考研冲刺英语重点语法精粹
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- 2024-07-28
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下面是小编整理的考研冲刺英语重点语法精粹，本文共6篇，欢迎大家阅读借鉴，并有积极分享。
考研英语复习：重点攻破语法
考生已经走出考场，同时，有很多人已经开始在为的研究生考试做准备了。有一句谚语说得好：“The early bird catches the worm”，这句话一点儿也没有错，尤其对于基础薄弱的考生。可是，这么早就开启了复习之旅程，究竟要看些什么呢？背单词是大家开始复习时最喜欢做的事情，其实，语法的复习也不容忽视。
语法是考研英语的基础，这部分在研究生英语考试中不再单独考查，但是语法知识贯穿在整个英语考卷的各个题型中。完型填空题会直接考查语法知识；阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析；作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识。这部分基础如果欠缺，其它的综合能力提高起来将会很慢，所以所有考生都务必重视考研语法的复习。
语法复习起来应该有所侧重，必须有针对性，否则死扣语法，不但浪费时间，也不一定能有很好的效果。提醒考生在复习语法过程中要注意以下几个方面：
1.有一本正规的语法书
对于那些语法基础知识较差的考生，一本正规的语法书就像一本词典，随时可以帮助大家重拾记忆。考生可以根据语法书中系统复习一遍，找找当时学习英语的感觉。
2.重点掌握句法
句法对阅读及翻译写作都十分重要，因此必须重点复习。
3.有的放矢
通过对大纲的研读，以及对历年真题的分析和统计，得出考研英语常考的重点的语法知识包括：名词、代词的'数和格的构成及其用法；动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；常用连接词的词义及其用法；非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；虚拟语气的构成及其用法；各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法等。复习中要重点把握考研考查的语法体系，而不要陷入了盲目学习的误区。
4.以真题为依托
如果单纯地看语法书，那一定会很枯燥，学习效果也不好，跟真题中出现的语法长难句结合起来复习，不仅可以检验语法知识的掌握情况，还有助于深刻地了解真题中语法的考查角度。
看语法书的同时，要对基本的语法知识进行整理，形成一个体系，也要对一些特殊的语法现象进行归纳，要手眼并用，不能只看不动手。另外，语法复习重在语法现象本身，而不是记住那些枯燥无味的术语。
那么，考研英语的语法掌握到什么程度就可以了呢？复习语法的目的是读懂文章、做对题目。英语成绩好的同学，肯定语法基础也不差，并且能熟练地将语法知识应用到阅读、做题中。英语成绩不好的同学，可能是语法基础不扎实，也可能是囫囵吞枣，对语法知识一知半解，不能很好的应用到阅读和做题中。如果在阅读中面对一个长难句，能快速准确地抓住这个长难句的主干，理清各个成分之间的关系，并能正确翻译，那就说明对这部分的语法知识掌握的不错；如果达不到这个要求，就说明掌握的还不好，还需要强化复习。
最后，要跟大家强调的就是千万不要忽略了历年真题的作用，把真题利用好，能给你带来事半功倍的效果，省心、省时、省钱，而且还高效率。原因是出题人不是你，所以要把自己的思路往专家的思路上靠，这个靠的过程，还得是在做真题的过程中不断地总结和体会。
考研英语的重点语法总结
考研英语是一项很复杂的工程，构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基、那么在考研英语中的基础是什么呢？毋庸置疑，对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。语法基础不好，想要在考研英语中获取高分是不太可能的，倘若你的基础还不够好，考研教育网考研教育网(微博)建议的考生务必扎扎实实，攻克语法关。对于考研英语难说，在语法的构造上有其自身的特点，实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解，所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢，各个击破考研英语中的语法难点，为顺畅解题做好铺垫。考研教育网考研教育网考研英语教研室的专家们对历年考研语法进行了重点总结，希望对广大2013考研学子有帮助。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点：动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. ( TEXT1)
这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的`委屈感。
省略
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分的
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems。(，翻译)
参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected。
从句
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句；定语从句功能相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句；而状语从句功能相当于副词，称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候，它会成为一个考点，所在在做题的时候，一定要辨清它到底是什么从句，正确地翻译出来。
例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species。(，翻译)
分析：本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species。两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。
总之，以上是考研教育网考研教育网考研英语教研组的老师们在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法，它们重点中的重点，每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中，希望广大考生引起足够重视，各个击破！
2013考研英语重点语法小总结
一、虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点：动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. （20 TEXT1）
这是个含有同位语从句的'复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。
参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。
二、省略
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句（elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”（ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分的
Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002，翻译）
参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。
分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.
三、从句
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词（connective）引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句；定语从句功能相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句；而状语从句功能相当于副词，称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候，它会成为一个考点，所在在做题的时候，一定要辨清它到底是什么从句，正确地翻译出来。
例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.（2010，翻译）
分析：本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。
总之，这是在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法，它们重点中的重点，每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中，希望广大考生引起足够重视，各个击破！
考研英语冲刺写作重点句型
写作句型一：
No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否人这一事实：教育是人生最重要的一方面.
It goes without saying that …
写作句型二：
People equate(等同v.)success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论.
Equate success with one’s character
写作句型三：
According to a recent survey ，four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的.一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病.
According to a recent research or investigation， …
写作句型四：
The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.
The lastest survey show that…
写作句型五：
No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.
No other medium has received more attraction than internet.
写作句型六：
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实.
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that the serious pollution is binging abour harm to people’s health.
写作句型七：
Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.
Many English educators point out that one cannot improve his English level greatly in such a short period of time.
写作句型八：
Nowadays ，many students always go into raptures(兴高采烈) at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately ，for most young people ，it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
（来源：考研教育网）
考研英语冲刺 写作重点句型
写作句型一：
No one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否人这一事实：教育是人生最重要的一方面.
It goes without saying that …
写作句型二：
People equate(等同v.)success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论.
Equate success with one’s character
写作句型三：
According to a recent survey ，four-million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟相关的疾病.
According to a recent research or investigation， …
写作句型四：
The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的`调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感.
The lastest survey show that…
写作句型五：
No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.
No other medium has received more attraction than internet.
写作句型六：
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实.
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that the serious pollution is binging abour harm to people’s health.
写作句型七：
Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.
Many English educators point out that one cannot improve his English level greatly in such a short period of time.
写作句型八：
Nowadays ，many students always go into raptures(兴高采烈) at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately ，for most young people ，it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
考研英语冲刺重点掌握常用句型
（1）相似性
A is to B what / as C is to D (A 之于B犹如C之于D)
e. g. Moral corruption is to the State as physical disease is to an individual body.
Classic music is to my generation what pops are to her generation.
Just as…, so…(正如……,……也如此)
e. g. Just as woods are indispensable to birds , so is the earth to human beings.
Just as they must put aside their prejudices, so we must be prepared to accept their good faith.
A and B have something in common (A和B有共同之处)
e. g. As human beings, the American and Chinese have lots of things in common.
Tom and I have background in common.
A is similar to B（A与B相似）
e. g. My hobby is similar to his in that we both like collecting records, foreign and domestic.
My problems are very similar to yours.
The same is true of…/ The same can be said of… (……也是如此)
e. g. As the economies of all countries are closely interrelated no country can develop in self seclusion. The same is true of China.
(2) 相异性
A is just the opposite (to B)（A和B正相反）
e. g. Beijing is populous and crowded, while Canberra is just the opposite.
A differs (is different) from B in that…（A不同于B在于……）
e. g. China’s condition differs from ours in that China has the largest population in the world.
The family sedans made in China are different from/ than those made by the Americans. They are more compact and energy saving.
…(The case) is not the same (……是不相同的)
e. g. While it may be true that basketball and volleyball share certain features, the excitement each arouses in the spectators is not the same.
The development zones in the eastern coastal areas are mostly initiated and supported by governments, but the case is not the same with those in the west.
Contrary to (On the contrary)… (正相反)
e. g. Contrary to our estimation, the economic situation of the country is gradually getting better.
They asked me if I had finished the job. On the contrary, I have only just begun.
（3）权衡
The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. (利大于弊)
e. g. It seems safe to say that the advantages of marriage outweigh the disadvantages of divorce.
As is shown by the arguments, the drawbacks of cloning technology outweigh its promising advances.
Nothing can rival…/ There is no rival to… (……是无与伦比的)
e. g. Perhaps nothing can rival the pleasure from reading.
There was no rival to him as a poet.
…has drawbacks as well as merits (……既有优点，也有不足)
e. g. There could be no doubt that job-hopping has its drawbacks as well as merits.
A is superior to B (A优于B)
e. g. Men may be superior to women in physical affairs. Yet, there is no difference in intelligence.
The computer is vastly superior to the book.
…vary from person to person (……是因人而异的)
e. g. People’s attitude towards drugs varies from person to person.
The picture varied in detail from place to place.
(4) 过渡句型
a. 承上启下，使新观点不致显得过于突兀、武断
It is true that most jobs are a series of more or less unpleasant chores, but it doesn’t follow that that’s all they are.
That is true, no doubt, but it is not his whole story by any means.
It is fairly well known that Vitamin C is indispensable to health. But it is probably less well known that taking it excessively may do harm to the human body.
This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.
b.引用图表内容时的过渡句型。图表作文经常使用as 从句做解释性描述的过渡。
As is revealed in the graph, …
As the survey results show, …
As we could find out later in this unit, his plan was not quite as he had expected.
This table provides several important points of comparison between the two universities. As can be indicated in the table, the housing space for the staff of A in 1995 was 34 500 square meters, which nearly doubled the B’s corresponding figure.
（5）描写曲线走势的.常用句型。曲线的走势可用上升、下降、保持平稳、有所波动等用语来描述：
Before 1970 the birth rate remained level. Then in 1970 it fell till it reached 30 per thousand.
The birth rate in this region rocketed to the highest peak in 1963.
Although prices fluctuated between 1962 and 1972, overall the trend was downward.
The economy went up and down in a zigzag way.
After a steady decline for a whole decade the country’s fertility rate shows signs of leveling off.
(6)描述图表常用的概括性句型
这种句子通常用于文章或段落的开头和结尾：
This table provides several interesting points of comparison between A and B.
The two graphs depict the same thing seen in two different ways. The first diagram simply records… The second graph throws a new light on…
The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:…
If drivers continue to drive more carefully and further strengthen their sense of safety, the rate of accidents can be expected to decline even more dramatically in the year 1991.
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