of the temple of heaven together with Tianxin stone.

The echo wall is the outer wall of the imperial vault. The walls are built with bricks and mortar, which is a good sound transmitter. As long as you speak to the wall correctly, you can hear each other clearly even if you can't see the face at a distance of 40 or 50 meters. The Sanyin stone is the three stones in front of the main hall of huangqiongyu. When you stand on the first stone and clap your hands, you can hear an echo once, the second stone can hear twice, and the third stone can hear three echoes, so it is called Sanyin stone. Later, it took the meaning of “three talents of heaven, earth and man” and was also called “three talents stone”.

You should have noticed that there are many cypress trees in the temple of heaven. Among the many ancient cypresses, there is a cypress over 500 years old, which is the nine dragon cypress outside the west wall of echo wall. Because the surface of its trunk is full of twisted grooves, it is called Jiulong cypress.

On the north side of echo wall, there is a broad avenue, which is called Danbi bridge of Haipeng Avenue. Because there is a culvert under the road to form an interchange, similar to an overpass, so it is called a bridge. After crossing the Danbi bridge, we can see the qigutan complex. Qigu altar is a three-layer white marble round altar, covering an area of nearly 6000 square meters. The hall of praying for new year was built on it.

The hall of praying for new year is the symbol of the temple of heaven. Also used to be a symbolic building in China, formerly known as the Great Hall of worship. It means praying for a good harvest year. In architecture, it is a round double eaves with a pointed roof, and the top is covered with blue bamboo tiles. Shrinkage layer by layer, up to nine feet, supported by 28 red pillars. It is the only imitation Ming Tang style building left in China. In the past, glazed tiles were divided into three colors and three different meanings. That is: Shangqing, on behalf of heaven, yellow, on behalf of the emperor, green, on behalf of the people. Later, in order to show respect for God, they all changed to blue glazed tiles.

The top of the hall and the 28 pillars supporting the top of the hall also have different representative meanings. The perimeter of the top of the hall is 30 Zhang, representing 30 days in a month. The four Longjing pillars symbolize that there are four seasons in a year. 12 in the middle symbolizes 12 months in a year. The 12 outer roots symbolize 12 hours in a day. The 24 roots in the middle and outer layers symbolize the 24 solar terms. There are 28 stars in the three layers, which symbolize the 28 stars in the sky. If you add 8 child pillars at the top of the hall, there will be 36 in total. It symbolizes 36 Tiangang in the sky,

)。 There is also a gold-plated short copper pillar called Lei Gongzhu on the top of the treasure, which symbolizes the emperor's domination. In addition, there is a “dragon and Phoenix caisson” inside the top of the hall, and a “dragon and Phoenix auspicious stone” on the ground. The two complement each other.

Like offering sacrifices to heaven, the ritual of praying for grain is held here every year. The main hall should be renovated before each sacrifice.

Now we come out from the east gate of the altar of praying for grain, and we can see a long corridor with 72 rooms, commonly known as 72 company rooms. It connects with the God kitchen and God storehouse, and is the channel for transporting sacrifices during sacrifice. In the southeast of the corridor, there are eight huge bluestones, called Seven Star stones. This is Fengshui Zhenshi. There are two versions of the seven star stone. In one generation, a Taoist and an emperor said that the southeast of the hall of praying for new year was empty, which was unfavorable to the country. So here are seven stones symbolizing the Big Dipper. Second, the Seven Star Stone represents the seven peaks of Dongyue. As for the xiaoqingshi in the northeast, Emperor Kangxi sent people to investigate the hair vein of Mount Tai in order to find a theoretical basis for the Manchu to take charge of the Central Plains, and determined that the hair vein of Mount Tai increased after the Changbai Mountain in the northeast.

Today's sightseeing tour is coming to an end. I hope this time in the temple of heaven can become an eternal memory of your visit to Beijing.

Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the summer palace, which was listed in the world cultural heritage list in . It is the most abundant and well preserved Royal Garden in the world.

Located in the northwest of Beijing, the summer palace covers an area of 290 hectares, of which the water surface is about 220 hectares. The summer palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was built in 1750 to celebrate the birthday of his mother in the year of Emperor Qianlong. In 1860, it was burned by the United Kingdom and France, and most of the buildings were destroyed. Cixi misappropriated the Navy's military expenditure and took 10 years to rebuild. After completion, it was renamed the summer palace. Cixi spent most of her later years in the garden, where traces of major events of that year can still be traced. The basic layout of the summer palace can be divided into three parts: the administrative area with Renshou hall as the center, the living area for emperors and empresses with Yulan hall and Leshou hall as the main parts, and the tourist area with Kunming Lake and coastal scenery and scenery of Front Mountain and back mountain as the main parts. If you add the paiyun hall, it can also be divided into four parts.

At first there was no name. In the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Jinshan palace was built on the mountain, so it was called “Jinshan” and “Jinhai”. It is also said that an old man dug out a stone urn at the foot of the mountain, and the Yuan Dynasty changed the name of this place to “wengshan” and “wengshanpo”. Wengshan park is located in the west of Dadu in Yuan Dynasty, with enchanting scenery, so it has the reputation of “West Lake” in literati's works. In the Ming Dynasty, some temples and temples were built here. The emperor called it “good mountain garden”. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, large-scale construction of royal gardens began here. At that time, there was the famous “three mountains and five gardens”. They are: Yuquan mountain, Wanshou mountain, Xiangshan Mountain, Changchun Garden, Jingming garden, Jingyi garden, Yuanming garden, Qingyi Garden. Qingyi Garden is now the summer palace.

When we arrived at the east palace gate, our tour officially began. Outside the East Palace is the largest crossing archway in the Qing Dynasty. The east palace gate is also the main gate of the summer palace. The plaque on the door of the summer palace is the handwriting of Emperor Guangxu. The word “Yihe” means “Yiyang spirit, peace of mind”.

Entering the east palace gate, we first came to Renshou hall. The word “Renshou” comes from the meaning of “Renzhe Shou” in the Analects of Confucius. That is to say, those who govern with benevolence can live a long life. Renshou hall used to be the hall of diligent administration during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. After the reconstruction of the summer palace, it was changed into Renshou hall. This is the main place for Royal political activities in the garden. The five Taihu stones we see face to face are called fengxu Wulao, which means longevity. The bronze monster on the throne of Han white jade Xumi, known as Qilin and Sibuxiang, is one of the nine sons of the dragon, symbolizing auspiciousness and wealth. In front of the hall, there are two pairs of bronze censers in the shape of dragon and Phoenix, arranged in such a way that the Phoenix is on the inside and the dragon is on the outside, highlighting the position of the Phoenix. This has something to do with the fact that Empress Dowager Cixi listened to the government behind the curtain at the end of the Qing Dynasty.

Now the furnishings in Renshou hall are basically the same as before. There are royal cases, throne, corner ends, palm fans and screens on the ground bed in the hall. The screen is made of red sandalwood and carved with nine dragons. The center of the screen is a glass mirror with 226 characters of longevity written in different ways. The palm fan is a palace decoration decorated with peacock plume. The horn end is a unicorn, which is said to be able to “communicate with the four barbarians”. The practical use is the censer. On the walls on both sides of the hall, there is a picture of a hundred bats holding longevity. The word “Shou” in the middle is written by Cixi. Bat and Fu have the same pronunciation, which means more happiness and more longevity.

Through the rockery behind Renshou hall, we can see Kunming Lake in front of us.

The best view of the summer palace is on the East Bank of Kunming Lake. Here we can look at foxiangge in the north, Yuquan mountain in the West and Nanhu island in the south.

Next we will visit the empress living area.

Now we can see that this group of chic and elegant courtyard is Yulan hall, “Yulan” comes from the verse of Jin Dynasty poet Lu Ji: “Yuquan gushes in the gentle waves”. This is the place where Emperor Guangxu lived and dealt with his daily affairs when he came to the summer palace. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, Guangxu was put under house arrest here. In order to control his every move, Cixi even closed the cloisters on the East and west sides with brick walls. All these are the witness of the reform movement of 1898. Yulan hall is a traditional courtyard building with breakfast room in the East, dormitory in the West and study in the middle.

Behind the Yulan hall is the Yiyun Museum, which means “Yiyun” is suitable for collecting books. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was the place where the emperor collected books. After reconstruction, it was changed into the palace of empress Longyu.

After walking through Yiyun hall, the corridor in the northwest corner is Leshou hall. “Leshou” comes from the Analects of Confucius, which means that this is the place where the benevolent and the wise live. Leshoutang is the main building in the living area. It has two floors. It was originally the place where Qianlong's mother lived. After reconstruction, it was changed into the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi.

Entering the courtyard, we can see a lot of things here. Copper deer, copper crane and copper vase are used to refer to the homophony of deer, crane and vase, which means “Six Harmonies and peace”. Magnolia, Begonia and peony are also planted in the courtyard, which symbolizes the wealth of Yutang. The Taihu stone on the south side is just the shadow wall of leshoutang. Because the shape is like Ganoderma lucidum and cyan. So it's called qingzhixiu. There is also a true story about qingzhixiu. In the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was a senior official named Mi Wanzhong who was addicted to stones. After he found this stone in the mountains of Fangshan County, he wanted to transport it to his home. But because the family ran out of money, and as a result, he lost his family. Therefore, the stone is also known as the “black sheep's stone”, which was later discarded on the roadside of Liangxiang. After more than a hundred years, Qianlong went to the Western mausoleum to sweep the tomb. When he passed Liangxiang, he saw this stone. They ordered the soldiers to transport them to the Leshou hall under construction. But because the stone was too big and the door was too narrow, they broke in. Only because the shape of the stone is similar to ganoderma lucidum can it be preserved.

Now, let's go to the gallery. The gallery, also known as “wanjuan Gallery”, has 273 rooms with a total length of 728 meters, starting from the moon gate in the East and ending at Shizhang Pavilion in the West. There are four beautiful pavilions, Liujia, Jilan, Qiushui and Qingyao. The corridor is like a ribbon connecting the scenery in front of the mountain. There are more than 14000 pieces of Soviet style paintings in the gallery, which made it the world's largest gallery by Guinness World Records in 1900.

Finally, I'd like to introduce Qing Yanfang, which is located at the west end of the corridor. When Emperor Qianlong built Qingyi Garden, he used the allusions of Wei Zheng to persuade Cambodian Li Shimin by borrowing the verses in Er Jing Fu. The Qing Yan boat was built in the courtyard. It is used to encourage oneself and to warn future generations. This is the place where the emperors enjoyed tea and the scenery of Kunming Lake. Emperor Qianlong also set free here. When it was rebuilt in the reign of Guangxu, machine wheels were installed on both sides of the stone ship, which seemed like a Western ship.

Hello, everyone. Today we are going to visit the largest and most complete royal palace complex in the world,

The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing, formerly known as the Forbidden City. It was built in the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty and completed in the 18th year of Yongle in 15 years. It is the palace of 24 emperors in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its name is borrowed from Zihui Xingyuan. Covering an area of 70 square meters, it is rectangular, 960 meters long from north to South and 750 meters wide from east to west. It is surrounded by a 50 meter wide moat and a 10 meter high city wall. There are more than 9000 rooms.

It has a history of nearly 600 years. It is the largest and best preserved royal palace complex in the world. This group of large-scale buildings is built according to the principle of “front Dynasty, back room, zuozu and YouSHE” in “Zhouli KAOGONGJI”, with rigorous structure, brilliant color and regular layout.

The Palace Museum is divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the latter. The former dynasty was the main place for emperors to hold ceremonies and summon officials. The central buildings were Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall, as well as Wenhua hall and Wuying hall. The harem can also be divided into three parts. They are the main palace with the theme of Qianqing palace, Jiaotai palace and kunningguan palace, the east palace with the theme of Fengxian palace and Huangji palace, and the West Palace with the theme of Yangxin palace and Chuxiu palace.

The Palace Museum has four gates. The main gate is the Meridian Gate in the south, Donghua gate in the East, Xihua gate in the West and Shenwu gate in the north.

From Tian'anmen Gate to the north is Duanmen gate. You can see the Meridian Gate when you cross the Duanmen gate. Meridian Gate is the main gate of the Forbidden City. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Shunzhi. It is a double eaves veranda roof building with 95 bays and 35 meters in height. Its plane is concave, with four double eaves pavilions on each wing. It is commonly known as wufenglou. The small square in front of the Meridian Gate can hold more than 20000 people. On the first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, the emperor presented a Almanac. In case of going to war or offering prisoners, the emperor issued an order at the Meridian Gate or accepted the surrender of prisoners. All the ministers who were criticized as “rebellious scale” for angering the emperor came to the Meridian Gate to receive the “Imperial Staff”. According to the records, two times in the fourteenth year of Zhengde and the third year of Jiajing of Ming Dynasty, people were killed by the Imperial Staff.

After the Meridian Gate, you can see a zigzag, jade belt like artificial river, which is the jade belt river. The five exquisitely carved white marble bridges across the river, Yudai bridge, is the only way to the three halls of the former dynasty.

The three halls of the former dynasty, commonly known as the three main halls, are Taihe hall, Zhonghe hall and Baohe hall in turn. They are the main buildings on the central axis and the tallest buildings in the Forbidden City.

The hall of Taihe can be seen through the gate of Taihe where the emperor of Ming Dynasty listened to the government. Taihe hall, commonly known as “Jinluan hall”, was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty. It was destroyed and built many times. It was once called Fengtian hall and Huangji hall. Finally, it was rebuilt in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty and renamed Taihe hall. With a height of about 35 meters and a width of about 63 meters from east to west, and 12 red pillars on the front, it was the largest wooden structure building in Beijing at that time. The base was built with white marble and Aiqing stone about 10 meters high. The base is surrounded by a stone pillar with the pattern of cloud dragon and cloud Phoenix. At the bottom of the base, there are more than a thousand white jade dragon heads carved with holes for drainage. In case of rain, we can see the wonderful landscape of “thousand dragons spitting water”. There are 18 incense burners on both sides of the stone steps, and 4 bronze pots on the balcony in front of the hall. The copper tortoises and cranes on the left and right symbolize the longevity of the emperor and empress respectively. The sundial in the East symbolizes being ordered by heaven. Jialiang in the West symbolizes the emperor's justice. There are 48 big columns in the hall. In the middle is a flat bed, on which there is a gold lacquer dragon throne. On the top of the hall, there is the meaning of “caisson” to suppress fire. There is a dragon with a pearl in its mouth on the middle dome. Pearl coated with mercury, known as “Xuanyuan mirror.”. It seems that the emperor who ascended the throne was a descendant of the emperor Xuanyuan.

The main function of the hall of Supreme Harmony is to celebrate the three festivals of new year's day, winter solstice and longevity every year. National ceremonies such as the new emperor's accession to the throne, the issuance of important imperial edicts, and the issuance of new Jinshi Huang Bang are also held here.

Zhonghe hall, located behind the hall of Dahe, is a square building with a sharp top. The weather is also extraordinary. There used to be three names - Huagai hall, Zhongji hall and Zhonghe hall. The name of this hall itself reflects the Confucian doctrine of the mean. Its main functions are as follows: to wait for the time of going to court and rest in the hall of Supreme Harmony; to accept official congratulations. 2： The day before the emperor went to the field, he examined the seeds and farm tools. 3： Keep the emperor's genealogy.

Baohe hall is the rear of the three main halls. The top of the mountain for the double eaves. It also has three names - Jinshen hall, Jianji hall and Baohe hall. Baohe hall had two functions in the Ming Dynasty: first, the emperor tried on his court clothes before going to Taihe hall. 2、At the end of each year, a celebration banquet is held here to entertain civil and military officials. In the Qing Dynasty, it also had two functions: first, on the first and fifteenth day of the first month of each year, it hosted banquets for foreign vassal princes, ministers and foreign ministers. 2、During the reign of Qianlong, the imperial examination was held in Baohe palace. The palace examination is held every three years. The emperor made the proposition and examined it in person. The first name is number one, the second name is top ranking, and the third name is Tanhua. Palace examination began in the Sui Dynasty and ended in the Guangxu period of the late Qing Dynasty.

After visiting the first three halls, we came to Qianqing gate, the main entrance of the back dormitory. The palace to the north of qianqingmen was the place where the empress lived and lived. The Qianqing gate is the boundary between the former dynasty and the later palace, where the Qing Emperors “listen to the government”. Several low buildings in the West are the military aircraft department, the decision-making organ of the central government set up in the Yongzheng period. To the east of the Qianqing gate is the upper study, which is the reading place for the prince of the Qing Dynasty.

Qianqing palace is the main hall of the back palace. It is also the bedroom of the Ming and Qing emperors and the place where they usually deal with government affairs. Since Emperor Yongzheng moved to Yangxin hall, it is no longer the emperor's dormitory. On the terrace in front of the palace are four bronze stoves, a pair of turtles and cranes, a sundial and a Jialiang. On both sides of the terrace, there is also a “small golden hall of the country” in Qianqing palace. There is a gold lacquer throne in the center and a gold lacquer screen in the back. The plaque on it is the place where Yongzheng secretly established the imperial edict, which is quite mysterious. The main functions of Qianqing Palace are as follows: first, the emperor dealt with daily affairs here. 2、Every new year's day, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, winter solstice, new year's Eve and so on, we have to carry out the activities of inner court ceremony and banquet. 3、The two banquets of Qianlong and Kangxi in Qing Dynasty were also held here. In addition, many important events and secrets of the Ming Dynasty that shocked the government and the public took place here, such as “renyin palace incident”, “Hongwan case”, “wuzongxihuo” and “Chongzhen escape”.

Behind the Qianqing palace is the Jiaotai hall. Jiaotai is like “zhengtiandi Jiaohe, Pingan Kangtai”. The hall is square in shape, with 25 seals in the center and a plaque of “Inaction” of Emperor Kangxi hanging above. On the east side, there is a timer invented by ancient Chinese people, the copper pot drip, and on the west side, there is a big self ringing clock. In addition, there is an iron card warning eunuchs not to interfere with the government. Every year, when the Queen's birthday and grand ceremony, she will receive a celebration gift in Jiaotai hall. The day before the ceremony, the queen will review the mulberry picking tools here. After that, Kunning palace, the palace of the empress of Ming Dynasty, was changed into a place for offering sacrifices to the emperor and getting married. Dongnuange was the bridal chamber of the emperor when he got married.

At the back of the inner court is the imperial garden, formerly known as gonghouyuan. The garden covers an area of only 12000 square meters, but it contains more than 20 buildings of different styles. In the middle of the imperial garden is tianyimen, and guotianyimen is Qin'an hall. Qin'an hall is the main building in the imperial garden and the only religious building on the central axis of the palace, which is dedicated to Xuanwu emperor. The famous LIANLI cypress in Beijing is in the imperial garden. In the Royal Garden, there are four pavilions, Wanchun Pavilion, Fubi Pavilion, Qianqiu Pavilion and Chengrui Pavilion, which symbolize the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The buildings in the Forbidden City are the crystallization of the extraordinary skills and rich imagination of ancient Chinese architects and craftsmen. They are precious cultural heritage of China and even the world. OK, let's visit the Forbidden City first.

Hello everyone! Welcome to Badaling scenic spot for sightseeing. I'm very glad to accompany you today. I hope you can have a good time in Badaling.

The Great Wall is a magnificent defensive building in ancient China. It starts from Shanhaiguan in the East and ends at Jiayuguan in the west, and runs across the north of China. Winding more than 12000 Li, it is famous for the “Great Wall”. It was listed in the world cultural heritage list in 1987. It is called “the longest defensive wall in the world” by experts and scholars.

The first time that China built the Great Wall was in the spring and Autumn Period in the 7th century BC, and the earliest country to build the Great Wall was the state of Chu. The great wall of the state of Chu is called “Fangcheng” in historical records, with a length of nearly a thousand li. Qi was also one of the earliest states to build the Great Wall. The great wall of Qi started from Pingyin in Shandong Province in the West and entered the sea in the East. It is the most preserved site of the Great Wall in the spring and Autumn period.

After unifying China in 221 B.C., the first emperor of Qin repaired part of the old Great Wall in the north of Qin, Zhao and Yan. At the cost of “building a city of thousands of miles and building a people of thousands of miles”, he began to build the Great Wall, which is more than 7000 kilometers long, from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the East. Since then, the Great Wall has stood in the east of the world, experiencing thousands of years of wind, frost, rain and snow.

In the early Western Han Dynasty, in order to resist aggression and protect the newly developed “Silk Road”. It has built a great wall of more than 10000 kilometers from Lop Nor in Xinjiang in the west to Liaodong in the East. This is also the longest Great Wall in the history of our country.

After the establishment of Ming Dynasty, it faced the threat of Mongolia and Jurchen. From the beginning of Zhu Yuanzhang, General Xu Da was sent north to build the Great Wall. Until the end of Ming Dynasty, it was overhauled 18 times, lasting more than 260 years. It was not until the 12th year of Hongzhi that it was completed, starting from the Yalu River in the East and reaching Jiayuguan in the West. Through Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces and autonomous regions. The Great Wall is more than 12700 Li long. And along the Great Wall is divided into nine defense areas, known as “nine sides and nine towns”. Moreover, in many important pass areas, especially in the north of Beijing City, multiple walls were built. These are the Badaling Great Wall we see now.

The scale of the Great Wall built in the Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties is the largest compared with other dynasties. So the three construction climaxes in history are the Qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.

Now, let me introduce the Badaling Great Wall. Badaling Great Wall is located in Yanqing County, northwest of Beijing. It is the best preserved section of the Great Wall in Beijing with the best engineering quality and the most rigorous structure. This section of the great wall takes the urn city as the center, reaching the seventh floor in the South and the twelfth floor in the north, with a total length of 4770 meters. It is the only channel leading to the outside of the Great Wall in Beijing area and the front position of Juyongguan. From here, you can reach Yongning and Sihai in the East, Xuanhua and Datong in the west, Jingcheng in the south, Yanqing in the north and Badaling in all directions. Badaling pass city was built in 1505, with a height of 7.5 meters and a thickness of 4 meters. There is a plaque on each of the East and West gates, with “Juyong Wai Town” in the East and “north gate lock key” in the West. At the entrance of Guancheng, there is a cannon with a length of 2.85 meters and a caliber of 10.5 cm, which is called “Shenwei general”. Now let's look at the wall of the Great Wall in Badaling. This section of the city wall is about 5.8 meters narrow at the top and 6.5 meters wide at the bottom. It consists of four basic structures.

1、City wall, two, city tower, three, pass, four, beacon tower. There is a ticket door in the wall and a stone ladder in the middle. The top can hold 5 horses in parallel. Beacon tower is also known as beacon, beacon, wolf Yantai. It is independent of the city wall, almost every other mile there is a, composed of the Great Wall defense alarm system.

Whenever enemy troops invade, the beacon towers burn beacon fires to convey military information. Burning smoke during the day is called beacon. At night a fire is called a flint. And because wolf dung is often used as fuel, the smoke is high and hard to dissipate, so it is also called “wolf smoke”. Moreover, it was stipulated in the Ming Dynasty. More than 100 of the invading soldiers lit a cigarette and fired a gun, about 500 soldiers fired two cigarettes and two guns, more than 1000 soldiers fired three cigarettes and three guns, more than 5000 soldiers fired four cigarettes and four guns, if more than 10000 soldiers were involved, five cigarettes and five guns.

From Badaling to the south is the famous Xiongguan, Juyong Pass. Juyong Pass is one of the most famous passes of the great wall and an important barrier to the northwest of ancient Beijing. It got its name from Qin Shihuang's construction of the Great Wall. That is to say, the prisoners and the people who have been punished in the palace are caught here to let them build the Great Wall. And lived. Juyongguan was called juyongsai in Han Dynasty and junduguan in Sui Dynasty.

When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it became the strongest section of the Ming Great Wall. There are both military headquarters and administrative organizations here. Juyong Pass in ancient times was also lush with extraordinary scenery. Juyong jucui, one of the eight famous scenic spots in Yanjing, refers to this place. In addition, there are many places of interest, such as Yang LIULANG's Shuanmazhuang, Mu Guiying's dianjiangtai, and baifengzhong, where dragons and phoenixes play.

Not only that, but also Juyong Guanzhong has a white jade platform, called Yuntai, which was built in 1345. Because there were three Tibetan pagodas built on the stage and the coupons under the stage, it was originally called “crossing the street pagoda”. In the early Ming Dynasty, the pagoda was destroyed, and then the Tai'an temple was built. In the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed again, and now there are only pillar bases and watchposts. There are also six kinds of seal cutting scriptures in Sanskrit, Tibetan and basiba on the inner wall, which are important objects for studying ancient Chinese characters.

Having said so much, let me tell you a story to relax. The name of the story is called “Meng Jiangnu crying the Great Wall”. It's about Qin Shihuang building the Great Wall. At that time, in order to speed up the project, it began to draw civil servants from all over the country. Meng Jiangnu's husband, fan Qiliang, was also transferred to build the Great Wall soon after her wedding.

In the twinkling of an eye, three years later, fan Qiliang never heard from him. Meng Jiangnu couldn't eat well and sleep well. Suddenly, one night. Meng Jiangnu had a dream that her husband was hungry and cold, and his clothes didn't cover her body. She kept shouting “I'm cold, I'm hungry!” Meng Jiangnu woke up and decided to go to her husband, and brought him dry food and warm clothes. All the way along the Great Wall in search of his husband. She went to Shanhaiguan to find out that many people had died to build the Great Wall. Her husband, fan Qiliang, was also tired to death and buried under the Great Wall. This news is like a bolt from the blue, Meng Jiangnu immediately began to cry, crying earth shaking, sections of the great wall collapsed, eight hundred miles long. Now the project manager was in a hurry to report to Qin Shihuang who was coming here to inspect the progress of the project.

The first emperor of Qin sent someone to arrest Meng Jiangnu to find out the reason. After seeing her, Qin Shihuang was fascinated by her beauty and insisted on calling her “empress Zhenggong”. Although Meng Jiangnu was full of anger, she still held down her hatred and had an idea. She had to ask Qin Shihuang to agree to her three conditions before she could become the “Empress of the palace”. The first is to find the body of his husband fan Qiliang; the second is to hold a state funeral for his husband; and the third is to ask the first emperor of Qin to wear mourning and flag for fan Qiliang. After listening to the three conditions proposed by Meng Jiangnu, the first emperor of Qin thought for a moment. In order to get the beautiful Meng Jiangnu, he insisted. Meng Jiangnu, wearing filial piety, paid homage to the tomb of fan Zhaliang, who died for the construction of the city. Her long cherished wish was fulfilled. Facing the rolling Bohai Sea, she jumped up and threw herself into the sea.

At the end of the story, do you think Qin Shihuang is fatuous and overbearing? Let's ignore him first. Start climbing the great wall and be a hero!!

长沙是一座风景优美的城市，橘子洲、岳麓书院、爱晚亭都留下了伟人毛泽东的足迹，花明楼则是刘少奇先生的故乡。登顶而望，揽岳麓之神韵，怀湘水之灵秀;惊月亮岛之不群，羡天心阁之浑厚。这些都让人感受到长沙古城的美。还有橘洲的花火，爱晚亭的雪景，岳麓书院的古韵，不禁叩问:苍茫大地，谁主沉浮?都在这里弥散。

长沙不仅是一座风景优美的古城，也是一座舌尖上的城市。长沙市全国八大菜系之一的湘菜的主要发源地，表现出令人无法抗拒的魅力。嗜辣是长沙人最爱的尤以辣椒炒肉这道菜为代表无人不爱，湘菜馆里点菜率最高的绝对是它。绿色的小尖椒炒和五花肉，光看这就透出一股香辣味。

长沙的小吃也是一绝。尤其是火宫殿的小吃臭豆腐最为有名。将制好的臭豆腐放入锅中油炸至外皮焦脆，兑着香辣的汤汁，再撒上翠绿的葱花、红红的辣椒粉、嫩黄的蒜末，不仅引人食欲大增。咬一口香辣的汤汁流进口腔中刺激着味蕾，不得不让人叫一声爽!

糖油粑粑也是长沙小吃一大特色。主要原料是白面和蔗糖，但是火候与糖的分量要精确把握。李公庙的糖油粑粑可谓是金黄饱满，甜而不腻。所以生意火爆，稍稍晚去就卖完了。德园的包子又厚又有嚼劲，在长沙也是很有名，每次都要排队才能买到。

长沙城美食处处可品尝，好景处处可观赏，在长沙城游玩的人更是赞叹不已。

长沙，您说您的美不仅灵秀，有怀文化之深厚古韵，美食数不胜数。更是人才辈出，俗话说：“一方水土养一方人。”人民领袖毛泽东爷爷走出长沙至世界，乐于助人的雷锋叔叔好事做了一火车，不止他们，还有革命家刘少奇、彭德怀……长沙城真是人杰地灵 !

天安门城楼上挂着毛主席的像，人民英雄纪念碑庄严地伫立在广场中央。还有纪念堂和人民大会堂，广场的武警战士，护着迎风飘扬的五星红旗。

穿过天安门，进入午门，然后就进入了古老的故宫。导游告诉我们，故宫就是以前皇帝住的皇宫。里面看到最多的就是城墙，那里的房子都建得差不多，金黄色的瓦，赤红色的柱子，还有在门框上面画了很多古代的图案。我印象最深的是太和殿.当我走出故宫时，一直有一个问题让我困惑：为什么除了御花园,整个皇宫没有一棵树呢?导游告诉我们，原来这是皇帝害怕有人躲藏在树后突然袭击他。

俗话说得好，“不到长城，非好汉”。走完故宫，第二天我们又来到了八达岭长城。因为下起了朦朦细雨，路很滑，所以我们只好坐览车到达第七层，然后再爬了一段，登到八达岭的最高点。这时候，像云一样的雨雾越来越浓厚了。稍微远一点的长城和树木都隐隐约约看不清。虽然看不见雄伟、绵延的长城，但是我们仿佛在仙境中行走，抬头看到的是云雾，周围也还是云雾把我们包裹着。

北京古老的建筑太多了，我们又去了美丽的颐和园，神圣的天坛，还有北海公园。不过，北京不仅有历史悠久的古代建筑，还有闻名世界的现代建筑。

中华世纪坛有一颗神奇的火种，不管风雨一直不会熄灭;水立方、鸟巢两个巨大的建筑，也让我大开眼界;看完降旗仪式，我们又欣赏了夜晚的长安街灯火通明，真得像课本上描写的那样。我还觉得他像一条彩色的长龙。旅游车在长安街慢慢行驶时，我都情不自禁地背诵起课文《北京亮起来了》，我觉得我看到的比课文里写得还要精彩。

我们在全聚德吃了正宗的北京烤鸭，在繁华的西单商业街和王府井逛街时，还吃了酸酸甜甜的糖胡芦，还在迷宫一样的北京地铁站里坐地铁。。。。。。

北京四合院里拉三轮车的叔叔，告诉我们一句当地的俗语：爬长城，吃烤鸭，不坐三轮不回家。”最后一天，我们真得坐着三轮黄包车，在北京的老胡同里闲逛了一圈。那么多胡同名，其中有一个叫“口袋胡同”，原来就是指“死胡同”，真得很形象耶!

北京城的历史真丰富呀!我真得很舍不得离开，最主要的是，我看到了王老师说过的北京大学和清华大学，妈妈告诉我，那是中国最有名的大学，我好向往，我也能来这里读书。

稍作休整后，我们便从酒店出发，乘公交，转地铁，来到了天安门广场，首先是接受爱国主义教育，深切缅怀毛主席，来自全国各地的人们，头顶烈日，排着长长的队伍，瞻仰毛主席他老人家的遗容，感受他老人家的丰功伟绩。

纪念堂出来后，我们参观了人民英雄纪念碑、人民大会堂，历史博物馆、中华人民共和国国旗并一一摄影留念。看着国旗下站岗的战士，虽然顶着炎炎烈日，衣服湿透了，他们却岿然不动，不禁使我想起了《谁是最可爱的人》。天安门广场真大，时值旅游旺季，游人挺多，但在这里并不显得拥挤。

接着，我们来到了天安门城楼前，走过金水桥，穿过天安门城楼，往西走不到两百米，远远看到“午门”两字，我心里一喜，这该是到故宫了。

故宫就是以前的紫禁城，位于北京的中心，是明、清两朝的皇宫，始建于明永乐四年(公元1406年)，建成于永乐十八年(公元1420年)，至今有近六百年的历史了，先后有24位皇帝在这里统治全国近五百年。一条中轴贯通着整个故宫，这条中轴又在北京城的中轴线上。三大殿、后三宫、御花园都位于这条中轴线上。在中轴宫殿两旁，还对称分布着许多殿宇，宏伟华丽尉为壮观。这些宫殿可分为外朝和内廷两大部分。外朝以太和、中和、保和三大殿为中心，文华、武英殿为两翼。内廷以乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫为中心，东西六宫为两翼，布局严谨有序。故宫的四个城角都有精巧玲珑的角楼，建造精巧美观。宫城四面各开一门，南为午门，北为神武门，东为东华门，西为西华门。宫墙外有长3800米，宽52米的护城河环绕，真可谓固若金汤。从大明永乐朝到悲怆的逊帝溥仪，古老而壮丽的故宫，她诉说着一个历经沧桑的文明曾有的辉煌。寄托着无数中国人悠远的怀古思今之情。

在北京，我们还游了长城，颐和园、天坛、圆明园、香山、鸟巢、水立方、科技馆、欢乐谷等等。既有人文景观，也有自然景观，既有古代的历史文化，也有现代的科技文明。北京之行，让我受益匪浅，不虚此行。

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