下面是小编收集整理的12月英语六级阅读理解强化练习题及答案，本文共12篇，供大家参考借鉴，欢迎大家分享。
A strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal – a poisonous snake or a wild cat – we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one’s own, but if we take account of the long competition, which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal man – indeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal man – human rage becomes more comprehensible. ?
In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using the words “us and them”. “Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of “us” and “them” is the touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of these modern psychological representations of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. ?
The readiness with which humans allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the Pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until the combatants become exhausted.
31.A suitable title for this passage would be____. ?
A) Why Human Armies Are Formed?B) Man’s Anger Against Rage?
C) The Human Capacity for Rage?D) Early Struggles of Angry Man ?
32.According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is____. ?
A) its lengthy and complex development?B) a conflict such as is now going on in Northern Ireland?
C) that we do not fly into a temper more often?D) that we reserve anger for mankind ?
33.The passage suggests that____. ?
A) historically, we have created an “us” versus “them” society
B) humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping
C) the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination?
D) the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time ?
34.From the passage we can infer that ____. ?
A) the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happens?
B) games are psychologically unhealthy?C) any artificially created subspecies would be our enemy?
D) the real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man’s activities ?
35.The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is____. ?
A) founded in historical fact B) deceptive?C) apparent D) probably accurate
答案：CDADB
The first way we can approach language is as a phenomenon of the individual person. It is concerned with describing and explaining language as a matter of human behavior. People speak and write; they also evidently read and understand what they hear. They are not born doing so; they have to acquire these skills. Not everybody seems to develop them to the same degree. People may suffer accidents or diseases, which impair their performance. Language is thus seen as part of human psychology, a particular sort of behavior, the behavior, which has as its principal, function that of communication.
The trouble with the term “behavior” is that it is often taken to refer only to more or less overt, and describable, physical movements and acts. Yet part of language behavior-that of understanding spoken or written language, for example-has little or no physically observable signs. It is true we can sometimes infer that understanding has taken place by the changes that take place in the other person’s behavior. When someone has been prohibited from doing something, we may infer that he has understood the prohibition by observing that thereafter he never behaves in that way. We cannot, of course, be absolutely sure that his subsequent behavior is a result of his understanding; it might be due to a loss of interest or inclination. So behavior must be taken to include unobservable activity, often only to be inferred from other observable behavior.
Once we admit that the study of language behavior involves describing and explaining the unobservable, the situation becomes much more complicated, because we have to postulate some set of processes, some internal mechanism, which operates when we speak and understand. We have to postulate something we can call a mind. The study of language from this point of view can then be seen as a study of the specific properties, processes and states of the mind whose outward manifestations are observable behavior; what we have to know in order to perform linguistically.?This approach to language, as a phenomenon of the individual, is thus principally concerned with explaining how we acquire language, and its relation to general human cognitive systems, and with the psychological mechanisms underlying the comprehension and production of speech; much less with the problem of what language is for, that is, its function as communication, since this necessarily involves more than a single individual.
36.What is the best title for this passage?
A) Language as Means of Communication.B) Language and Psychology.
C) Language and the Individual.D) Language as a Social Phenomenon.
37.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Language is often regarded as part of human psychology.
B) People develop language skills of different degrees as a result of different personal experiences.
C) Language is a special kind of psychological behavior that is born with an individual.
D) People learn to speak and write through imitation and training.
38.What does the term “behavior” in the second paragraph especially refer to in this passage?
A) It refers to observable and physical movements and acts.
B) It refers to the part of language behavior that involves understanding or interpretation.
C) It refers to both the overt and the unobservable language behaviors in communicating.
D) It refers to acts of speaking and writing.
39.What does “internal mechanism”(Line 3, Para. 3) mean?
A) Secret machine. B) Mental processes.C) Overt system. D) Mechanic operation.
40.What can you infer from the passage?
A) Its individualistic approach to language is meant to study the psychological processes of language acquisition.
B) The individualistic approach to language is mainly concerned with how language functions in society.
C) The study of language is sure to involve more than a single individual.
D) Psychological approach to language is concerned with the comprehension and production of speech.
答案：CCCBA
I live in the land of Disney， Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a glamorous， fun-filled place are happier than others. If so， you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper， more abiding emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game， watching a movie or television， are fun activities that help us relax， temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness， because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play， it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich， beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties， fancy cars， expensive homes， everything that spells “happiness”。 But in memoir after memoir， celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun： depression， alcoholism， drug addiction， broken marriages， troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he‘s honest， he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun， adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments， but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Similarly， couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out ever they want and sleep as late as they want. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night‘s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations we can ever come to. It liberates time： now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money： buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy： we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
1.Which of the following is true?
A.Fun creates long-lasting satisfaction.
B.Fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness.
C.Happiness is enduring whereas fun is short-lived.
D.Fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness.
2.To the author， Hollywood stars all have an important role to play that is to __.
A.rite memoir after memoir about their happiness.
B.tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun.
C.teach people how to enjoy their lives.
D.bring happiness to the public instead of going to glamorous parties.
3.In the author‘s opinion， marriage___.
A.affords greater fun.
B.leads to raising children.
C.indicates commitment.
D.ends in pain.
4.Couples having infant children___.
A.are lucky since they can have a whole night‘s sleep.
B.find fun in tucking them into bed at night.
C.find more time to play and joke with them.
D.derive happiness from their endeavor.
5.If one get the meaning of the true sense of happiness， he will__.
A.stop playing games and joking with others.
B.make the best use of his time increasing happiness.
C.give a free hand to money.
D.keep himself with his family.
答案：CBCDB
选词填空：
Virtually every activity that entails orfacilitates…
26.C.cumulative
27.1.scale
28.F. foreseeable
29.J.strangle
30.G.predictions
31.D. disruptions
32.B. credited
33.A. credential
34.M.survive
35.E.Federal
信息匹配：
Why lifelong leaming is the inte mationalpassport to suc-cess
36.[H] Those projects are then interwovenwith fast-pacedtechnical modules (模块)learned’on-the-fly’and’atwilr depending on the nature of the project .
37.[E] The Bachelar’s degree could beyour passport to lifo-long learning .
38.[B] Why?Because universities andcurricula are designedalong the three unities of French classical tragedy ： time，ac-tion，andplace.
39.[K] Sound like sciencefiction?
40.D] In addition to technicalcapabilities ， the very nature ofprojects develops socialand entrepreneurial skills ，suc hasdesign thinking ， initiative taking ，teamleading， activity re-porting or resource planning .
41.[C] The university model needs toevolve .
42.[J] After the MSc diploma is earned ， there would be manymore stamps of lifelong learning over the years.
43.[N] Even if time were not an issue ，who will pay for life-long learning?
44[F] Recent advances in computationalmethods and datascience push us into rethinking science and engineering ，45.[M] This could fix the main organisational challenges fortheuniversity ，butnotforthelearners， due to lack of time-family obligations or funds .
仔细阅读：
46. B) People’s reluctance to becompelled to eat plantbased food.
47. A) Radically change their dietaryhabits.
48. B) Many people simply do not haveaccess to foods they prefer
49. D) It may worsen the nourishmentproblem in lowincome countries.
50. A) It accepts them at the expense ofthe long-term interests of its people.
51. C) They constantly dismissothers’proposals while taking no responsibility for tacklingthe problem.
52. D A distinction should be drawnbetween responsibility and fault
53. A Stop them from going further byagreeing with them.
54. B) They are prompted to come up withideas for making possible changes.
55. C Assuming responsibility to freeoneself
选词填空：
Socialdistancing is putting people out of work ， ……
26.C.driven
27.O.vulnerable
28.H.random
29.N.unque
30.L.thriftier
31.K.temptations
32.A.amazing
33.D.engaged
34.J.spiritually
35.B.closer
信息匹配：暂无
仔细阅读：
46.C) It may make us feel isolated andincompetent .
47.A) They do not find all their onlinefriends trustworthy .48.C) Paint a rosy picture of a the rpeaple’slives.
49.A They should record the memorablemoments inpeo-ple’s lives
50.D Strengthen ties with real – lifefriends instead of caringabout their online image
S1.A) Ruining their culture .
52.D) Different chimp groups differ intheir wayofcommu-nication .
53.B) Chimp behavior becomes less varied withthe increaseof human activity .
54C) Study the unique characteristics ofeach generation ofchimps，
55.C] Conserve animal species in a noveland all -roundway.
英语六级算分到底是怎么算的
英语六级的分数计算：听力分数占总分35%共249分、阅读分数占总分35%共249分、综合分数占总分10%共70分、写作和翻译分数占总分20%共142分。
由国家教育部任命成立“全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会”，考试委员会由全国若干重点大学的有关教授和专家组成，设顾问二人，主任委员一人，副主任委员若干人，专业委员会委员和咨询委员会委员各若干人。全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会在学术上、组织上对大学英语考试负责。部分考务工作由“教育部考试中心”负责。考试委员会设办公室作为常设办事机构。
全国大学英语六级考试的主要对象是高等学校修完大学英语四级的本科生;同等程度的大专生或硕士研究生经所在学校同意，可在本校报名参加考试;同等程度的夜大或函授大学学生经所在学校同意，可在本校报名参加考试;1987年后毕业需要补考的大学本科毕业生。
符合大学英语六级考试报名条件的人员包括：全日制普通高校专科、本科和研究生中的在校生;另外，本校已设六级考点，原则上不得跨校考试。大学英语六级考试是一项大规模标准化考试，这种考试属于尺度相关常模参照性考试(criterion-relatednorm-referencedtest)，即以教学大纲为考试的依据，但同时又反映考生总体的正态分布情况。
选词填空：
This idea of taxing things that are…
26.A. discouraging
27.E. impaired
28.J. instrumental
29.N.pump
30.G. incentives
31.M. probably
32.B. dividend
33.L.predict
34.H. inherently
35.0.swelling
信息匹配：
Slow Hope
36.[E] Some of today ‘s narratives aboutthe future seem tosuggest that wetoo，likePrometheus， will be saved by a newHercules ，a divineengineer someone who will master-mind， manoeuvre andmanipulate our planet .
37.DWeneedan acknowledgement of ourpresent ecologi-cal plight but also a language of pasitivechange， visions ofabetterfuture .
38.[C] Today we can no longer ignore theecological cursesthat we have released in our search for warmth and com-fort.
39.[K] The unscrupulous (无所忌的)commodificationoffood and the destruction of foodstuffs wilcontinue to dev-a states oils， livelihoods andecologies .
40.[D] Acceleration is the signature ofour time .
41.[G] This much is clear we need to findways that help usflatten the hockey-stick curves that reflect ourever-fasterpace of ecological destruction and social acceleration .
42.[A] Our world is full of-mostlyuntold-star ies of slowhope， driven by the idea thatchange is possible .
43.[F] Yet，ifweenvisage our salvation to come from a deusexmachina(解围之种)， from a divine engineer or a techsolutionist who wll miraculously conjure up a new source ofenergy or another cure-allwith revolutionary patency ，wemight be looking in thewrong place .
44[L] We need an acknowledgement of ourpresent eco lagi-cal plight but also a language of positive change ， visions ofabetter future .
45.[B] At the beginning of time-so goesthe myth-humanssuffered ， shivering in the cold anddark until the titan(巨人) Prometheus stole fire from thegods.
仔细阅读：
46.B) The near impossibility ofappreciating art in an age of mass tourism.
47.B) It is quite common to misinterpretartistic works.
48.C) Good management is key to handlinglarge crowds ofvisitors.
49.BItis possible to combineentertainment with apprecia-tion of serious art.
50.C Helpustosee the world from adifferent perspective.
51.D) It takes no notice of the potentialimpact on the envi-@ronment.
52.A It has the capacity and thefinancial resources to do so.
53.D) Farming consumes most of ournatural resources.
54.D) Its alleged failure to regulate theindustries.
55.B) Endeavor to ensure the sustainabledevelopment ofagriculture.
Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-4, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
April Fools’ Special: History’s Hoaxes
Happy April Fools’ Day. To mark the occasion, National Geographic News has compiled a list of some of the more memorable hoaxes in recent history. They are the lies, darned(可恨的) lies, and whoppers(弥天大谎)that have been perpetrated on the gullible(易受骗的)and unsuspecting to fulfill that age-old desire held by some to put the joke on others.
Internet Hoaxes
The Internet has given birth to a proliferation(增殖)of hoaxes. E-mail inboxes are bombarded on an almost daily basis with messages warning of terrible computer viruses that cause users to delete benign(良性)chunks of data from their hard drives, or of credit card scams that entice the naive to give all their personal information, including passwords and bank account details, to identity thieves. Other e-mails give rise to wry(歪曲的)chuckles, which is where this list begins.
Ban Dihydrogen Monoxide(一氧化二氢)
City officials in Aliso Viejo, California, were so concerned about the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide that they scheduled a vote last month on whether to ban foam(泡沫)cups from city-sponsored events after they learned the chemical was used in foam-cup production.
Officials called off the vote after learning that dihydrogen monoxide is the scientific term for water.
“It’s embarrassing,” city manager David J. Norman told the Associated Press. “We had a paralegal(律师助手)who did bad research.”
Indeed, the paralegal had fallen victim to an official-looking Web site touting the dangers of dihydrogen monoxide. An e-mail originally authored in 1990 by Eric Lechner, then a graduate student at the University of California, Santa Cruz, claimed that dihydrogen monoxide “is used as an industrial solvent and coolant, and is used in the production of Styrofoam(聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料).”
Other dangers pranksters(爱开玩笑的人)associated with the chemical included accelerated corrosion and rusting, severe burns, and death from inhalation.
Versions of the e-mail continue to circulate today, and several Web sites, including that of the Coalition to Ban DHMO, warn, tongue-in-cheek, of water’s dangers.
Alabama Changes Value of Pi
The April newsletter put out by New Mexicans for science and Reason contains an article titled “Alabama Legislature Lays Siege to Pi”. It was penned by April Holiday of the Associmated Press (sic) and told the story of how the Alabama state legislature voted to change the value of the mathematical constant Pi from 3.14159 to the round number of 3.
The ersatz(假的)news story was written by Los Alamos National Laboratory physicist Mark Boslough to parody(滑稽地模仿)legislative and school board attacks on the teaching of evolution in New Mexico.
At Boslough’s suggestion, Dave Thomas, the president of New Mexicans for science and Reason, posted the article in its entirety to the Internet newsgroup Talk. Origins on April 1. (The newsgroup hosts a lively debate on creation vs. evolution.) Later that evening Thomas posted a full confession to the hoax. He thought he had put all rumors to bed.
But to Thomas’s surprise, however, several newsgroup readers forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.
When Thomas checked in on the story a few weeks later, he was surprised to learn that it had spread like wildfire. The telltale signs of the article’s satirical intent, such as the April 1 date and misspelled “Associmated Press” dateline, had been replaced or deleted.
Alabama legislators were bombarded with calls protesting the law. The legislators explained that the news was a hoax. There was not and never had been such a law.
TV and Newspaper Hoaxes
Before the advent of the Internet, and even today, traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio, and television, have sometimes hoaxed their audiences. The deceptions run the gamut from purported natural disasters to wishful news.
Swiss Spaghetti (意大利式细面条) Harvest
Alex Boese, curator of the Museum of Hoaxes, a regularly updated Web site that also appeared in book form in November , said one of his favorite hoaxes remains one perpetrated by the British Broadcasting Company.
On April 1, 1957, the BBC aired a report on the television news show Panorama about the bumper spaghetti harvest in southern Switzerland.
Viewers watched Swiss farmers pull pasta off spaghetti trees as the show’s anchor, Richard Dimbleby, attributed the bountiful harvest to the mild winter and the disappearance of the spaghetti weevil.
The broadcaster detailed the ins and outs of the life of the spaghetti farmer and anticipated questions about how spaghetti grows on trees. Thousands of people believed the report and called the BBC to inquire about growing their own spaghetti trees, to which the BBC replied, “Place a sprig of spaghetti in a tin of tomato sauce and hope for the best.”
“It was a great satirical effect about British society,” Boese said. “British society really was like that at that time. The British have a tendency to be a bit insulated(绝缘的) and do not know that much about the rest of Europe.”
Taco Liberty Bell
On April 1, , readers in five major U.S. cities opened their newspapers to learn from a full page announcement that the Taco Bell Corporation had purchased the Liberty Bell from the U.S. government. The announcement reported that the company was relocating the historic bell from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Irvine, California. The move, the corporation said in the advertisement, was part of an “effort to help the national debt”.
Hundreds of other newspapers and television shows ran stories related to the press release on the matter put out by Taco Bell’s public relations firm, PainePR. Outraged citizens called the Liberty Bell National Historic Park in Philadelphia to express their disgust. A few hours later the public relations firm released another press announcement stating that the stunt was a hoax.
White House press secretary Mike McCurry got into the act when he remarked that the government would also be “selling the Lincoln Memorial to Ford Motor Company and renaming it the Lincoln-Mercury Memorial”.
Crop Circles
Strange, circular formations began to appear in the fields of southern England in the mid-1970s, bringing busloads of curious onlookers, media representatives, and believers in the paranormal out to the countryside for a look.
A sometimes vitriolic(讽刺的)debate on their origins has since ensued(跟着发生), and the curious formations have spread around the world, becoming more and more elaborate as the years go by.
Some people consider the crop formations to be the greatest works of modern art to emerge from the 20th century, while others are convinced they are signs of extraterrestrial communications or landing sites of UFOs.
The debate rages even today, although in 1991 Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, two elderly men from Wiltshire County, came forward and claimed responsibility for the crop circles that appeared there over the preceding 20 years. The pair made the circles by pushing down nearly ripe crops with a wooden plank suspended from a rope.
Moon Landing―a Hoax?
Ever since NASA sent astronauts to the moon between 1969 and 1972, skeptics have questioned whether the Apollo missions were real or simply a ploy to one-up(领先)the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The debate resurfaced and reached crescendo levels in February , when For television aired a program called Conspiracy Theory: Did We Land on the Moon?
Guests on the show argued that NASA did not have the technology to land on the moon. Anxious to win the space race, NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios, they said. The conspiracy theorists pointed out that the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include stars and that the flag the Americans planted on the moon is waving, even though there is though to be no breeze on the moon.
NASA quickly refuted these claims in a series of press releases, stating that any photographer would know it is difficult to capture something very bright and very dim on the same piece of film. Since the photographers wanted to capture the astronauts striding across the lunar surface in their sunlit space suits, the background stars were too faint to see.
As for the flag, NASA said that the astronauts were turning it back and forth to get in firmly planted in the lunar soil, which made it wave.
1. Some people have the age-old desire to put the joke on others.
2. According to the passage, the only form of Internet hoaxes is e-mail hoax.
3. Dihydrogen monoxide is a very dangerous chemical, which is often used as an industrial solvent.
4. Dihydrogen monoxide can accelerate corrosion and rusting, and cause sever burns and even death from inhalation.
5. The reason why the ersatz news that Alabama changed the value of Pi spread wildly was that ________ forwarded the article to friends and posted it on other newsgroups.
6. Traditional media outlets such as ________ may still hoax their audiences nowadays.
7. According to Boese, many people believed the report of Swiss spaghetti harvest because the British did not know ________.
8. According to a hoax announcement, the Taco Bell Corporation bough the Liberty Bell and moved it to Irvine to help ________.
9. The crop circles were thought to be the greatest works of modern art, the signs of ________ or landing sites of UFOs.
10. Some people thought that NASA acted out the Apollo program in movie studios partially because the pictures transmitted from the moon do not include ________.
Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance.The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom,we have a way of thinking,is behavior at its most commonplace.As a matter of fact,it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over,is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions.Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of firsi-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.
No man ever looks at the world with pristine(未受外界影响的)eyes.He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking.Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particulartraditional customs.John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of che total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.When one seriously studies social orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently,the figure (比喻)becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation.The life history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community.From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior.By the time he can talk,he is the little creature of his culture,and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities,its habits are his habits,its beliefs his beliefs,its impossibilities his impossibilities.
1.What is the author’s attiude towards custom as behavior at its most commonplace?
2.The great varieties of custom are taken by the author as the_________aspect of the issue.
3.According to John Dewey, we can impose______________influence on our cultural tradition.
4.The author tends to regard John Dewey’s idea as___________________.
5.An individual’s experience and behavior are influenced by the customs since he_____________.
答案：
1.[Negative./Disapproving.]
[定位]根据a its most commonplace查找到首段第2句。
解析：首段第2句提到，对于习俗，我们通常的看法是，那只是一种最平常的行为方式而已。下一句用As a matter of fact转折，表示“事实上却是另外一种情况”，由此可见，作者对人们关于习俗的那种通常的看法是不赞成的、否定的，因此本题答案为Negative./Disapproving.
2.[most/first-rate important]
[定位]根据the great varieties查找到首段末句。
解析：首段末句表明作者认为最重要的事实是风俗也可能有多种表现方式。也就是说，风俗的多种表现方式被作者当成问题最重要的一个方面，由于题目空白处后面是名词aspect，所以应把原文中的first-rate importance换成其形容词形式，故本题答案为most/first-rate important。
3.[very little]
[定位]根据John Dewey和cultural tradition查找到第2段第4句。
解析：本题关键要弄懂John Dewey的话，他用了一个关于幼儿学母语的比喻来说明一个人对传统习俗的反作用。John Dewey认为“一个人咿呀学语时所创造出来并被自己家人接受的词汇肯定比他母语的所有词汇少得多”，也就是说，我们对传统习俗所施加的影响是极其微小的，所以空白处应填人very little。
4.[an exact and matter-of-fact observation]
[定位]根据regard John Dewey’s idea查找到第2段第4、5句。
解析：第2段第4句提到John Dewey的观点时用了一个比喻，下一句就表明了作者对这个比喻的看法，题目问作者对John Dewey的观点的看法也就等同于问作者对这个比喻的看法，故no more than后的an exact and matter-of-fact observation就是本题答案。
5.[is born]
[定位]根据experience and behavior查找到第2段倒数第2句。
解析：题目与原文该句的内容相同，原文中讲到，从一个人诞生之日起，他所处环境的习俗就制约着他的体验和行为方式。空白处缺少谓语，而根据原文中的from the moment of his birth可知，此题since he后应填is born。
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六级词汇讲解：
本句的主干是Countries…score highly…。with引导的介词短语作定语，修饰countries;when引导的是时间状语从句。
appropriate意为“适当的;相称的”。如：
Ordinary shoes are not appropriate for running.
普通的鞋子不适于跑步。
score意为“得分”，该词还含有“记分;获胜”之意。如：
I will score for this football match.
这场足球比赛将由我来记分。
when it comes to意为“当谈到……;当涉及……”。如：
When it comes to cooking I know nothing.
说到做饭，我是一窍不通。
六级考点归纳：
score表示“计分，得分”时，除了作动词，还可以作名词，相关表达有：
表示“得分，分数”。如：
He got the lowest score in the class.
他的成绩是全班最低的。
know the score意为“了解情况(指主要事实)”。如：
The new staffdon’t know the score yet.
新来的员工对实际情况尚不熟悉。
on the score of意为“因为”。如：
Billy couldn’t attend the meeting on the score ofill health.
比利因健康状况不佳而不能参加会议了。
on this/that score意为“就这用厣一点而言”。如：
Nobody has any doubt on that score.
对那一点没人怀疑。
Anne Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. “I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn’t think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. ” Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, “My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn’t even write them down!”
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show (heir anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with (heir tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
An expert at the University of California explains, “ With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. ”
26. To “blank out” is probably______.
A. to be like a blanket B. to be sure of an answer
C. to be unable to think clearly D. to show knowledge to the teacher
27. Poor grades are usually the result of______.
A. poor sleeping habit B. laziness
C. lack of sleep D. inability to form good study habits
28. Test anxiety has been recognized as______.
A. an excuse for laziness B. the result of poor study habits
C. a real problem D. something that cannot be changed
29. To deal with this problem, students say they want to______.
A. take a short course on anxiety
B. read about anxiety
C. be able to manage or understand their anxiety
D. take tests to prove they are not anxious
30. A University of California advisor said______.
A. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
B. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising course
C. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course
D. students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course
答案解析
26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B
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Most people would probably agree that many individual consumer adverts function on the level of the daydream. By picturing quite unusually happy and glamorous people whose success in either career of sexual terms, or both, is obvious, adverts construct an imaginary world in which the reader is able to make come true those desires which remain unsatisfied in his or her everyday life.
An advert for a science fiction magazine is unusually explicit about this. In addition to the primary use value of the magazine, the reader is promised access to a wonderful universe through the product―access to other mysterious and tantalizing worlds and epochs, the realms of the imagination. When studying advertising, it is therefore unreasonable to expect readers to decipher adverts as factual statements about reality. Most adverts are just too meagre in informative content and too rich in emotional suggestive detail to be read literally. If people read then literally, they would soon be forced to realize their error when the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize.
The average consumer is not surprised that his purchase of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement, for this is what he is used to in life: the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain. But the fantasy is his to keep; in his dream world he enjoys a “future endlessly deferred”.
The Estivalia advert is quite explicit about the fact that advertising shows us not reality, but a fantasy; it does so by openly admitting the daydream but in a way that insists on the existence of a bridge linking daydream to reality―Estivalia, which is “for daydream believers”, those who refuse to give up trying to make the hazy ideal of natural beauty and harmony come true.
If adverts function on the daydream level, it clearly becomes in adequate to merely condemn advertising for channeling readers’ attention and desires towards an unrealistic, paradisiacal nowhere land. Advertising certainly does that, but in order for people to find it relevant, the utopia visualized in adverts must be linked to our surrounding reality by a casual connection.
1.The people in adverts are in most coves ___.
A.happy and glamorous
B.successful
C.obvious
D.both A and B
2.When the glamorous promises held out by the adverts didn’t materialize the average consumer is not surprised, because ___.
A.The consumer is used to the fact that the individual’s pursuit of happiness and success is usually in vain.
B.Adverts are factual statements about reality.
C.The consumer can come into the realms of imagination pictured by adverts.
D.Adverts can make the consumer’s dreams come true.
3.What’s the bridge linking daydream to reality in adverts?
A.The product.
B.Estivalia.
C.Pictures.
D.Happy and glamorous people.
4.Why does the consumer accept the daydream in adverts?
A.Because the consumer enjoys a “future endlessly deferred.”
B.Because the consumer gives up trying to make his dream come true.
C.Because the utopia is visualized in adverts.
D.Because his purchased of the commodity does not redeem the promise of the advertisement.
5.What is this passage mainly concerned with?
A.Many adverts can be read literally.
B.Everyone has a daydream.
C.Many adverts function on the level of the daydrea
D.Many adverts are deceitful because they can not make good their promises.
答案：
DABAC
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American Football
American football is a unique sport-it is a game about gaining territory as much as it is about scoring points. When two teams step onto a football field,each is battling for every inch it can take from the other.Each team wants to defend the field that is behind it and invade the field in front of it. Ultimately,they want to gain enough ground to score a touchdown or field goal.
Ground Rules
Football is a game of inches played on a field measured in yards-English measurements are used to track movements on the field.Teams succeed based on how many yards they accumulate or allow. An official NFL (National Football League) football field is a rectangle that is 120 yards(110 m) long and 53 yards. I foot (49m) wide. Most fields are covered in grass and set in an outdoor (open-air} stadium. Some fields are made of artificial turf, which you’ll find in many of the indoor stadiums.
The most essential piece of equipment in a football game is the ball.Official NFL footballs are handmade by Wilson Sporting Goods Co. The football is an oblong (椭圆形的) sphere and has a lengthwise circumference(周线) and a width-wise circumference in the middle of the ball.
With the equipment identified and the field set, we can now play a game.An NFL game is divided into four quarters with an extended halftime break between quarters two and three. Each quarter is 15 minutes long. lf the teams are tied after four quarters of play,they play an additional overtime period of 15 minutes. Inthe overtime, the first team to score wins.
While the game time adds up to one hour, it usually takes three to four hours to play a game. Teams can stop the clock by running out of bounds,throwing an incomplete pass, or calling a time-out, of which they have three per half. Time also stops for each of the two-minute warnings, observed two minutes prior to the end of the second and fourth quarters.
Who’s Who
An NFL roster allows for no more than 53 players on a team. At any one time, only 11 players per team are allowed on the field. To understand an NFL roster, you have to identify the three teams within a team: theoffense. the defense and special teams. Each of these groups has specialized positions with a specific setof skills.
Offense
A team’s offense is responsible for taking the ball down the field toward its opponent’s end zone. To do this. the offense throws the ball from one player to another or holds the ball and runs forward. Here are the basic offensive positions.
Quarterback (QB)-This player throws the ball to receivers or hands it off to running backs. The quarterback is also known as the “field general,”because he’s the on-the-field leader.
Offensive linemen-These players provide blocking for the quarterback and running backs. Individual linemanpositions include:
Center (C)-The center is located in the middle of the line. This player hikes the ball to the quarterback by bringing the ball up between his legs.
Guards (LG/RG)-These two players flank the center.
Tackles (LT/RT)-The tackles are positioned on the outside of each guard;teams have two tackles.
Receivers-Receivers run down the field and catch balls thrown by the quarterback. Receivers are either wide receivers (WR) or tight ends (LTE/RTE).depending on where they are positioned on the field.
Running backs-Running backs take the ball from the quarterback and run up the field. Depending on the fomation (arrangement of the offensive players, a running back might be called a tailback (TB), halfback (HB) or fullback (FB).
Defense
When a team does not have possession of the ball, it is on defense and uses various methods to prevent theother team’s offense from scoring. These players must tackle the offensive player who has the ball to stopthe offense from advancing.Defense will also try to take the ball away from the offense.
Here are the basic defensive positions:
Defensive linemen-The linemen put pressure on the quarterback by trying to tackle him before he releases the ball. They also try to stop running backs.There are typically three or four defensive linemen.
Linebackers-When there are four linemen, there is a middle linebacker(MLB) and two outside linebackers (OLB). When there are three linemen. there are two inside linebackers (ILB) and two outside linebackers. Their job is to back up the linemen. as well as contain runners and cover receivers on some plays.
Cornerbacks (CB)-The cornerbacks prevent the wide receivers from catching the ball by breaking up passes from the quarterback.
Safeties-The safeties play deep behind the rest of the defense to prevent a long pass or run. A strong safety (SS) lines up on the side of the field where there are more offensive players. The free safety (FS) plays a deep, middle position.
Special Teams
If a team has to kick the ball, it uses its special-teams unit. This unit includes the team’s kickers, theoffensive line, and players who run down the field to tackle a returner(see below).
Placekicker-The placekicker kicks the ball through the goalposts to score points and kicks the ball to theother team to start the game and after each scoring possession.
Punter-The punter free-kicks the ball if his team cannot advance the ball down the field.
Returner-During a kickoff or punt, the returner tries to catch the ball and return it as far as he can. A player can score a touchdown on a rcturn.
Moving the Ball and Finding the End Zone
A football game begins with a coin toss to decide which team will receive the opening kickoff. From the opening kickoff, the two teams battle to take possession of the ball. Possession means that a team’s offensive unit has the ball.
A team can take possession of the ball in several ways:
Receiving a kickoff-A team receives a kickoff at the beginning of each half and after the other team scores.
Turnover-A team recovers a ball dropped by the other team (fumble)or picks off a ball thrown by the other team’s quarterback (interception).
Safety-A player is tackled in his own end zone, meaning the end zone his team is defending, so the other team gets the ball though a free kick.
Punt-The defensive team stops the offensive team from getting 10 yards in three downs, and the offensive team free-kicks, or punts, the ball to the other team on third down.
Turnover on downs-The offensive team fails to advance the ball lO yands in four downs and has to surrenderthe ball to the other team.
For those new to the sport the last two scenarios on this list may not make sense. One of the most confusing concepts of American-style football is the down-and-distance system. Every time a team takes possessionof the ball, it is given a set of four downs, or attempts, to move the ball l0 yards. If the team can movethe ball lO yards or more Within four downs, the team gets another set of four downs to go another l0 yards, and so on. For instance, if a team advances 3 yards on first down, the next play is second down with 7 yards to go (second and 7); if the team then advances 5 yards on second down, the next play is third and 2; if the team then advances 2 or more yards on third down, the next play is back to first and lO, wich a whole new set of four downs during which to advance the ball.
1.The success of a team is measured by means of_______________________.
A) the yards it gains
B) the field goals it scores
C) the strategy it uses
D) the touchdowns it scores
2.When the teams need to play the overtime period,the team that__________________wins.
A) gains more ground
B) gets more touchdowns
C) scores before the other
D) gets the first penalty kick
3.How many timeouts are the teams allowed to have?
A) Two for each quarter.
B) Three for each half.
C) Three for each quarter.
D) Two for each half.
4.What is included in an NFL roster?
A) All the players on the team.
B) The substitute players and coaches.
C) Only the players allowed on the field.
D) The offense,the defense and special teams.
5.The role of the on-the-field leader is played by ______________________.
A) a receiver
B) a quarterback
C) a running back
D) an offensive lineman
6.Usually, offensive linemen consist of at least_______________players.
A) three
B) four
C) five
D) six
7.In the defense team, the deepest defensive position is played by_________________.
A) defensive linemen
B) linebackers
C) cornerbacks
D) safeties
8.Kicking a ball through the goalposts to gain points is the responsibility of____________________.
9.The right of a team’s opening kickoff is usually determined by___________________.
lO.The offensive team will lose possession of the ball if it fails to gain lO yards in__________________.
答案：
1.[定位]根据题干中的success查找到第1个小标题Ground Rules部分的首段第2句。
解析：原文中的based on…表明判断一个队伍成功与否的标准是什么，因此based on后的介词宾语为本题答案。其他三个选项在该段均未提及。
2.[C][定位]根据题干中的overtime查找到第1个小标题Ground Rules部分的第3段末句。
解析：选项C是对原文该句的同义改写，为本题答案。其他选项与overtime period的内容无关，且在该段也未提及。
3.[B][定位]根据题干中的timeouts查找到第1个小标题Ground Rules部分的第4段第2句。
解析：原文该句句末的非限制性定语从句表明本题应选B。其他选项均无原文依据。
4.[D][定位]根据题干中的NFL roster查找到第2个小标题Who’s Who部分的首段。
解析：在四个选项中，只有选项B没有原文依据，其他三个选项均可在原文找到部分或全部词语。其中，选项A不正确，因为一个橄榄球队的全体队员可能超过53人，但根据该段首句，roster里只能包括最多53个球员的名字，由此可见，选项A与原文不符;选项C中的only显然过于绝对，与该段首句不符;原文该段第3句暗示不论roster里面有多少成员名字，肯定得包括the offense，the defense and special teams，由此可见，选项D为本题答案。本题也可通过对比选项和原文，看看哪个选项与原文重合度最高，由此也可确定选项D为本题答案。
5.[B][定位]根据题干中的on-the-field leader查找到第2个小标题Who’s Who部分的次标题Offense下第2段末句。
解析：只要根据题眼定位原文，不难发现选项B为本题答案。
6.[C][定位]根据题干中的offensive linemen查找到第2个小标题Who’s Who部分的次标题Offense下第3段。
解析：原文该段逐一介绍了各个offensive linemen的位置，以及每个位置人员的分配情况，只要将里面提到的数字简单相加：1个center+2个guards+2个tackles=5个，即可得出本题答案为选项C。
7.[D][定位]根据题干中的deepest查找到第2个小标题Who’s Who部分的次标题Defense下末段首句。
解析：根据题干中的defense一词可将搜索范围限定于第2个小标题下，然后逐一在各个段落寻找与deep有关的信息，不难发现题干中的the deepest defensive position与原文deep behind the rest of the defense同义，因此本题应选D。
8.[placekickers]
[定位]根据题干中的Kicking等词查找到第2个小标题Who’s Who部分的次标题Special Teams下第2段。
解析：空白此应为名词(词组)。题干中的kick和goalposts只能同时在第2个小标题Who’s Who部分的次标题Special Teams下第2段有关placekickers的段落找到，因此可以确定placekickers为本题答案。
9.[a coin toss]
[定位]根据题干中的opening kickoff查找到第3个小标题Moving the Ball and Finding the End Zone部分的首段首句。
解析：空白处应为名词(词组)或现在分词(词组)。原文该句中的with a coin toss to decide…表明开球权由a coin toss决定，因此，本题答案为a coin toss。
10.[four downs]
[定位]根据题干中的possession等词查找到倒数第2段。
解析：空白处应为名词(词组)，作in的宾语。题干中的lose possession of the ball与原文该段中的surrender the ball to the other team同义，由此可见，该句介绍了在什么情况下进攻的队伍将失去控球权，这正是本题要求查找的内容，因此原文中in后的介词宾语four downs为本题答案。
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