《新周刊》阅读试题

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2024-07-26
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下面是小编为大家整理的《新周刊》阅读试题，本文共8篇，以供大家参考借鉴!

《新周刊》阅读试题

精选《新周刊》阅读试题

阅读下面的文字，完成19-21题。

阅读提示：“古者称师曰先生。”但在世人的评判标准里，并非所有的教师，都配称“先生”。对民国老课本做了新阅读的邓康延，又在拍摄纪录片《先生》。他选的第一批先生是民国时期的蔡元培，胡适，马相伯，陈寅恪，张伯苓，梅贻琦，竺可桢，晏阳初，陶行知，梁漱溟。他还有很多先生想拍，要拍。他说：“那些背影，让我们发现民族的正面。”

下面是他就此话题接受《新周刊》记者的访谈。(有删节)

《新周刊》：在你看来，“先生风范”指的是什么？

邓康延：这些先生，是学业的长者，做人的榜样，是“授人以鱼”和“授人以渔”的人。他们不是为了表率才去做表率，而是经过晚清民初历练之后，一种本性的自然流露，在他们举手投足之间，荟萃了东西方的知识学养和科学文明。这种气场，用中国传统话来说，就是天时、地利、人和。先生就像一群羊里的领头羊，凭着自身的生命体验，知道哪个地方有青草、阳光和水泉。

《新周刊》：“先生”这个词背后，代表着怎样一种教育理念？

邓康延：梅贻琦先生说过，他就是一个王帽，看着风光喧闹，主唱的还是那些教授。为什么西南联大那么艰难仍能人才辈出？就是因为有先生，具有独立之精神、自由之思想的先生。不论是梅贻琦还是胡适、张伯苓，面对违背了教育规律的事，跟蒋介石都能争执。他们不论治学还是做人，都能倾情投入，又不为名利缰索。反观现在的'教育，前30年被政治挂帅，后30年被金钱俘虏，独立精神，屡遭冲击……我觉得那一辈人心无旁骛，天高云淡，既有中华“仁、义、礼、智、信”的学养，又有西方“自由、民主、博爱”的熏陶，做到了足跨东西。他们也焦虑，但为创新途，即便被骂，也能忍辱负重。每当暗夜读先生，总有一种崇敬悲凉感——后人可能再也达不到那样的境界了。在先生身上，博爱悲悯、人性理性，像镜子一样比照着世间的丑恶。万事先做人，高人万世仰。gkstk

《新周刊》：陈丹青曾说“这类动物已经绝种了”，你如何看？

邓康延：胡适先生倡导白话文时曾说过：要有话说，方才说话。要说我自己的话，别说别人的话。是什么时代的人，说什么时代的话。引申出来就是：每一个时代都有自己的先生和人生榜样，只不过取舍的标准不同了，看问题的角度和社会环境不同了，装备和资源都不同了。

毫无疑问，这些民国先生是千年来可以和春秋战国诸子百家相媲美的，也是离我们最近的一个时代，它被战争和意识形态湮没了。我们所做的事，就是尽可能地复原。但我们也明白，城墙扒了，再怎么复原，再怎么烧砖，也是现在的砖，再无当年的质地。民国是兵荒马乱、颠沛流离，可有人怀有理想。不仅仅是先生，普通的民众也“敬字惜纸”，对文化有一种崇敬感。

《新周刊》：在“先生们”很辉煌的时代，也有很多很出名的“学生们”，能谈谈“学生们”吗？

邓康延：好的学生，他当然要懂得东方文化的礼仪：温和、上进、纯净、尊师、感恩……也受西方文明的影响，他是和先生站在平等的地位上，自尊自强地汲取知识。那个时期的先生和学生，经历了清朝帝制一朝毁灭。民国初生，百废待兴，生机勃发。好的先生和学生，是互相能汲取能量的，在文理上做出奉献。丰子恺是李叔同的学生，又是许多学生的先生。师承有爱，自然历久弥新。1966年，革委会通知要抬陈寅恪去批斗，家属很怕已骨折卧床的先生抬出去就很难活着回来。后来没来人揪斗，事后知道，陈寅恪的早年清华弟子、当时中大历史系的教授刘节代先生去了。造反派殴打刘节问他有何感受，刘节说：“能够代替老师来批斗，我感到很光荣。”

《新周刊》：你如何评价你们这些深受“先生”精神影响的人，包括和你一起做片子的这些人？

邓康延：高小龙拍胡适，百多小时素材实在不忍割爱，就有了120分钟的长版；马莉拍张伯苓也是拍出个80多分钟的长版；钱喻带的团队穿行大半个中国先调研再实拍，有受访者看是个民间小公司，不大想受访，一位老先生劝他说，他们是少有的拍摄前先调研沟通的团队。钱喻后来感慨道，原来只觉得我们的片名好，越深拍越被先生感动，好像每天都有新的发现；最后一集“陈寅恪”因故耽搁，找到王韧导演救急，他一边忙着照料病重的朱维铮先生，一边帮我们赶片。而恰好朱先生也在我们拍马相伯先生时带病接受采访，他也是替他的马先生讲述。此外，为更立体地表现先生，导演找出各种新的线索，让学生讨论，跟拍追随者的活动，日记朗读，动漫穿插……我们拍先生，其实也是我们在上课。忧伤的是，我们能看到他们，他们看不到我们。

19．请指出文中划线部分所用的修辞手法，并简要分析这种修辞手法的表达效果。（4分）

20．根据邓康延的观点，在“先生们”很辉煌的时代，好的学生应该具备哪些方面的特质？他们与好的先生之间应该是怎样的关系？（5分）

21．根据全文内容，从治学与做人两个方面概括“先生”的风范与精神，并简要分析其对我们今天产生的积极影响。（6分）

19. 比喻（2分），生动形象地（1分）揭示了“先生风范”的内涵(1分）。(或生动形象地诠释了什么是“先生风范”)

20. (1)①好的学生既要懂得东方文化的礼仪，如温和、上进、纯净、尊师、感恩等（1分）

②也要受到西方文明的影响，站在在与先生平等的地位上，自尊自强地汲取知识（1分）。(答对一点给1分，共两点，基本内容与答案相同即可)

(2)①好的学生与先生之间应该是互相能汲取能量的，能在文理上做出贡献的。

②师承有爱，在危难之际能互相扶持、肝胆相照的。（此点由文中所举事例归纳得出）

(答对一点给2分，答对2点给共3分.)

21. 风范与精神总结：

① 在治学与治教方面，先生是学业的长者，是“授人以鱼”和“授人以渔”的人，他们身上荟萃了东西方的知识学养与科学文明，治学能倾情投入，不计名利，坚持真理，具有独立之精神，自由之思想。

② 在做人方面，先生们能坚持真理，不畏权贵，博爱悲悯，人性理性，像镜子一样比照着世间丑恶，是做人的榜样，万世景仰的高人。(扣住主旨，答出大意即可，每点2分，共4分)

影响：只要能分别从求学与做人两方面谈正面的积极的影响即可。（每方面1分，满分2分）

【甲】已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林之乐，而不知人之乐;人知从太守游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。

(节选欧阳修《醉翁亭记》)

【乙】元丰六年十月十二日夜，解衣欲睡，月色入户，欣然起行。念无与为乐者，遂至承天寺寻张怀民。怀民亦未寝，相与步于中庭。庭下如积水空明，水中藻、荇(xìng)交横，盖竹柏影也。何夜无月?何处无竹柏?但少闲人如吾两人者耳。

(选自苏轼《记承天寺夜游》)

10.解释文中加点的词。(2分)

⑴翳( ) ⑵念( )

11.翻译下面语句。(2分)

⑴醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。

⑵但少闲人如吾两人者耳。

12.【甲】段写太守日暮醉归，这一段有描写、叙事、更融入了和两种表达方式，表现出全文主旨。(2分)

13.【乙】文中画线的语句运用了什么修辞?并分析其表达效果。(2分)

14.【甲】【乙】两文都是作者在被贬期间所写，请比较其在思想感情上异同。(3分)

【答案】10.⑴翳：遮盖 ⑵念：考虑、想到

11.⑴醉了能够同大家一起快乐，醒来能够用文章记述这乐事的人，是太守啊。⑵只是缺少像我俩这样清闲的人罢了。

12.抒情议论

13.示例：运用比喻的修辞手法，用“积水空明”比喻月光的清澈透明，用“藻荇交横”比喻竹柏倒影的清丽淡雅;生动形象地写出了庭中月下空明澄澈、疏影摇曳、似真似幻的美妙境界;表现出作者陶醉于这种清幽宁静的月夜之中。

14.示例：相同：面对贬谪不沉沦，在大自然中寻找精神寄托，表现出旷达情怀。不同：苏轼情感复杂，既有贬谪的悲凉、人生的感慨、又有赏月的欣喜、漫步的悠闲;欧阳修是“醉翁之意不在酒”，以宽和仁爱之心“与民同乐”。

【甲】至于负者歌于途，行者休于树，前者呼，后者应，伛偻提携，往来而不绝者，滁人游也。临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥，酿泉为酒，泉香而酒洌，山肴野蔌，杂然而前陈者，太守宴也。宴酣之乐，非丝非竹，射者中，弈者胜，觥筹交错，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。苍颜白发，颓然乎其间者，太守醉也。

已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游入去而禽鸟乐也。然而禽鸟知山林之乐，而不知人之乐;人知从太守游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。

——节选自欧阳修《醉翁亭记》

【乙】中岁颇好道，晚家南山陲。兴来每独往，胜事空自知。

行到水穷处，坐看云起时。偶然值林叟，谈笑无还期。

- ——王维《终南别业》

8.下列加点词语解释有误的一项是( )

A.杂然而前陈者(杂然：杂乱的样子) B.而不知太守之乐其乐也(乐：以……为乐)

C.胜事空自知(空：没有) D.偶然值林叟(值：遇到)

9.下列句子朗读停顿正确的一项是( )

A.至于负/者歌/于途 B.然而/禽鸟/知山林之乐

C.颓/然乎/其间者 D.晚/家南山/陲

10.下列选项中与例句句式相同的一项是( )

例：太守谓谁?庐陵欧阳修也。

A.城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。 B.见渔人，乃大惊。

C.孔子云：“何陋之有?” D.吾长见笑于大方之家。

11.对诗文内容或情感理解有误的一项是( )

A.甲文“醉”“乐”二字贯穿全文;乙诗“偶然”二字承启上下，二者都表现了作者的闲适情趣。

B.甲文太守之乐，乐在与民同乐，“醉能同其乐”一句点明主旨;乙诗诗人之乐，乐在自得其乐，“谈笑无还期”一句点明中心。

C.甲文第二段具体描绘了山林夕照的全景;乙诗没有具体景物的描绘。

D.甲文除写“乐”外，又暗合作者寄情山水排遣贬谪的苦闷情怀;乙诗则有诗人豁达胸襟的表达。

12.下列诗文赏析有误的一项是

A.甲文第一段通过四个场面的具体描写，描绘了滁州人民怡然自乐和众宾尽欢的.情态，从侧面烘托出滁州政治清明的景象。

B.树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也”一句，采用动静结合的写作手法，表现出山林的幽静。

C.“颓然乎其间者，太守醉也”一句，活脱脱地刻画出一个萎靡不振的醉汉形象。

D.乙诗结尾两句，引入偶遇之人，带有鲜明的生活气息。

13.将甲文中划线的句子译成现代汉语。(4分)

⑴伛偻提携，往来而不绝者，滁人游也。

⑵临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥。

14.试展开想象，体味“行到水穷处，坐看云起时”中“穷”、“起”的表达效果。(2分)

【答案】8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C

13.⑴老老小小的人们，来来往往，络绎不绝的，是滁州人在出游。 ⑵到溪边来钓鱼，溪水深鱼儿肥。

14.“穷”指尽头;“起”，升起的意思。一“穷”一“起”，生动形象地表现了自然之景的变幻。

《魏源》阅读试题

阅读下面的文言文，完成12—15题。（17分）

魏源，字文渊，建昌县人。永乐四年进士，除监察御史，辨松江知府黄子威诬，奏减浙东濒海渔课。巡按陕西，西安大疫，疗活甚众。奏言：“诸府仓粟积一千九十余万石，足支十年。今民疫妨农，请输钞代两税之半。”从之。两遭丧，俱起复。宣德五年，河南旱荒，民多转徙。帝以源廉正有为，命为左布政使，俾驰驿之任。时侍郎许廓往抚辑，廷议又起丁忧布政使李昌祺原官。源与廓、昌祺发仓廪，免逋赋杂役，流民渐归。雨亦旋降，岁大丰。居三年，召还，授刑部左侍郎。明年，永丰民夏九旭等据大盘山为乱。帝以源江西人，命抚之，都督任礼帅兵随其后。未至，官军擒九旭，因命二人采木四川，兼饬边务。英宗即位，进尚书。正统二年五月命整饬大同、宣府诸边，许便宜行事。源遣都督佥事李谦守独石，按行天城、朔州诸险要，令将吏分守。设威远卫，增修开平、龙门城，自独石抵宣府，增置墩堠。免屯军租一年，储火器为边备，诸依权贵避役者悉括归伍。寻以宣、大军务久弛，请召还巡抚佥都御史卢睿，而荐兵部侍郎于谦为镇守参赞。于是言官以临边擅易置大臣为源罪，合疏劾之。帝以源有劳，置不问。事竣还朝，与都御史陈智相詈于直庐①。智以闻，诏两责之。岁旱，录上疑狱，且请推行于天下，报可。旋坐决狱不当，与侍郎何文渊俱下狱。得宥，复以上辽王贵烚罪状，不言其内乱事，与三司官皆系诏狱。累月，释还职。源在刑部久，议狱多平恕。陕西佥事计资言，武臣杂犯等罪，予半俸，谪极边。源以所言深刻，奏寝之。六年以足疾命朝朔望。八年致仕，卒。

注：①直庐：旧时侍臣值宿之处。

12．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的是（3分）

A．奏减浙东濒海渔课课：赋税

B．俾驰驿之任俾：使，让

C．免逋赋杂役逋：拖欠

D．且请推行于天下，报可报：上报

13．以下各组句子中，全部直接表明魏源“有为”的一组是（3分）

①西安大疫，疗活甚众 ②两遭丧，俱起复

③帝以源廉正有为，命为左布政使 ④发仓廪，免逋赋杂役

⑤设威远卫，增修开平、龙门城 ⑥储火器为边备，诸依权贵避役者悉括归伍

A. ①③④ B. ①④⑤ C. ②③⑥ D. ②⑤⑥

14．下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的.一项是（3分）

A. 魏源治政宽缓，体恤百姓。他巡按陕西救治瘟疫中的百姓，并奏请输钞代税；河南旱灾，他开仓赈济百姓，流亡的百姓逐渐回归家园。

B. 魏源治边有方，守卫为务。他整治大同、宣府边务，派遣、奏请更换将吏守卫，修筑军事设施，储备军器，妥善安置军民，稳定了边境。

C. 魏源理政有为，深得皇帝信任。他整治大同、宣府边务时，皇帝准许他便宜行事；谏官上奏弹劾他临边擅自更换设置大臣，皇帝不予追究。

D. 魏源治狱平恕，但亦有不当。例如他认为计资的建议过于苛刻，就没有上报朝廷。

15．把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（8分）

（1）事竣还朝，与都御史陈智相詈于直庐。智以闻，诏两责之。（4分）

答：

（2）得宥，复以上辽王贵烚罪状，不言其内乱事，与三司官皆系诏狱。（4分）

答：

What unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.

Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.

What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?

(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?

(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?

(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?

2. The word “unique” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) inherited

(B) habitual

(D) natural

3. The word “rotting” in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) decaying

(B) collected

(D) cultivated

4. The word “key” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) uncommon

(B) important

(D) temporary

5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from

(A) one type of food consumption to another

(B) one environment to another

(D) a defensive to an offensive stance

6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate

(A) the advantages of specialization

(B) the type of food that larvae are fed

(D) the different stages of ant development

7. The author uses the word “Hence” in line 16 to indicate

(A) a logical conclusion

(B) the next step in a senes of steps

(D) the relationship among ants

8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT

(A) eusocial (line 3)

(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)

(D) predators (line 23)

9. The word “they” in line 25 refers to

(A) termites

(B) ants

(D) predators

10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites

(A) live above ground

(B) are eusocial

(D) eat almost no animal substances

参考答案：DCABC AACAD

The most thoroughly studied cases of deception strategies employed by ground-nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their nests merely scrapes in the sand or earth. Plovers also have an effective repertoire of tricks for distracting potential nest predators from their exposed and defenseless eggs or chicks.

The ever-watchful plover can detect a possible threat at a considerable distance. When she does, the nesting bird moves inconspicuously off the nest to a spot well away from eggs or chicks. At this point she may use one of several ploys. One technique involves first moving quietly toward an approaching animal and then setting off noisily through the grass or brush in a low, crouching run away from the nest, while emitting rodent like squeaks. The effect mimics a scurrying mouse or vole, and the behavior rivets the attention of the type of predators that would also be interested in eggs and chicks.

Another deception begins with quiet movement to an exposed and visible location well away from the nest. Once there, the bird pretends to incubate a brood. When the predator approaches, the parent flees, leaving the false nest to be searched. The direction in which the plover “escapes” is such that if the predator chooses to follow, it will be led still further away from the true nest.

The plover's most famous stratagem is the broken-wing display, actually a continuum of injury-mimicking behaviors spanning the range from slight disability to near-complete helplessness. One or both wings are held in an abnormal position, suggesting injury. The bird appears to be attempting escape along an irregular route that indicates panic. In the most extreme version of the display, the bird flaps one wing in an apparent attempt to take to the air, flops over helplessly, struggles back to its feet, runs away a short distance, seemingly attempts once more to take off, flops over again as the “useless” wing fails to provide any lift, and so on. Few predators fail to pursue such obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say, each short run between “flight attempts” is directed away from the nest.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The nest-building techniques of plovers

(B) How predators search for plovers

(D) Why plovers are vulnerable to predators

2. The word “merely” in fine 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) often

(B) only

(D) at first

3. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage about plovers?

(A) Their eggs and chicks are difficult to find.

(B) They are generally defenseless when away from their nests.

(D) Their nests are on the surface of the ground.

4. The word “emitting” in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) bringing

(B) attracting

(D) minimizing

5. In the deception technique described in paragraph 2, the plover tries to

(A) stay close to her nest

(B) attract the predator's attention

(D) frighten the approaching predator

6. The word “spanning” in line 19 is closest in meaning to

(A) covering

(B) selecting

(D) explaining

7. According to paragraph 4, which of the following aspects of the plover's behavior gives the appearance that it is frightened?

(A) Abnormal body position

(B) Irregular escape route

(D) Unusual amount of time away from the nest

8. The word “pursue” in line 25 is closest in meaning to

(A) catch

(B) notice

(D) chase

9. According to the passage , a female plover utilizes all of the following deception techniques EXCEPT

(A) appearing to be injured

(B) sounding like another animal

(D) pretending to sit on her eggs

10. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage ?

(A) A description of the sequence of steps involved in plovers nest building

(B) A generalization about plover behavior followed by specific examples

(D) A cause-and-effect analysis of the relationship between a prey and a predator

参考答案：CBDCB ABDCB

Geographers say that what defines a place are four properties: soil, climate, altitude, and aspect, or attitude to the Sun. Florida's ancient scrub demonstrates this principle. Its soil is pure silica, so barren it supports only lichens as ground cover. It does, however, sustain a sand-swimming lizard that cannot live where there is moisture or plant matter the soil. Its climate, despite more than 50 inches of annual rainfall, is blistering desert. The only plant life it can sustain is the xerophytic, the quintessentially dry. Its altitude is a mere couple of hundred feet, but it is high ground on a peninsula elsewhere close to sea level, and its drainage is so critical that a difference of inches in elevation can bring major changes in its plant communities. Its aspect is flat direct, brutal — and subtropical.

Florida's surrounding lushness cannot impinge on its desert scrubbiness. This does not sound like an attractive place. It does not look much like one either: shrubby little oaks, clumps of scraggly bushes prickly pear, thorns, and tangles. “It appears,” Said one early naturalist, “to desire to display the result of the misery through which it has passed and is passing”. By our narrow standards, scrub is not beautiful; neither does it meet our selfish utilitarian needs. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant, what is beautiful about such a place?

The most important remaining patches of scrub lie along the Lake Wales Ridge, a chain of paleoislands running for a hundred miles down the center of Florida, in most places less than ten miles wide. It is relict seashore, tossed up millions of years ago when ocean levels were higher and the rest of the peninsula was submerged. That ancient emergence is precisely what makes Lake Wales Ridge so precious: it has remained unsubmerged, its ecosystems essentially undisturbed since the Miocene era. As a result, it has gathered to itself one of the largest collections of rare organisms in the world. Only about 75 plant species survive there, but at least 30 of these are found nowhere else on Earth.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How geographers define a place

(B) The characteristics of Florida's ancient scrub

(D) The history of the Lake Wales Ridge

2. The author mentions all of the following factors that define a place EXCEPT

(A) aspect

(B) altitude

(D) life-forms

3. It can be inferred from the passage that soil composed of silica

(A) does not hold moisture

(B) is found only in Florida

(D) provides food for many kinds of lizards