第六模块第三单元单词导学案 (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)

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以下是小编整理的第六模块第三单元单词导学案 (译林牛津版高二英语选修六教案教学设计)，本文共19篇，希望能够帮助到大家。

第六模块第三单元单词导学案

1. difference n.差别，差异，

the difference between A and B in sth 这两部机器的构造没有什么区别。

There isn’t any difference in structure between the two machines.

make a / some/no difference (没)有影响，(不)起重要作用

It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.不管它去还是不去，对我都没有影响。

different adj. A be different from B in sth differ vi. A differ from B

It won’t make much _______ whether you agree or not.

A. trouble B. difference C. troubles D. differences

2.in celebration of …: to celebrate 为了庆祝…

They held a party in celebration of his birthday.

People spend Christmas in celebration of the birth of Jesus Christ.

人们过圣诞节是为了庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。

in favor of 支持，赞同 in need of 需要 =in want (n,需要)of

in praise of 为颂扬，赞美 in honor of 为了纪念，庆祝，欢迎

in memory of 为了纪念， in terms of 在---方面，从---方面来说

congratulate v.祝贺 congratulate sb on sth/doing…

congratulation n. congratulations to sb. on sth./doing…

Fred has passed the examination. Let’s have a little party to ___ him ___ his success.

A.congratulate; on B. celebrate; for

C. celebrate; on D. congratulate; for

The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ________ their parents’ silver wedding.

A. welcome B. congratulate C. memorize D. celebrate

3.embarrass v. (使)窘迫，(使)为难 embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的

embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的 embarrassment n. 尴尬

He stood there with an_________ expression when he heard the __________ news

4.participate v，参加 participant n.参加者，参与者

participate in 参加。。。

He couldn't participate in the games because of his sudden illness.

Professionals cannot participate in the tournament.

5.adjust v.适应 ,调节，调整 adjust to (主语)适合…,适应

adjust oneself to sth 使自己适应…… adjust sth 调整。。。

It was a few minutes before his eyes adjusted to the dark.

The body quickly adjusts to changes in temperature.

You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.

The button is for adjusting the volume.

adopt v. 收养，采纳 adapt v.适应，改编

adapt to 适应 adapt oneself to 使－适应

My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

A. treated B. adopted C. adjusted D. remedied

6.analyse vt. 分析…..,研讨；分解 analysis n. (pl. analyses) 分析，分解；分析结果

We analysed the cause of our failure. a chemical analysis 化学分析

We made a careful analysis of the problem.

7.anyhow=anyway无论如何，不管怎样

You must finish the task within one week anyway.

somewhat 有点儿，有几分

The price is somewhat higher than I expected.

somehow 不知怎么的，用某种方法

Don’t worry, we’ll get the money back somehow.

I'm certain David's told you his business troubles. ______, it's no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.

A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though

8.approve vt. 批准;认可

The mayoress approved the new building plans.

vi. 赞成; 赞许 [(+of)]

I’m afraid your parents won’t approve of your going there.

My parents don't approve of my choice.

approval n. 赞成；赞许;批准

9.take up 占据（时间，空间），开始从事，开始做（某事）

Sorry, I've taken up so much of your time.

The large desk takes up most of the office.

He has taken up photography for so many years

take over 接管，接手，接任 take back 收回（说错的话）

take up 开始从事；占据（空间或时间）；

take off脱下；起飞；突然成功，开始走红 take out 拿出，带出去

take away 拿走，带走 take in 理解，领会，吸收，欺骗

take on 接受，雇佣，呈现 take after 长得像

take to 开始喜欢 take to dong sth 开始养成。。。的习惯

I took to John immediately. Recently he’s taken to wearing a cap.

10.give out散发，分发；释放；被用完，耗尽

The teacher asked the monitor to give out our exam papers.

The sun gives out heat and light, which brings us endless energy.

Our supply of sugar has given out.

give away泄露；赠送 give back 归还

give in 屈服 give up 放弃 doing sth

give off 散发出（气味）

Papers are ______ to all the new students five minutes earlier before each examination.

A. given off B. given up C. given in D. given out

After a week’s work, my strength _________.So I failed to see you in hospital.

A.gave way B. gave out C. gave off D. gave in

11.request n.请求，要求

I am sorry I cannot consent to your request.

at one‘s request / at the request of …根据……的请求

in (great) request有(很大)需求

①We came to the party at the request of Miss Li.

②He is such a good singer that he is in great request.

request v.请求，要求 request sth

request sb to do sth request that sb (should )do

①Many people have requested new book.

②Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings.

③I requested that he (should) leave.

It was requested that the play ____again

A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on

12.hold up意为“延迟，阻碍、搀扶，支撑；举起，抬起”。

The broken cars held up the traffic.

The plastic bag can't hold up your big dictionary.

The teacher told us to hold up our right hands.

hold back 拦阻；阻挡；隐瞒 hold down 控制，抑制

hold in 克制，忍住 hold on 挺住，抓紧，不挂断

hold out 维持，坚持；伸出 hold off (doing sth) 推迟

hold up 延迟，阻碍、搀扶，支撑；举起，抬起

The thieves _____ him _____ in the park, took his wallet and escaped.

A. held .. back B. held .. up C. held .. on D. held .. out

The young man is such a person who __________ and never speaks to the people around him politely.

A．holds up his head high B. holds back his own

C．keeps his head D. keeps his head above water

13.remark说；谈论；评述 remark that从句 remark on / upon sth

① The readers remarked that the article was well written.

② It would be rude to remark on her appearance.

remark n.所说的话，评论，意见 make remarks on / about评论，评述；谈论

remarkable adj 杰出的 remarkably adv. 杰出地

comment on sth make a comment on/about

make comments on /about sth 对…作出评论

14.contact n. (u)交往, 接触,关系,联络

be in touch/contact with与…有联系 get in touch/contact with与…联络

keep in touch/contact with与…保持联系 lose contact/touch with与…失去联系

be out of contact/touch失去联系,中断联络

15.account n.

⑴报道，描述，描写a vivid account of the event ⑵帐户 open a current account

on account of 因为由于 by/from all accounts 根据各方面所说

take sth into account/ take account of sth 考虑到

account for

A number o factors account for the differences between the two scores.

(是…的原因，引起，导致）

Repeat purchases account for 73% of our sales.(占据，占）

You should account for your behaviour.(对…作出解释）

16.belong vi.属于 belong to 属于

From now on, this house belongs to your brothers and sisters.

belongings n.财产；所有物；携带物

He packed his few belongings in a bag and left.

belong 不用于进行时，无被动形式

China is belonged to developing countries.(╳)

China belongs to developing countries.( √)

17.have power over控制，支配

It's impossible for you to have power over all things including your life.

come to power / be in power执政；当权；上台

beyond one’s power 超出…的权力

Multiple choices:

1.The village is a very different place it was when I was a boy and there are many _____ the villagers’ points of view.

A. from what; differences from B. from what; differences in

C. from that; differences from D. from that; differences in

2. Her singing career _______ after her TV appearance.

A. took up B. took away C. took off D. took on

3. The judges remarked ______ the high standard of entries for the competition.

A. about B. on C. with D. to

4. Madame Michel found herself in an position, and therefore she felt rather .

A. embarrassing; embarrassed B. embarrassed; embarrassed

C. embarrassing; embarrassing D. embarrassed; embarrassing

5. During our staying in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.

A. in celebration of B. in honor of C. in favor of D. in place of

6. - Why are you so late?

-The bus was for an hour because a tree had fallen across the road.

A. held out B. held on C. held back D. held up

7. The desks and seats can be to the height of any child.

A. adopted B. adapted C. adjusted D. admired

8. We a sentence when we explain the form and use of every word in it.

A. separate B. analyze C. explain D. summary

9. Can you move the desk a little further, for it most of the office？

A. takes up B. takes off C. takes in D. take on

10. A warm thought suddenly came to me _______I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.

A. if B. when C. that D. which

11. There was so much smoke in the factory _____ the workers were working _____ the firefighters couldn't see clearly.

A. that; that B. that; where C. where; that D. where; where

12. I just wonder that makes him so excited.

A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is

江苏省高二英语模块七第二单元单词导学案

1. probability n. 可能性；概率

There is little probability of his succeeding.

There is little probability that he will succeed. 他不大可能成功.

What is the probability of his success? 他成功的可能性如何?

词组： in all probability =very probably 极有可能:

In all probability he's already left. 他很可能已经离开了.

【归纳拓展】 the probability is that…= there’s a probability that…= it is probable that… 有可能

probable 是该单词的形容词形式，注意比较probable likely possible 这三个形容词的区别:

【即学即用】 He is _____ to come here, so get ready for everything as soon as possible.

A .possible B. probable C. likely D. probably

（江苏卷26）. The experiment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.

A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out

2.bark n. 树皮, 吠声 vi. 吠, 咆哮, 剥树皮

Barking dogs seldom bite. 吠犬不咬人。（真人不露相）

His bark is worse than his bite. 刀子嘴豆腐心。

Dogs always bark at strangers. 狗总是对着陌生人吠。

The officer barked out an order. 那军官大声发出命令。(咆哮地说出、吼出)

3.trial n. 试验, 考验, 审讯, 审判

a trial match / flight 预赛；试飞

She succeeded in the examination on her third trial. 在她第三次尝试时

The man was on trial for killing a person. 此人因杀人而受审。

They let me have / take the computer on trial for thirty days. 把......拿去试用

by / through trial and error 通过反复试验, 不断摸索

Only by trial and error will you find out what flowers grow best.

4.standardize vt. 使符合标准, 使标准化

standard n. 标准, 规格 adj. 标准的, 权威的, 第一流的

the standard of living / living standards 生活水平

Mr. Li sets high standards of behavior for his students. 对学生的行为提出高标准的要求

standard English pronunciation 标准的英语发音

5.length n. 长度，时间的长短

a length of rope/ cloth 一根绳/一段布

⑴它长200千米。(两种)

It’s 200 kilometers long. It’s 200 kilometers in length.

⑵这把尺子是那把的两倍长。This ruler is twice the length of that one.

at length 终于；详细地 in length 长度上

6.note vt. 注意,；记录；指出，特别提到

Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.请注意这张账单必须在10天之内付清。

The pupil noted (down) what the teacher said. 学生记下了老师的话。

n. 笔记；短信；注解，注释；票据，纸币；音符

make / take a note（notes） of ... 记下… make / take notes 记笔记

compare notes 交换意见；对笔记 take note of 注意到

change one's note 改变态度，口气 a 10-pound note

【即学即用】Just now, I took _____ of a thief’s entering the neighbour’s house.

A. notices B. notes C. note D. a note

7.quantity n. 量数量

buy sth. in (large / small) quantities

large/small quantities of + n. 谓语动词用复数

a large/small quantity of + n. 谓语动词单复数由名词决定

Large quantities of goods / food have been stored for the winter.

A large quantity of beer has been sold.

A large quantity of books have been sold.

【即学即用】As a result of destroying the forest, a large ____ of the desert _____ covered the land.

A. number ; has B. quantity; has C.numbers; have D.quantity; have

8.mass n. 块；大多数,；质量；群众,；大量

the masses 群众,，民众，个人阶级

a mass of / masses of + n. [u] / [c] 许多，大量

a huge mass of data 大量数据 a mass of people 许多人

Before the rain, there were masses of dark clouds in the sky.

下雨前，天空有大片大片的乌云。

adj. 群众的；大规模的；集中的

mass production 大规模生产 mass education / media 大众教育；大众传媒

9.wonder adj. 极好的，灵验的 a new wonder drug 新的灵丹妙药

n. 奇迹，惊奇，惊愕 the Seven Wonders of the World 世界七大奇观

It's a wonder (that) no one got hurt. 难得

It’s no wonder (that) you've got a headache, the amount you drank last night.

昨晚你喝得太多，头痛不足为奇。难怪；不足为奇

vt. 觉得奇怪；惊奇；想知道，不知道

I was wondering if / whether you'd like to come to dinner.

不知可不可以（礼貌的请求）

I wonder if I'll recognize Philip after all these years.

vi. 惊讶，怀疑

-- Is she serious? -- I wonder. 我看不一定吧。

【即学即用】He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ that he is tired out

A.There is no point B.There is no need C. It is no wonder D.It is no way

10.relief n. 解脱的感觉，安慰；(痛苦等的)减轻；(债务等的)免除；救助，救济

give a patient relief from pain / pain relief 使病人减轻痛苦

provide relief for refugees 救济难民

To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely. 使某人欣慰的是…

The doctor said it was just the flu. What a relief! 谢天谢地

relieve vt.

Drugs helped to relieve the pain.

relieve oneself relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的负担

He rose and relieved her of her bags.

relieve sb. of their post / duties / command etc. 免除职务/职责/指挥权

【即学即用】people in the world try their best to _____ the people in the earthquake in India.

A. relief B. relieve C. release D. reliance

(2010山东卷33). Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.

A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter

11.split (split split) 切开，分裂，分离，分享，分担

Let’s split the cost of the dinner party. The lightening split a big tree.

split up 分成小部分，划分分离分手

The couple split up. The party split up into two groups.

split n.裂口，裂缝 a split in the door/ rock/ coat

12.Pleasure n. 快乐；娱乐，消遣

【归纳拓展】

(It’s ) My pleasure. 别客气。(回答感谢） With pleasure 非常乐意。（请求）

take pleasure / delight in doing 喜欢做…

have the pleasure of =have the honor of 有幸做

for pleasure 为了消遣 at one’s pleasure随便，听便

please vt. 使高兴快乐 pleased adj.高兴的；满意的 pleasant adj.令人高兴的、满意的

【即学即用】-- Would you please help me with the box?--______.

A.Yes,please B.No,please don’t C.With pleasure D.My pleasure.

13.sharp adj. 锋利的；尖刻的；灵敏的; 突然的

I cut my foot on a sharp stone.

She has a sharp mind. 她头脑机敏。

The boss was very sharp with me when I was late this morning.

Sharp adv.准时地；突然地 Please be here at seven sharp.

Sharpen v. 使…锋利 sharpener n.卷笔刀

The knife needs sharpening/ to be sharpened. 这把刀要磨了。

14.let out 释放，放走，放气/水，放大衣服，泄露秘密、出租

Let the air out of the tyres.

They were let out of prison last week.

His trousers need to be let out round the waist.

Don’t let it out to the press.

let out a cry of joy/surprise/ excitement let out cars by the day

【归纳拓展】let sb alone 不管，不干涉 let sb/sth be 听任，不打扰

let off 放过，放枪，放炮，放烟火

【即学即用】He accidentally ____ he had quarrelled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.(湖南卷)

A let out B. took care C. made sure D. made out

15.point n. 尖端；分数；细节程度意义 v. 指；瞄准

【归纳拓展】 on the point of 正要…的时候 to / off the point 中肯/离题

point out/ at /to 指出/着/向 There’s no point in doing sth. 做…没意义

【即学即用】介词填空：

(1) My teacher pointed ____ my mistakes.

(2) They pointed ____ her head with guns.

(3) I was ____ the point of leaving when the telephone rang.

(4) Your criticism is ____ the point, I quite agree with you.

(5) There is no point ___ discussing the problem.

(6) ____ that point I thought she would agree, but in the end she refused.

(keys: out at on to in at)

We’re just trying to reach a point _____ both sides will sit down together and talk.（山东）

A. where B. that C. when D. which

I listened to Dr. Johnson’s lecture on biology yesterday, but I failed to get the key ____

A. points B. words C. information D. message

(析：key points要点 key words重要的词 key information重要信息)

【巩固训练】

(1) –We must thank you for taking trouble to cook us a meal.---________.

A. It’s a pleasure B.With pleasure C.It doesn’t matter. D.Never mind

(2) It’s often less expensive to buy goods in ___ quantity, but you’d better examine ___ quality

before buying them.

A. the B. the C.a the D. the the

(3) We’ve already discussed the subject ____ great length.

A. at B. in C. on D. to

(4) He has _____ letters to answer. He has to work from morning to night.

A. much B. a great deal of C. masses of D. the number of

(5) While traveling, whether on business or for ____ , you often need to stay in a hotel.

A. pressure B. pleasure C. patience D. purpose

(6) The processing secret of the new product was _____ by the reporter, who has little sense of keeping the secret.

A. let into B. let out C. let down D. let be

(7) Masses of people _____ come here, so quantities of drinking water ____ been used up.

A. have;has B. have; have C. has;have D. has; has

(8) ______ on point ____ to explain.

A. It is; in trying B.There is ;in trying C. It is ;to try D. There is ; to try

(9) I learned most of what I know about gardening through _____.

A. a lot tries B. to do experiments C. trial and error D. great try

(10) Can you put me ____ to this number.

A. across B. through C. up D. over

(11) The sofa can also ____ as a bed.

A. use B. make C. operate D. function

(12) The newly- discovered star was named ______ a Chinese astronomer _____ honour of his contributions to astronomy.

A. for ; in B. after; for C. as ;in D. after; in

(13) --- I often see him working hard in his spare time.

--- _______ he has won the scholarship from time to time.

A. No wonder B. No way C. No doubt D. No wander

（14） _____ is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

A Whatever B Whoever C However it D Whatever it

(keys:AAACBBBBCBDDA)

Inversion

Teaching aims and requirements

1. Help students to learn the definition of inversion and when to use the inversion.

2. Students are expected to apply what they have learnt to practical use by finishing relevant exercises.

Teaching procedure

Step 1 General introduction

1. Give some examples of inversion to show what inversion is.

Did you go to visit the Louvre?

Seldom does he paint now.

He did not like the painting. Neither did I.

Note: Inversion is the changing of the order of the words in the sentence. We put the predicate or part of it before the subject, when we use inversion.

Step2 Explanation

倒装句（Inversion）

一、定义

英语句子的自然语序是主语+谓语。为了强调句中的某一部分把原来的语序重新调整，通常将谓语或谓语的一部分置于主语前。

二、倒装类型

1. Local negation

1) In a question

Did you go to visit the Louvre Museum?

What do you know about Van Gogh?

2) When the sentence begins with a negative word or phrase such as never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, not, nowhere, scarcely, not until, by no means, in no time, under no circumstance, no sooner…than…, hardly… when…, not only…, neither

I can’t swim; neither can he.

Little does he care about others.

Never shall I forget the day when I met Mr. Wang in the countryside.

At no time is smoking permitted in the meeting room.

Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.

Not a mistake did he make.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

Not until then did he realize his own fault.

3) When only is used to modify an adverbial (clause) and put at the beginning of a sentence.

Only in this way can you solve the problem.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

Note: Inversion should not be used when only modifies the subject.

Only he can solve the problem.

4) When the sentence begins with so/such.( which introduces an adverbial clause of result)

So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.

Such a lovely girl is she that we all like her.

5) When the sentence begins with so, neither, nor.

He has been to Beijing. So have I.

If you don’t go there tomorrow, neither / nor will/shall I.

---He works hard.

---So he does and so do you.

Note: If a sentence has 2 or more predicates, we should use ‘It is/was the same with…’, or ‘So it is/was with…’

She is clever and always works hard. So it is with/It is the same with her brother.

6. When a sentence begins with ‘often, always, now and then, many a time’

Many a time has she helped me with my experiments.

Always does he ask me for money.

2. Complete inversion

1) When the sentence begins with a direct speech or part of it.

“I’ll come back in three days,” said Tom..

“What are you doing?” he asked (asked he).

“Why didn’t you join us?” Tom asked me.

2) When the subject is too long.

Present at the meeting were many important persons.

Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.

3) There be/ appear to be/ come/ happen to be/ lie/ live/ occur/ remain/ seem/ seem to be/ stand/ used to be…结构中

There appears to be no doubt about it.

There lies a lake near our city.

There seems little difference between the two words.

4) When the sentence begins with here, there, now, then, in, out, up, down,

away, off, thus, etc.

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

Note:

1) If the subject is a pronoun, we can not use inversion.

Here he comes.

2) Simple present tense should be used with here, there, now

5) A sentence beginning with prepositional phrases.

On the top of the hill stands a temple.

At the end of the valley lies a small lake.

6) When such is used as predicative.

Such were the facts.

Such will be our future.

3 Inversion can also be used in formal language to talk about unreal conditionals.

Had it not been for the heavy rain, we would have finished the task.

Were I you (= If I were you), I would go abroad.

Should he come (=If he should come), please tell him to ring me up.

Were it to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

4. In the sentences containing the conjunctions like though, as, however.

Clever as he is, he doesn’t study well.

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

Try as she might, she failed.

However late he comes back home, his mother will wait for him.

5. When a sentence expresses good wishes.

May you succeed.

Long live the friendship.

Step 3 Translate the following sentences.

1. 虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。

Child as he is, he knows a lot.

2. 只有用这种方式我们才能提高我们的英语水平。

Only in this way can we improve our English.

3. 如果明天下雨的话，我们将不开会了。

Were it to rain tomorrow, we wouldn’t have the meeting.

4. 我一回来就开始烧饭了。

Hardly had I got back when I started cooking.

5. 直到他失去健康，他才意识到好的身体意味着什么。

Not until he lost his health did he realize what good health meant.

Step4 Language points

1.twist one’s ankle 扭伤脚

2.make a reservation 预定

reservation n [C] 预定,预约;保留意见

We have reservations in the name of Smith.

They support the measures without reservation.

reserve v ~ sth (for sb/ sth) 预定;保留

I’d like to reserve a table for three.

These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是留给贵宾的。

book v 约定座位、房间、票等。美国用reserve.

The performance is booked up.

The secretary has booked the manager in the Hilton Hotel.

Order 主要指订货或餐馆点菜、饮料等。

I ordered a beer and a sandwich.

I have ordered some new furniture from the shop.

3.fantastic adj.

1) excellent 极好的

She is a fantastic swimmer.

2) Very large巨大的；异乎寻常的

Their wedding cost a fantastic amount of money.

3)wild and strange荒诞的

They made up a fantastic story.

Step 5 Practice

1. Read part A on page41 and underline the inversions included in the text.

Keys:

1) Aunt really enjoyed France and so did I.

2) Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had forgotten our map in the room.

3) Had you come with us, I think you would have enjoyed Europe too.

4) Is there anything special that I can bring you?

2. Read part B and invert the sentences using the structures with the negative words..

Keys:

1) Never have I seen such beautiful flowers in the city.

2) Neither do I have time to go to the museum today and nor do I want to.

3) Hardly had I started to look at the paintings when the teacher said it was time to leave the museum.

4) The artist is always drawing; seldom is he seen without a notebook in his hand.

Step 6 Consolidation

1. Finish workbook exercises,

2. Some extra exercises on reference books.

Homework

1. Finish relevant exercises

2. Finish C1 and C2 on page 118.

Module 3 Unit 3

一、Spelling.

1.Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost c______________(文明) about 2,000 years ago.

2.This morning we went to a l____________ about Pompeii.

3.Near the city was a volcano called Vesuvius. On 24th August AD 79, the volcano e_________ and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.

4.It continued to erupt for the next three days. U_______________, all the people were buried alive, anad so was the city.

5.So in 1860, the Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli was made d___________ ( 负责人)of the Pompeii dig.

6.Tomorrow we aer off to Naples to visit the museum that h__________ many of the treasures from Pompeii.

7.It’s hard dto imagine how this quiet vocano d_____________ the whole city!

8.This small, wealthy _______________ （商业的）city existed almost 2,000 years ago.

9.An archaeologist from the local ______________ (文化的) institute, Professor Zhang told us this.

10.Sven found the r____________ of buildings buried under the sand, together with a lot of treasures, such as coins, painted pots, silk m______________, d_____________ and wall paintings.

11.The desert was once a green land with e___________ trees, but even that didn’t prevent the city from being _________ by sand--- what a pity!

12.A saying goes t________ rome wasn’t built in a day.

13.During these years I have had the chance to explore many different places in China and t______________ the world.

14.We went through a 10-metre-long p____________ and we found ourselves in a large burial chamber.

15.We saw pieces of material, bones, w_________ cups and leather bags.

16.Most of them were in good c____________.

17.Jack is a concerned c__________(市民).

18.Pear Harbor is onne of the m___________ military bases of the United States.

19.The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt d______________ war against Japan.

20.A national m___________ was built in Pear Harbor just above the remains of the sunk battleship Arizone.

21.In 753 BC, the city of Rome was founded, and in 509 BC, it became a r____________.

22.During the same period, there was much c___________ and fighting between the groups of people who ruled the different parts of China.

23.There is another _____________ (相似点) between China and rome.

24.It was a different story for China with the _____________ (形成) of the Sui Dynasty in AD 581, which once again r___________ China in AD 589.

25.Fifteen years later the Qin Dynasty was ______________ (推翻).

二．Fill in the blanks.

take over take back take away take off take out take down

take up take charge of take control of take action take in

1) He opened the drawer and ______________ a notebook.

2) He expects to ______________ the business when his father retires.

3) Can you _________________what I am saying?

4) Mr. Li __________________gardening after he retired.

5) _________________ the notes while listening to the teacher.

6) Who has___________________ my book?

7) Who will ____________________ the class when the head-teacher is away?

8) The Chinese government _____________________to protect the cultural heritage.

三、Complete the following sentences.

1.The book had a great effect on his life. The book i_____________ his life greatly.

2.They didn’t tell me the location. They didn’t show me tge map, either.

They ___________ told me the location ________ showed me the map.

3.Some people tried to escape, some people stayed in their houses.

People ___________ tried to escape _______ stayed in their houses.

4.It worries the tourists. It keeps raining.

______ ______ ________ _________ ________ the tourists.

5.They also ________ ________ (进行)other experiments.

6.When autumn comes, leaves （变成） ________ ________ orange, red and gold.

7.我们对他的健康表示关心。We _________ ________ ________ his health.

8.________ _______ _______ _______ ________ ________ _______ _____ ,(在好心的老人的带路下，用with复合结构做)， we arrived at the remote village before lunchtime.

9.We gave Peter a nice present ______ ______ ______ (作为对。。。。。回报)his cooperation.

10.It’s ______ _____ _____ (很难想象)what our lives would be like if we did not have electricity and clean water.

11.(众所周知)_______ ______ _______ ______ ______, China is a country with a long history.

12.Are there any ______________ (相似之处) between Goethe and Byron.

13.He is not always on the ball in class because he is not interested in his lessons.(写出画线部分的汉语意思)

14.I f______ ______ ______ (感到荣幸)won the holiday and have made so many friends.

15.I was too tired to eat anything we were given. (改成复合句)

I was _______ _________ ________ I _______ ________ anything we were given.

16. _______ the husband ______ the wife tells stories for children every night.(填上适当的连词)

四.Translation.

1他们要求他对此事保密。（require）

__________________________________________________________.

2谁也阻止不了运动会的举行。（prevent）

_____________________________________________________________.

3据说这本书很值得一读。（It is said that）

__________________________________________________________.

4我看见一位老人很吃力地在街上走着，手里还拿着一根拐杖。(make one’s way)

____________________________________________________________________

5我的电脑上周末被一种未知病毒攻击，因而电脑已坏了一周了。(virus病毒)

______________________________________________________________________

五、单项选择

1. Don’t let me catch you ______.

A. do that again B. to do that again C. doing that again D. done that again

2. We must have an engineer ______ the workers build the house.

A. to see B. see C. seeing D. seen

3. I don’t allow ______ in my office and I don’t allow my family ______ at all.

A. to smoke…smoking B. smoking…to smoke

C. to smoke…to smoke D. smoking…smoking

4. George went hunting for a week but still he didn’t find a room ______.

A. to live B. to live in C. for living D. to be living in

5. The law requires all cars _______ for safety and efficiency.

A. being tested regularly B. to be regularly tested

C. be regularly tested D. regularly tested

6. He was just about to jump up when he felt something ______ near his feet.

A. to move B. move C. moving D. moved

7. I would like ______ that I don’t have a very high opinion of you.

A. to have you know B. have you know C. to have your known D. having you know

8. When he awoke, he found himself ______ in the hospital and ______ by an old woman.

A. lying…being looked after B. lying…be looking after

C. lie…be looked after D. lie…being looked after

9. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.

A. to be informed B. informed C. on informing D. informing

10. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can ___ in a dictionary.

A. look it up B. look up it C. refer to it D. consult in

11. Neither you nor I, nor anybody else ___ content to live in such a lonely village.

A. is B. am C. are D. were

12. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for Beijing Olympics ___ by .

A. has been completed B. has completed

C. will have been completed D. will have completed

13.Two bags which ______ to Hong Kong were at this moment being loaded aboard a flight to Guangzhou.

A. should have gone B. should be going C. must have gone D. must be going

14. Sometimes we are asked ___ we think the likely result of the program will be.

A. how B. whether C. that D. what

15. It was said that not until the old man had passed away ___ to his relatives.

A. she let out the secret B. was the secret let out

C. out she let the secret D. out let the secret

16. Mary, it’s already 7 o’clock. I’m afraid there is not much time _____ for you to _____ for the ball.

A. leaving; get dressing B. remaining; get to dress

C. remained; get dressed D. left; get dressed

17. ---Is Mr. Stephen in, please? He___ me. --- Yes, sir. In the meeting room.

A. is expecting B. has expected C. expected D. was expecting

18. Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ___ sickness.

A. normal B. average C. regular D. ordinary

19. His cousin, who was made ___ of the department, was only 28 that year.

A. director B. directer C. a director D. our director

20. They will give us the money ___ we pay it back within half a year.

A. on no condition B. on condition C. under the condition D. on condition that

21. Not only ___ interested in football but ___ beginning to show an interest in it.

A. is the teacher himself, are all his students B. the teacher himself is, are all his students

C. is the teacher himself, all his students are D. the teacher himself is, all his students are

22. these two countries have a ___. They both have a high snowfall during winter.

A. situation B. response C. similarity D. condition

23. It is important that we ___ with all that ___ in the struggle.

A. should unite, be united B. would like, can be united

C. should unite, could unite D. unite, can be untied

24. As we joined the crowd I got ___ from my friends.

A. lost B. separated C. spared D. missed

25. John knocked at the door for nearly five minutes___ his wife opened it.

A. when B. before C. until D. while

26. They got the work ______ before the rainy season set in.

A. to do B. done C. doing D. did

27. Please remind me ______ some eggs for the coming party.

A. buy B. to buy C. of buying D. for buying

28. Although John was the oldest in the family, he always let his sister _______ charge of the house.

A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken

29. There was nothing to ___ us doing so.

A. keep B. make C. let D. prevent

30. ---Did you listen to Mr. Jackson’s lecture? ---Yes, I have never heard such a ___one.

A. more exciting B. more excited C. most excited D. most exciting

31.I told the police who came to look into the accident what ___ the poor girl.

A. was happened on B. was happening on C. happened on D. had happened to

32.It must have rained last night, _______ the ground is wet here and there.

A because B as C for D since

33.____ to take the English evening course. Please fill in this form.

A These who want B Anyone wants C Those that want D People want

34.How pleasant the picture is _________!

A to look at B looking at C look D to be looked at

参考答案:

一、1.civilizations 2.lecture 3.erupted 4.unfortunately 5.director 6.houses 7.destroyed 8.commercial 9.cultural 10.remains, materials, documents 11.buried 12.that 13.throughout 14.passage 15.wooden 16.condition 17.citizen 18.major 19.declared 20.memorial 21.republic 22.confusions 23.similarity 24.formation, reunited 25.overthrown

二、take out, take over, take in, took up, Take down, taken away, take charge of, has taken action,

三、1. influenced 2.neither,nor 3.either,or 4.That it keeps raining worries 5.Carried out 6.turn to 7.are concerned about 8.With the kind old man showing the way 9.in return for 10.hard to imagine 11.As is known to all 12.Similarities 13.精神不集中 14.feel lucky to 15. I was so tired that I couldn’t eat anything we were given. 20. Either, or

四、1.They required him to keep it a secret.

2.Nobody could prevent the sports meeting from being held.

3.It is said that the book is well worth reading.

4.I saw an old man making his way in the street, with a walking stick in his hand.

5.My computer was attacked by an unknown virus last Sunday. So it is has been broken for a whole week now.

五、1-5 CBBBB 6-10 CAABA 11-15 ACADB 16-20 DADAD 21-25 CCDBB 26-30 BBCDA 31-34 DCBA

参考答案:

二、take out, take over, take in, took up, Take down, taken away, take charge of, has taken action,

四、1.They required him to keep it a secret.

2.Nobody could prevent the sports meeting from being held.

3.It is said that the book is well worth reading.

4.I saw an old man making his way in the street, with a walking stick in his hand.

5.My computer was attacked by an unknown virus last Sunday. So it is has been broken for a whole week now.

五、1-5 CBBBB 6-10 CAABA 11-15 ACADB 16-20 DADAD 21-25 CCDBB 26-30 BBCDA 31-34 DCBA

参考答案:

二、take out, take over, take in, took up, Take down, taken away, take charge of, has taken action,

四、1.They required him to keep it a secret.

2.Nobody could prevent the sports meeting from being held.

3.It is said that the book is well worth reading.

4.I saw an old man making his way in the street, with a walking stick in his hand.

5.My computer was attacked by an unknown virus last Sunday. So it is has been broken for a whole week now.

五、1-5 CBBBB 6-10 CAABA 11-15 ACADB 16-20 DADAD 21-25 CCDBB 26-30 BBCDA 31-34 DCBA

参考答案:

二、take out, take over, take in, took up, Take down, taken away, take charge of, has taken action,

四、1.They required him to keep it a secret.

2.Nobody could prevent the sports meeting from being held.

3.It is said that the book is well worth reading.

4.I saw an old man making his way in the street, with a walking stick in his hand.

5.My computer was attacked by an unknown virus last Sunday. So it is has been broken for a whole week now.

五、1-5 CBBBB 6-10 CAABA 11-15 ACADB 16-20 DADAD 21-25 CCDBB 26-30 BBCDA 31-34 DCBA

Unit 3 Understanding each other

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分教学设计

Aims and requirements

Read an Internet chat room conversation and a travel brochure

Listen to a conversation about showing foreign visitors around a city

Talk about different cultures, traditions and taboos

Write a letter of apology

Make a reference book about the culture of a country

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1：Brainstorming

As we all know, different countries have different cultures and customs. Look at the following pictures. In which countries do people greet each other in the way like the people in each picture do? (Kiss: Some of the South American countries, Russia, France, Arab countries…; Shaking hands: Britain, China…)

In France, it is the custom to shake hands with people in the office every morning.

Step 2：Sharing information

Look at the following pictures and read the captions under them .

Can you match the ways of greeting with the countries?

Country/Area Ways of greeting

Holland putting their hands together and bowing slightly

Thailand kissing each other on one cheek and then the other

The USA greeting each other by touching noses

South America hugging each other

The Middle East shaking hands with each other

Japan bowing to each other

What about an Arab and a Japanese meeting for the first time? As a Chinese, if you are not familiar with greetings from other countries, what might happen?

(Maybe we would feel embarrassed; we might be involved in awkward situations like…)

Step 3: Discussion

1. Do you know of any other ways of greeting that people around the world use?

2. People in different countries greet each other in different ways. Why?

3. Can you think of any other customs that are different in different parts of the world?

Step 4: Homework

1. Search more information about different ways of greetings and some unique customs in some countries.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

Reading Cultural differences

Step 1: Lead-in

Many people like chatting on line, especially you students. You must have many e-pals.

What do you think of online chat?

Do you think it is really a good way to know more things and make more friends?

Have you ever experienced any funny things or awkward situations when chatting with your cyber friends?

Now, we will read an Internet chat room conversation. Surely you will know all about these after you read it. Sometimes online chat does benefit us a lot.

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page34. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.

Answers

1. He is from Brunei.

2. He comes from UK.

3. No, they don’t. Only the Sultan and his family do.

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information.

1. Let’s read the passage again and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 36.

Answers

C1 1. Thanksgiving Day is held to celebrate the first harvest after the European settlers went to live in the USA.

2. Turkey.

3. In the West, the polite time to open a present is when someone gives it to a person, because they like to see the person’s reaction.

4. Guests expect presents as a souvenir to remember the big day.

5. Alcohol.

6. In Brunel, you should use your thumb to point at things.

7. In both places, you should take off your shoes before going inside a house.

C2 4 7 3 1 2 6 5

Step 4: Practice

1. Let’s complete Part D (Refer to the text while complete part D)

Answers

D 1d 2c 3f 4g 5b 6e 7h 8a

2. Now, let’s read Ma Li’s diary about her chat room discussion. Fill in blanks with correct words.

E 1)traditions 2)Thanksgiving 3)harvest 4)Europe 5)celebrate

6)weddings 7)embarrassing 8) presents 9)rude 10) thumb

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. Now let’s make up a dialogue by using the questions in Part F on Page 37. Work in pairs for a few minutes and then present your dialogue to the whole class.

2. There are also cultural differences in different English-speaking countries. For example:

Americans enjoy a good sense of humour; the British take a somewhat different view and believe a formal approach is the best way; the Australians are more informal and straightforward, often enjoying a good laugh and calling their close friends or new acquaintances by their first names.

3. Discussion:

What might happen if people had no idea of other countries’ cultures?

Do you think it might result in embarrassment on inconvenience?

What do you think about “culture shock”?

4. Do you know more information about cultural differences?

In most countries, nodding your head up and down means ‘yes’.

In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean ‘no’.

In South-east Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying ‘I’ve heard you.’

In the United Stated, when someone puts his thumb up, it means ‘Everything is all right.’ However, in Sardinia of Italy and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.

Step 6：Language Points

Vocabulary

Words

difference, accumulate, topic, native, accent, tradition,

celebration, settler, end-of-term, wedding, embarrassing, newly-wed, souvenir, clarify, participate, reception, bridegroom, bride, alcohol, drum, adjust, royal, analyse, excitement, misunderstand, summary, habit, custom, expectation, nationality, homeland, anyway, youth, wage, overseas, consultant, approval, ambition, incident, feast, pepper, proper, procedure, pocket, request, remark, religion, generally, certain, concern, greeting, slight, equally, tour, minority, swap, seal, account, bravery, mask, carve, spirit, claw, wolf, belief, ancestral, govern, steam, belong, plain, flat, power, peace, bow, arrow, retell, roast

Useful expressions

in celebration of, first finger, log off, some day, take up, give out, hold up, body language, shake hands, business card, take part in, hunt for, meet with, belong to, have power over

Sentence patterns 1. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.

2. If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about!

3. Should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes….

Step 7: Homework

1. Finish Parts A1 and A2 on page 116 in the workbook.

2. Prepare the part Word Power.

● Word Power

Step 1: Brainstorming

Do you have any difficulty in remembering English words? What methods do you usually use in learning new words? Now I’ll give you some tips to learn and remember English vocabulary.

Remember the spelling of a word by its pronunciation.

Remember the spelling of a word by analyzing the formation of the word.

Remember the meaning of a word by making a sentence with it.

Remember the meaning of a word by studying the origin of the word.

English is one of the most widely-spoken languages in the world and it is used as the international working language in many places throughout the world. But where do the English language and all its words come from? Who invented so many new words? Is it possible that English borrowed words from other languages? If so, Can you give some examples?

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. Look at Part A. This is an online article about English words borrowed from other languages. Read the article and analyse how words are borrowed from other languages and used in the English language. Finish the following table.

Language Categories of words

French food, entertainment, jobs

German Tools, mechanical, equipment, snacks, geological terms

Italian music, the arts, the military

Arabic spices, chemicals, animals, food, mathematics

2. Look at Part B. It is a spidergram showing some of the words that have been borrowed from other languages and incorporated into English. Please add more examples if possible.

3. Part C serves as a strengthening exercise to check your ability to understand some new words and use them correctly. You should understand the passage and the exact meanings of these words first and then fill in the blanks correctly.

Answers

C (1) Italian (2) Arabic (3) food (4) restaurant (5) jobs (6) ballet (7)confetti

(8) colonel (9) clock (10) rocket (11) German (12) hamburger (13) alcohol (14) zero

4. In this passage (Part C), which words are borrowed from Italian? What was Italy famous for in the 18th century? What does the writer think of the Germans? Which words are borrowed from German? What were the Arabs great for?

Step 3: Vocabulary extension

Look at Part D. The idioms connect a characteristic with an animal or a thing. Read the idioms and guess the meaning of each of them.

Answers

D 1. slept like a dog 2. as cool as a cucumber 3. as poor as a church mouse

4. as busy as a bee 5. as strong as a horse

Step 4: Homework

1. Finish the two exercises on page 122 in Workbook.

2. Complete the e-mail in Part C.

● Grammar and Usage

Step 1: General introduction

The grammar items in this unit focus on unreal conditionals. Unreal conditionals are used to express a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. You should pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when you use sentences in unreal conditionals. You are expected to use unreal conditionals and how to use unreal conditionals correctly.

Step 2: Explanation

1. Read the following sentences.

If my husband hadn’t been caught in the rain, he would not have got a fever.

Nothing would have happened to him if he had not visited his friend on Saturday

If I were you, I would not have visited the friend on Saturday.

In the above sentences, what has been said is unreal. The verb forms like these can also be

called the subjunctive. Can you find out in what cases the unreal conditionals are used? And can you say the sentences in another way, not using the unreal conditionals?

Sample answers

(1) My husband was caught in the rain, so he got a fever.

(2) He visited his friend on Saturday, so something happened to him.

(3) I am not you, so I visited the friend on Saturday.

2. Read Point 4 to see how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past of future time. Use the three structures to translate some sentences.

(1) 如果我是一个学生，我将更加努力地学习。

(2) 如果你昨天去听音乐会的话，你将会遇到她了。

(3) 如果明天下雨的话，会议将会推迟。

Sample answers

(1) If I were a doctor, I would save her life without hesitation.

(2) If you had gone to the concert yesterday, you would have met her.

(3) If it rained tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

3. Please read Point 3 and you will find out only should, were or had can be used in the inversion. Change the following sentences into their normal order and compare the differences between the two types of sentences.

(1) Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.

(2) Had you come earlier, you would have met my sister.

(3) Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.

Answers

(1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go outing.

(2) If you had come earlier, you would have met my sister.

(3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner.

For reference

动词的语气--虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l. 表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿, 一切都没问题了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4. 在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：

Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

For reference

Relative items in recent years’ college entrance examination:

1． I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (全国)

A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave

2．-How do you___ we go to Beijing for our holidays? (福建)

-I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.

A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest

3. I have lost one of my gloves. I it somewhere.

A. must drop B. must have dropped

C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped

4. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ___ yesterday. (2006全国I)

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

5. _______ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be

Keys: 1-5 BDBDB

Step 3: practice

1. Read the dialogue between Ma Li and Ye Fei on page 40 and fill in each blank with the proper verb form.

Answers

(1) went (2) would expect (3) went (4) would give (5) went

(6) would see (7) did (8) would be (9) had traveled (10) would have found

(11) went (12) would take (13) had (14) would join (15) would know

2. Read the instructions and the articles on page 41 and underline the sentences which use unreal conditionals.

Answers

In my youth, if I could have traveled to another country, I would have, but I had to work, as our family was very poor and needed another wage. That meant I could not finish my education. Ma Li, education is very important. A good education will help you succeed. Should you get into university in the future, you would have to go and take the opportunity. This will enable you to get a good job. Had I had the chance, I would have really enjoyed it. I think I would have studied Medicine. If you should get the chance to go overseas, then you should take it. I think it is very important to try to understand as much about the world as possible and travel helps you to do that. Hopefully you might become a successful business person or a consultant some day. Were you to do that, you would certainly have our approval and we would all be very proud of you. I am an ld man now, but I still have an ambition to travel to Beijing one day. Should I get to Beijing, I would visit the Forbidden City where the emperors once lived. But I wonder, Ma Li, had I had more opportunities when I was growing up, would I have been as happy as I am now?

Step 4: Consolidation

I. Multiple choice

1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.

A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent

C. know, would send D. knew, would have sent

2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.

A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been

C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be

3. If you had enough money, what ________?

A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have bought D. will you have bought

4. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.

A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do

5. I ________ him the answer ________ possible, but I was so busy then.

A. could tell; if it had been B. must have told; were it

C. should have told; had it been D. should have told; should it be

6. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken; wouldn't have made B. If you had taken; would make

C. Were you lo take; shouldn’ t have made D. Have you taken; won t have made

7. If he_____ , he ______ that food. ---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken

C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

8. I didn' t see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

9. Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known

10. I didn’t know his telephone number. ____ it, I ____ then.

A. Had I known, would ring him up B. Should I know, would have rung him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up D. Had I known; would have rung him up

II. Translation

1. 如果你听了医生的话，你早就恢复健康了。

--------------------------------

2．如果没有虚拟语气，英语就容易多了。

3．如果她更加努力的话，她就成功了。

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4．万一他不来，你就代替他。

5．如果我是你，我就不回这个电话。

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6．如果我的女儿不忙的话，她就会来帮助你。

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Keys

I. 1-5 BACBC 6-10 ABDBD

II.

1. If you had listened to the doctor, you would have already recovered.

2. If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.

3. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.

4. Should he not come, you would take his place.

5. If I were you, I wouldn't return the call.

6. Were my daughter not so busy, she would come to help you.

●Task Writing a letter to explain cultural misunderstandings

Skills building 1: completing a text

In this part, you will learn how to complete a text by listening. You are expected to learn what to do before and after listening and how to use the skills in practice.

1. Read the guidelines on page 42. Read the instructions out and make sure you understand the four tips about what you should do before you listen.

What is the first thing you need to do before listening? Why should we do this?

What should we do next?

How can we decide what the missing words probably are?

What is the fourth thing about?

2. What do you think we should do after we have finished a passage? (Proofread it to ensure that it makes sense and check whether there are any mistakes in it, include any spelling mistakes.) Remember that it is very important to review the text and make sure there are no mistakes or missing words.

Step 1: showing foreign visitors around

1. Go over the instructions to find out what you are going to do in Part A. Read the diary and try to guess what each of the missing words is by using the methods you have learnt in Skills building 1.

You can do this in pairs.

2. Listening practice: Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words. You may check your guesses at the same time.

Tapescript

Li Lin: Well, I think that was a great day. We showed the three visitors around Beijing and I think they enjoyed it. What were their names again?

Zhu Qing: Well, there was Mr Singh from India, Mr Takashi from Japan and Mr Hudson from the USA.

Li Lin: Yes, I thought it was a good day and we managed to visit quite a few places. We did have a few strange incidents though, didn’t?

Zhu Qing: Mmm, it was very odd how Mr Singh reacted when you held out your left hand. He wouldn’t shake hands with you!

Li Lin: Also, he got a bit upset in the restaurant and refused to try the black pepper beer on the menu. I thought most people liked black pepper beef. Perhaps he would have preferred beef and onions.

Zhu Qing: All the visitors I have taken to that restaurant before have really enjoyed it. Mr Takashi and Mr Hudson liked it. Mr Takashi seemed to have a really good time. He asked so many questions in the Forbidden City that I think I know the history very well now! He must have taken about a hundred photos in a day and he kept buying lots of gifts. Some were very expensive. One thing I noticed though was that he was always giving people his business card. He didn’t look very happy when I just put in my pocket. Also, it was very confusing when he kept making an okay sign. We just didn’t know what he wanted.

Li Lin: Mr Hudson thought the Summer Palace was amazing but he got a bit upset before we got on the boat. It was really a pain that he wanted to wait for the next boat as he thought the first one was too crowded. I thought there was plenty of space on it. Well, I suppose we should volunteer to show another set of visitors around next year---- at least we get to improve our English!

Answers

A: (1) three (2) strange (3) upset (4) shake hands (5) beef

(6) gifts (7) business cards (8) OK (9) crowded (10) space

3. Listen to the tape again and try to answer the following questions:

Which tourist attractions did the two students show the three foreigners around? (The Forbidden City and the Summer Palace.)

Why did the writer feel strange about Mr Singh? ( Because he looked upset when the writer

held out his left hand to shake hands with him.)

Where is Mr Singh from? ( He is from India.)

Where is Mr Takashi from? ( He’s from Japan.)

Do you think the OK sign made by Mr Takashi means ‘very good’ or ‘great’? (No.)

Why wouldn’t Mr Hudson get on the boat? (He thought it was too crowded.)

4. Read the first paragraph of Part B and find out what the word ‘taboo’ means. You can go back to the diary entry in Part A. Then read the rest of the article and circle the taboos in different cultures. Find out the reason why Mr Takashi did not look very happy when the student just put his business card in his pocket.

Answers

B: Paragraph 2

…, if you are from India, you may not eat beef because of your religion.

Paragraph 3

In India, it is impossible to shake hands or give someone something with your left hand. Japanese

people may bow and even give out their business cards to greet others and get upset if people do

not look at the cards carefully. So remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.

5. Read the guidelines in Part C to know what you will do in this part. Listen to the recording to

get more information about cultural habits.

Tapescript

Teacher: From my experience, people from the USA often feel uncomfortable if people are in their ‘personal space’ ( about fifty centimeters around their body). But I heard that business people from Asia have a different idea about personal space and usually stand closer than some people from the USA might like. Latin Americans are the same, and like to greet their colleagues with a hug. I also noticed that in the USA, gift-giving is not part of the culture unlike in many other countries. I saw that gift-giving is very important in Japan and on a trip, Japanese people must bring back lots of gifts. There are also signs which mean different things in different countries. In the USA, an ‘OK’ sign is formed by touching the thumb to the index finger. This is a positive sign in the United Stated, but in France, the same sign means ‘zero’ or ‘worthless’ and in Japan, it is a request for small change.

Skills building 2: asking questions

1. There are many types of questions you can ask. They are as follows:

Do you know…?

Could you please tell me if/whether…?

Please tell me if/whether…

Who is…?

Please tell me his/her name.

When/Where did…?

Please tell me when/where…

How did…?

Do you know how to…?

Why did…?

Can you tell me the reason why…?

2. Read the guidelines on page 44. Make some sentences by using the correct question words.

Step 2: asking about cultural differences

1. Read the instructions to make sure you know what you are going to do. Work individually to form the eight questions in this part.

Answers

(1) What do some people from India not eat?

(2) Which hand shouldn’t be used to shake hands with or give things to people from India?

(3) What do Japanese people have to buy when they travel anywhere?

(4) What should you do when a Japanese person gives you a business card?

(5) What does the OK sign mean to Japanese people?

(6) Why do people from the USA not like crowded places?

2. Work in pairs to do the question-and-answer exercise according to what you have read in the magazine article on page 42 and what you have heard in the recording.

Answers

(1) Some people from India do not eat beef.

(2) The left hand shouldn’t be used to shake hands with or give things to people from India.

(3) When they travel anywhere, Japanese people have to buy many things.

(4) When a Japanese person gives you a business card, you should look at the card carefully.

(5) The OK sign means a request for some small change for Japanese people.

(6) People from the USA feel uncomfortable if others are in their ‘personal space’, which is about 50 centimetres around them.

Skills building 3: writing a letter of apology

In this part, you will read about how to write a letter of apology to explain misunderstandings.

1. There are differences between writing letters in Chinese and writing letters in English. In a formal English letter, you should first write your address and the date. Here is the format of a letter as an example. Sun Ting from Beijing Sunshine Secondary School wants to write a letter to her friend Tan Yi in Sunshine Town:

Beijing Sunshine

Secondary School

Sunshine Town

Beijing 100000

Date 10 June

Tan Yi

88 Sunny Street

Sunshine Town

Beijing 100000

Dear Tan Yi,

( Content of the letter)

Yours sincerely,

Sun Ting

2. If you want to make an apology, what do you usually say? (I apology for…; I want to apology for…)

What do we do if we want to write a letter of apology?

Should we give some explanations?

Step 3: explaining misunderstandings

In this part, you will use the information about taboos in different cultures in Steps 1 and 2, and use the skills you have learnt in Skills building 3 to write a letter to explain how the misunderstandings arose when you showed the three foreigners around Beijing.

1. Read the diary entry and the article in Step 1 again and then discuss in pairs what should be included in the letter. Choose one of the three visitors to write your letter of apology to.

2. Choose a recipient and write the letter of apology. Read your letter to the whole class and try to improve it.

●Project Making a reference book

Part A

1. Answer the following questions:

Every country has some or many ethnic groups. How many ethnic groups do we have in China?

Do you know any different cultures and customs between these groups? What about the ethnic groups in other countries in the world?

If you are to do some research on the cultures, traditions, customs and way of life of different minorities, which minority group will you focus on?

Do you know where you can find the information you need?

2. Scan and skim the four tours and find out in which countries these ethnic groups live. Read the travel brochure carefully and finish the table below.

Ethnic group In which country What to eat Where to live Specific events

Inuit Canada animals, birds and fish Igloos or tents have large summer gatherings

Aborigines Australia food from the bush like lizards and snakes have Aboriginal ceremonies,

play the didgeridoos and use boomerangs

Maoris New Zealand fish and sweet potatoes wooden houses do a dance called the Haka,

eat food cooked in underground ovens and go night fishing

American Indians The USA buffaloes roasted over an open fire teepees wear buffalo skin clothes and feather headdresses,

do a dance called the Sun Dance and hold a bow and arrow competition

3. Do Parts B1 and B2 on page in Workbook to practice using words and phrases learnt in the reading material.

Part B

1. Discuss the eight questions given in this part in groups. Decide which minority culture you want to research and what topics you want to focus on in your research and how to find the information you need. Divide the different tasks among your group members. Each group should make a reference book about an ethnic group with a different culture.

2. Present your reference book to the whole class.

3. Do Parts D1 and D2 on page 119 in Workbook.

●Self-assessment

This section aims to help you determine the progress you have made, what you have achieved and what else you can do to improve your English.

In this unit, 18 items are listed, each with a score of 5, making a total score of 90. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, such as skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing, the use of vocabulary and grammar items as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing yourselves as learners, you can evaluate how well you have achieved the goals in this unit.

The colour bar with five levels shows how confident you yourselves feel about what you have learned. In part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you’ve developed these skills. Each item corresponds to something you’ve learnt in this unit. For example, by finishing Step 3 on page 45 without any difficulty, you’ll know whether you are able to write a letter of apology. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. If you feel very confident about one item, you get a score of 5. If you feel slightly confident about another item, you get a score of 2. By adding up all the scores you get and dividing it by the total number of items, you’ll get a percentage, which shows your overall level. If you feel there are some items you are not confident about or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and how to take some effective measures to improve your confidence.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分教学资源

●Section 1 A text structure analysis of Cultural difference

I. A tree diagram of the text

II. A retold version of the text

Ma Li has to do her homework on cultural differences. So she goes online to chat with others and find some information she needs.

She gets to know English and American people have unbelievable differences in culture even though they both speak English. For example, the British may be puzzled when Americans talk about Thanksgiving and the huge turkey they eat. There are different reactions in the West and the East when they get presents. Westerners like to open them as soon as they get one. Though there are similarities between wedding traditions in the west, there are also differences between different western countries. In Italy, guests expect to get presents from the newly-weds while the guests are expected to give presents to them in the UK. In Brunei, a male guest has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men and a female guest has to be with the bride and the other women in a different area. What’s more, if you go to Brunei, you should point with your thumb instead of your index finger. You shouldn’t wear yellow. Either.

So remember when in Rome, do as the Romans do.

III. Translation of reading and project

Reading

文化差异

马莉：嗨，大家好。我的名字叫马莉。我是个来自北京的女孩。今天我想跟大家聊-聊，尽量积累更多有关文化差异方面的知识，因为我要完成一个有关文化差异方面的家庭作业。

瓦利德：嗨，马莉，我是来自文莱的瓦利德。这是-个非常有趣的话题。在我们文莱的这个学校里我们总是在体验文化差异，因为我们有几位以英语为母语的英语教师。其中一位来自美国，另外两位来自英国。虽然他们说的是同-种语言(只是带有不同的口音)，在文化方面却有着令人难以置信的差异。

马莉：真的吗?

瓦利德：是的，你可以从美国教师和英国教师各自的传统上发现文化差异的例子。我们的美国教师总是谈论感恩节和他们在感恩节上吃的大火鸡。每当谈到这个话题时他就格外兴奋。而英国教师就不知道对方在谈些什么，也不知道为什么要过感恩节。

马莉：嗯，我也不知道。

瓦利德：哦，感恩节当初与从欧洲迁居美国大陆的首批移民迁居后庆祝他们的第一个丰收有关。

彼得：嗨，瓦利德，我发现你又在开讲座了!这次是什么话题呢?

瓦利德：哦，你好，彼得。嗯，要是你在十分钟前就进入聊天室的话，你就知道我们在谈些什么了! 我只不过是在告诉马莉有关文化之间的差异。

彼得：嗨，马莉，见到你很高兴。我来自英国。我猜想瓦利德已经告诉你关于那位英国老师在期末典礼上一收到礼物马上就打开的事情了吧?

马莉：不，他还没有说呢，不过，我的美国朋友杰克就是这么做的。

彼得：嗯，西方人都是这么做的。当有人送给你一份礼物时，你不打它是很不礼貌的行为。我们喜欢看到对方对礼物的反应。我们觉得，不打开礼物的做法非常奇怪!嘿，你知道吗，尽管西方的婚礼传统有很多相似之处，如抛洒五彩纸屑，但不同的西方国家往婚礼方面也还是有差别的。一旦出错可能会非常尴尬!在意大利参加婚礼和在英国参加婚礼是不-样的。在英国，客人应该给新人礼物；而在意大利，新人要给来宾礼物作为纪念，让大家记住这个重要的日子。

马莉：所以，说得更清楚一些，如果我在英国结婚，我会得到客人的礼物；而如果我在意大利结婚，我得给客人礼物。真有趣!在中国，我们总是大办筵席来庆祝婚礼。

瓦利德：有意思!在文莱，如果男士参加一个婚礼招待会，他得和新郎以及其他男士坐在一起。新娘和其他女土得坐在不同的区域。还有-个区别是：我们在婚礼上提供食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但没有白酒!而且，你很可能睡不了什么觉，因为我们连续好几个小时击鼓庆祝婚礼------有时候通宵!

彼得：通宵?

瓦利德：是的，我们这里的人都已经习惯了。

马莉：那么，在你们国家还有哪些事情与别的国家不一样呢，瓦利德?

瓦利德：嗯，你知道，在很多国家人们用食指来指东西。我们觉得这样的做法是粗鲁的，所以我们用大拇指来指东西。看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很是滑稽。哦，还有，如果你来到文莱，你不能穿着黄颜色的衣服。

马莉：为什么呢?

瓦利德：因为黄颜色是皇室的颜色，只有苏丹与其家人能够穿着黄颜色。还有一件事是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人家门之前得脱鞋!

马莉：这和中国城市里的习俗是一样的!所以，彼得，如果你去文莱或者中国的城市，你要记得在进入别人的房子之前先脱鞋!好了，各位，我要下线了。今天的聊天真的很有趣。我想现在我对不同的文化以及什么是恰当的行为方式有了更多的了解。这确实对我的作业有帮助!我希望我们大家以后能够再次聊天。毕竟，了解文化差异是更多地了解对方的-个好办法。祝大家愉快!

Project

民族风情体验之旅--与众不同的旅游公司。我们愿意给您提供机会，让您接触不同的少数民族文化，亲身体验他们的传统、风俗和生活方式。

路线1--囚纽特体验游

这是一个和加拿大努纳维特区的因纽特人面对面的机会。同因纽特人相处的日子里，你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇、划海豹皮制成的皮筏子。

如果你不吃肉，那本次旅行就不适合你了，因为因纽特人的主食就是动物、鸟和龟。这就意味着他们需要四出活动以采集食物。当他们在北极圈最南端的时候，游客将加入他们。你将居住在雪块砌成的拱形圆顶小屋里，或是居住在帐篷里，穿着用动物毛皮缝制的衣服。

因纽特人通常按照小的家庭单位居住和生活，但会举行大型夏日聚会，大家享受丰盛的食物、举行庆祝活动，同时相互讲故事。你将有机会参加一个这样的大型聚会活动。你还有机会参加击鼓和跳舞，聆听他们传统的英勇的故事，还可以参与游戏项目!跳舞的时候，他们或许还会邀请你戴上一个特别的专门用来跳动物舞蹈的面具，这个面具通常是用木头雕刻而成的。因纽特人相信动物灵魂。他们的珠宝都是用猫头鹰的爪子、狼的骨头和鸟的头盖骨做成的，你将有机会亲手做一些这种不同寻常的珠宝。

路线2--澳大利亚土著历险之旅

本次旅行的目的地是澳大利亚的卡喀杜，其中包括要在卡喀杜一个土著村庄逗留三天。在这里，你将有机会目睹基于古老的土著信仰之上的、人们又唱又跳的土著仪式。澳大利亚土著相信，是 “太祖神灵”创造了地球上所有的人、动物、植物和鸟类。他们相信，“太祖神灵”将人、植物和鸟类安置在不同的地方，制定规则和律法来管理他们。这些土著仪式有时可持续好几个小时之久。

土著人从周围的灌木丛中采集食物，常常深入洞穴里捕猎大型蜥蜴和蛇。你将有机会品尝一些非常奇怪的食物!本次旅行过程中你还会了解到澳大利亚土著乐器，比如迪吉里杜管，以及他们使用的狩猎武器之-回飞镖。

路线3--神秘的毛利人

新西兰现为毛利民族的家园。据信毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。他们给新西兰带来了在歌舞、雕刻和编织方面有丰富内涵的波利尼西亚文化。毛利人信仰多神教，如信仰森林之神和海洋之神。人们通过歌舞的形式来纪念诸神。

毛利人有一个传统的聚会房舍，他们在这里欢迎客人的到来。这将是你会见毛利人并参加其哈卡舞的地方。

你将住在罗吐鲁阿地区当地一户人家的木屋里。在那里，你将品尝到鱼以及用叶子包裹起来然后在滚热的石头上蒸煮的红薯。你将有机会吃到用地锅做成的食物。你还有机会在夜晚出去捕鱼。

路线4--美洲印第安土著历险之旅

美洲印第安土著民族有许多不同的部落。在本次行程中，你将参观北美洲中部的-个部落。他们被称为平原印第安人，因为他们生活在乎坦开阔的土地上。平原印第安人信奉至上神，至上神对包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切拥有控制权。

你会睡在一个特别的帐篷里，这是一个印第安人用树皮或兽皮制成的圆锥形帐篷，你将穿着用北美野牛皮缝制的衣服，戴着用羽毛制成的头饰。你还会参加拜日舞，拜日舞是-个非常重要的仪式，在那里你还会见到土著人抽和平烟斗。你还会看到射箭比赛，这个比赛的目的是为了重新讲述过去的平原印第安人是如何狩猎的。你吃的食物将会有在户外烧烤的野牛肉。

● Section 2 Background information about Cultural differences

I. April Fool’s Day-History, Traditions and more

Unlike most of the other nonfoolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear. There really wasn't a “first April Fool's Day” that can be pinpointed on the calendar. Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.

The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. Prior to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian Calendar was introduced, and New Year's Day was moved to January 1.

However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as “fools” by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on “fools errands” or were made the butt of other practical jokes.

This harassment evolved, over time, into a tradition of prank-playing on the first day of April. The tradition eventually spread to England and Scotland in the eighteenth century. It was later introduced to the American colonies of both the English and French. April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun festival, so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.

Mexico's counterpart of April Fool's Day is actually observed on December 28. Originally, the day was a sad remembrance of the slaughter of the innocent children by King Herod. It eventually evolved into a lighter commemoration involving pranks and trickery.

Pranks performed on April Fool's Day range from the simple, (such as saying, “Your shoe's untied!), to the elaborate. Setting a roommate's alarm clock back an hour is a common gag. Whatever the prank, the trickster usually ends it by yelling to his victim, ”April Fool!“

Practical jokes are a common practice on April Fool's Day. Sometimes, elaborate practical jokes are played on friends or relatives that last the entire day. The news media even gets involved. For instance, a British short film once shown on April Fool's Day was a fairly detailed documentary about ”spaghetti farmers“ and how they harvest their crop from the spaghetti trees.

April Fool's Day is a ”for-fun-only“ observance. Nobody is expected to buy gifts or to take their ”significant other“ out to eat in a fancy restaurant. Nobody gets off work or school. It's simply a fun little holiday, but a holiday on which one must remain forever vigilant, for he may be the next April Fool!

II. 文化震撼与调适

「文化震撼」（Culture Shock）主要是来自于两个不同文化差异而引起。可以发生在任何时候，任何新环境。很多时候，「文化震撼」会引起身体上的一些症状：如头痛、胃囗不好、睡眠失调或者心理上的焦虑、沮丧。

几乎每一个留学生都经验过文化震撼, 其实文化震撼并不是指突发一次即结束的 ”shock“ 的感觉，而是在一段时间内，密集式的有强有弱的震惊，仓惶和被冲击到的感觉。过去的文化背景和新文化差异愈大时，震撼的感觉会愈强且愈密集。文化震撼到结束，其实就是一个适应新文化的过程。对留学生来说，它通常有四个阶段：

1.抵美初期：这时候最急着学习、认识新环境、找寻住所、安排生活、选课和练习英文。整个

人充满热情和自信，急着安顿下来，同时又想赶快尝试许多事情。

2.蜜月期：你开始慢慢习惯新的环境时，适应的「蜜月期」就开始了。在这阶段，常常会觉得美国好多地方都「好好！」

3.震撼期：随着你更深入的接触美国文化，蜜月期就快结束了，而震撼期接着开始。这个阶段最主要的特色就是困惑和不舒服（包括生理和心理）。这时特别要注意身体健康，保持均衡饮食和适度运动。你必须试着调整自己，度过文化震撼。以下建议或许有些帮助：（1）保持你自己的观点；（2）重新评估你的期望；（3）敞开胸怀并培养敏锐的观察力（4）不要退缩：埋在书堆不是最好解决问题的方法，你必须去接触人、接触生活；（5）加强英文；（6）学会感谢；（7）找寻帮助。

4.恢复期

III 一般及社交礼仪

入境就要随俗，了解一些一般的美式生活礼仪是必要的，免得在各种场合里，做出不合宜的举动，使自己或对方尴尬。

1.一般礼仪：

一般而言，美国人在日常生活起居是大而化之，不讲俗套；和陌生人打打招呼，不见得便是想和你做友；一场愉快的交谈，不见得会变成知心莫逆，只有主动接触，以愉快的心情应对。以下是一些一般礼仪提供参考：

（1）常面带微笑，碰到认识的朋友时，主动的问候对方，别人问候你，也要反问候对方，表示关心。

（2）说话时语气诚恳、态度大方，当别人问候你时，回答尽量简洁。

（3）多赞美对方。

（4）到别人家作客时，有机会就要「赞不绝囗」。

（5）要注意自己的仪容整洁。

（6）别忘了说「Excuse me」，「Please」和「Thank You」。

2.社交礼仪：

（1）时间观念：约会应准时，如赴宴则最好迟到几分钟；如果早主人先到，反而失礼。若有紧急状况无法准时赴约，必须电话通知和解释，绝不可无疾而终，随意放人空等。

（2）赴宴：美国人会常说「随时来找我」，有些邀约是相当诚恳的，但拜访前仍应事先电话连系，确定时间，以免自己的「随时」而造成别人的不便。

（3）餐桌礼节：

a.餐巾用来拭嘴，切忌用来擦手或餐具。

b.注意使用刀叉顺序，以及叉匙性质。

c.刀叉斜放盘缘，表示尚在用餐之中；若完全放在盘中，则表示已使用完毕。

d.盐、胡椒瓶倘离座远，不可伸手去取，而须请隔座代劳递送。

e.上甜点或咖啡时，主人可开始致词，主宾亦可利用此时答谢。

（4）行路乘车：

行路一般以右为尊，女士同行，男士应走左边，出入应为女士推门。搭车时，车主驾车，前座为尊，馀则以后座右侧为尊。自己开车时须先为客人开车门，等坐定后始上车启动。

IV美国重要节日

节日通常有其特殊的文化背景，节日的仪式也有其特殊的意义。一年中，美国人按照传统习惯要欢度许多节日，庆祝方式各不相同。根据时间先后，主要节日有：

1.新年（New Year's Day）：

一月一日美国人过新年，但最热闹的是除夕晚上。

2.情人节（St. Valentine's Day）：

二月十四日，是情侣们交换礼物，表示爱意的欢乐节日。

3.圣派克节（St. Patrick's Day）：

三月十七日，纪念爱尔兰（Ireland）守护神圣派克。

4.复活节（Easter）：

复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的一个宗教节日。每年春分过去，第一次月圆后的第一个星期日就是复活节。如果月圆那天正好是星期日，复活节将延迟一周举行。彩蛋和兔子是复活节的象徵。复活节的传统食品主要有羊肉和火腿。

5.阵亡将士纪念日（Memorial Day）：

阵亡将士纪念日是美国大多数州都要纪念的节日，许多州将它订在五月的最后一个星期一。

6.独立日（Independence Day）：

独立日即美国的国庆节，日期为七月四日，以纪念一七七六年七月四日大陆会议通过「独立宣言」。

7.劳动节（Labor Day）：劳动节是美国全国性节日，为九月的第一个星期一，放假一天，以示对劳工的尊重，通常各地会有游行活动。

8.万圣节（Halloween）：

万圣节（All Saints' Day）是西方的传统节日，时间为十月卅一日。万圣节前夜，孩子们装扮成妖魔鬼怪，手提「杰克灯」，跑到邻居家门前，高声喊着：「Trick or Treat」，不给糖果的邻居就会遭到小孩的恶作剧，学校通常也有庆祝万圣节的化妆晚会。

9.感恩节（Thanksgiving Day）：

十一月的最后一个星期四是感恩节。

10.圣诞节（Christmas）：

十二月二十五日圣诞节，纪念耶稣诞辰，是美国最大最热闹的节日。

V. 阿拉伯国家之禁忌

莫夸奖任一中东国家, 不能双手交叉着说话, 洋娃娃不能当礼物, 禁穿有星星图案的衣服, 不送酒

VI. Valentine's Day

St. Valentine's Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of the day is Cupid（爱神丘比特）, the Roman god of love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow.

February 14 was also a Roman holiday, held in honor of a goddess. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities. The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date spread through Europe in the Middle Ages, and then to the early American colonies. Throughout the ages, people also believed that birds picked their mates on February 14!

Whatever the odd mixture of origins, St. Valentine's Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day that you show your friend or loved one that you care. You can send candy to someone you think is special. Or you can send roses, the flower of love.

Americans of all ages love to send and receive valentines.

For teenagers and adults, major newspapers throughout the country have a Valentine's Day offer. Anyone can send in a message, for a small fee of course, destined for a would-be sweetheart, a good friend, an acquaintance or even a spouse of fifty years. The message is printed in a special section of the newspaper on February 14.

●Section 3 Words and expressions from Reading

●Welcome to the unit

1. Look at the pictures below and discuss the following questions with your partner. (P33)看下面的图画, 并与你的搭档讨论下面的问题.

1) below

adv. 1) at or to a lower level, position or place 在或向较低处

She looked down from the mountain to the valley below.

2) under the surface 在地下

The captain told the sailors to go below.

prep. Lower than; under 在…下;低于

Children below the age of 16 are not allowed to enter.

2) following

adj. next (to be mentioned) 随后的

The child was sick in the evening, but on the following day he seemed well again.

prep. after an event or as a result of 在…之后

Following the speech, there will be a few minutes for questions.

2. In the Middle East, Arabs greet each other by touching noses. (P33) 在中东, 阿拉伯人的见面礼是互相碰鼻子.

touch

vt. 1) be or come together with 9sth. else) so that there is no space between 接触,触及

One of the branches was touching the water.

2) make (sb./sb.s feelings) sympathetic or sad 感动(某人); 触动(某人的感情)

We were all deeply touched by his tragic experience.

touch用作名词的相关短语:

get in touch with 与…取得联系

keep in touch with 与…保持联系

lose touch with 与…失去联系

out of touch with 与…不联系

●Reading--- Cultural differences

1. Today I would like to talk to you guys and try to accumulate some more information about cultural differences because I have to do a piece of homework on cultural differences. (P34) 今天我想和伙计们谈谈, 并想搜集更多的关于文化差异的信息.因为我必须完成一份关于文化差异的家庭作业.

accumulate

vt. &vi. 1) gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth. 积累,聚集

By investing wisely she accumulates a fortune.

2) increase in number or quality 增加

Dust or dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly.

2. This is a very interesting topic. (P34) 这是个很有趣的话题.

topic

n. (c) a subject which is discussed, written about or studied:

Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.

注意比较:

theme

n. (c) the main subject of a talk, book, film, etc. or a short, simple tune on which a piece of music is based: 主题

The theme of loss runs through most of his novels.

title (NAME)

n. (c) the name of a film, book, painting, piece of music, etc: 题目

The title of Evelyn Waugh's first novel was 'Decline and Fall'.

And this next record is the title track on the album 'The Red Shoes' (= the piece of music and the

record are both called 'The Red Shoes').

3. Here at my school in Brunei, we experience cultural differences all the time because we have some native English teachers. (P34) 在文莱, 我们在学校里一直能体会到文化差异, 因为我们有几位以英语为母语的老师.

all the time 一直

The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.

相关高考试题

----Can the project be finished as planned?

----Sure, ______ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day. （福建）

A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get

答案：B

4. He gets quite excited whenever it comes to this topic.（P34）一谈到这个话题，他就很兴奋。

get excited (变得)兴奋起来

He got excited when he heard the news.

Note:（1）get+ p.p. 使自己处于某种状态和情况；或表被动意义。如：

get dressed 穿上 get married 结婚

get burnt 烧伤，晒黑了 get paid 得以付钱

get drunk 喝醉酒 get started 开始

（2）get + adj. 表示达到某种状态或情况

get well/bored/hungry/worried/fat/fit/cold, etc.

come to

1) to reach a particular point or state:

His hair comes right down to his shoulders.

He's tiny, he doesn't even come up to my chest!

And now I come to (= I will mention) my main point.

The war had just come to an end (= ended).

2) to be a particular total when numbers or amounts are added together:

That comes to 25.

3) If you come to a decision, arrangement etc., you make a decision or decide what to think about sth.:

We haven't come to a decision on the matter yet.

Have you come to any conclusions about the story yet?

4)to become conscious again after an accident or operation:

Has he come to yet?

5) If a thought or idea comes to you, you suddenly remember or start to think about it:

I can't remember his name - it'll come to me in a minute.

相关高考试题

Most of us know we should cut down on fat, but knowing such things isn’t much help when it ______ shopping and eating. (2006天津)

A. refers to B. speaks of C. focuses on D. comes to

答案：D.

5. I suppose Waled has already told you about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he was given it at the end-of-term ceremony? （P34）我想威得已经告诉了你关于那位在期末典礼上将收到的礼物立刻就打开了的英国老师的事了吧？

suppose

vt. 1) to think that sth. is likely to be true:

[+ (that)] I couldn't get any reply when I called Dan, so I suppose (that) he's gone out.

He found it a lot more difficult to get a job than he supposed it would be.

[+ (that)] Do you suppose (that) Gillian will marry him?

It is widely supposed (that) the minister will be forced to resign.

[+ to infinitive] We all supposed him to be German, but in fact he was Swiss.

Her new book is supposed to be (= generally people think it is) very good.

2) [+ (that)] used in making polite requests:

I don't suppose (that) you could/I suppose you couldn't lend me 5 till tomorrow, could you?

Note: be supposed to 相当于 should

6. The British teachers didn’t know what he was talking about or what Thanksgiving was held in celebration of. (P34) 来自英国的老师不知道他在谈论什么, 也不知道感恩节是为庆祝什么而举行的.

in celebration of: in order to celebrate

celebrate

vi.&vt. to take part in special enjoyable activities in order to show that a particular occasion is important:

We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner.

If this plan works, we'll celebrate in style (= in a special way).

celebration

n. [C or U] a special social event, such as a party, when you celebrate sth. or the act of celebrating sth.:

There were lively New Year celebrations all over town.

Such good news calls for (= deserves) a celebration!

Let's buy some champagne in celebration of her safe arrival.

注意比较:

celebrate表“庆祝”，宾语是事，即后接sth. 其名词构成的词组为：have/hold a celebration(举行庆祝会)in celebration of…（为了庆祝…）

congratulate表“祝贺”其宾语是受到祝贺的人，可组成短语congratulate sb. on sth./doing…

名词congratulation可构成短语congratulations to sb. on sth./doing…

7. In the UK, the guests are expected to give presents to the newly-weds, but in Italy, the newly-weds are expected to give their guests presents as a souvenir to remember the big day. (P35) 在英国, 客人通常要送礼物给新婚夫妇, 而在意大利,新婚夫妇要给客人门赠送礼物作为记住这一个重要日子的纪念品.

expect

vt. 1) to think or believe sth. will happen, or someone will arrive:

We are expecting a lot of applicants for the job.

[+ (that)] I expect (that) you'll find it somewhere in your bedroom.

I expect (that) he'd have left anyway.

[+ to infinitive] He didn't expect to see me.

The financial performance of the business is fully expected (= almost certain) to improve.

We were half expecting you not to come back.

2) to think that someone should behave in a particular way or do a particular thing:

I expect punctuality from my students.

[+ to infinitive] Borrowers are expected to (= should) return books on time.

expected

adj. [before noun]

The expected counter-attack never happened.

expectancy

n. [U] when you think that sth. exciting or pleasant is going to happen:

There was a general air of expectancy in the crowd.

expectation

n. 1) [C usually plural] when you expect good things to happen in the future:

The holiday lived up to all our expectations (= was as good as we were expecting).

I have high expectations for this job (= I believe it will be good).

We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.

I think she had unrealistic expectations of motherhood.

2) [C or U] when you expect sth. to happen:

Considering the injuries he's had there can be little expectation of him winning the race.

Our expectations are that the UK will cut its interest

相关高考试题

When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike _____ to become a world champion by his coach and parents. (2006上海)

A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected

答案：C

8. So, to clarify, if I got married in the UK, I would expect a present, but if I got married in Italy, I would have to give a present. (P35) 让我来说得更清楚些. 如果我是在英国结婚的话, 我就会得到一份礼物, 但如果我是在意大利结婚的话, 我就得送给别人一份礼物.

clarify

vt. 1) to make sth. clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation:

Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely.

The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.

2) to remove water and unwanted substances from fat, such as butter, by heating it

clarification

n. [C or U]

Some further clarification (= explanation) of your position is needed.

clarified

adj.

You often use clarified butter when making curry.

9. If a man participates in a wedding reception in Brunei, he has to sit with the bridegroom and the other men. (P35) 如果一位男士是在文莱参加婚宴, 他就得和新郎及其他的男士坐在一起.

1) participate

vi. to take part in or become involved in an activity:

She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?

participation

n. [U] when you take part or become involved in sth.

participant

n [C] a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity

2) reception

n. 1) [U] the act of welcoming someone or sth.:

The new hospital was ready for the reception of its first patients.

相关高考试题

--- Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?

--- He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word. (2006四川)

A. before B. until C. when D. after

答案：A

12. …, it’s time for me to log off,…, (P35) 我要下线了.

log

n. [C] a thick piece of tree trunk or branch, especially one cut for burning on a fire

vt./vi. to cut down trees so that you can use their wood:

The forest has been so heavily logged that it is in danger of disappearing.

vt. to officially record sth.:

The Police Complaints Authority has logged more than 90 complaints.

logging

n. [U] the activity of cutting down trees for wood:

logging companies.

phrasal verb to connect a computer to a computer system by typing your name, so that you can start working:

Log on using your name and password.

log off/out

phrasal verb to stop a computer being connected to a comput

Part One Teaching Design

第一部分教学设计

Aims and requirements

Read a speech made by a UN Goodwill Ambassador and the diary entry of a Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) nurse

Listen to a news report about problems in the mountains in northern Thailand

Discuss the work and skills of a UN Goodwill Ambassador and talk about ways in which students could help children in poor areas

Write a proposal suggesting ways to help poor children

Make an action plan of things you could do to help your community

Procedures

● Welcome to the Unit

Step 1: Brainstorming

As we all known, we human beings are often stricken by natural disasters. Can you name some of them?

flood, fire, volcano, earthquake, typhoon, hurricane, tsunami, desertification, sandstorm

tornado, drought…

Do they have anything in common? What’s it?

They share one common feature, that is, they cause a great deal of damage to buildings and hurt lots of people.

Would you ask for help if you were involved in a natural disaster? Which organization or person would you turn to for help?

firemen, policemen, PLA men, doctors, governments, Red Cross, hospitals, first-aid station…

Step 2: Sharing information

1. Let’s watch a series of news first. What can we learn from the news?

The whole world is a large family. We make every effort to help the people in trouble, no matter who they’re.

To help the people in trouble more efficiently, more and more international organizations are set up. They help many people around the world to have better lives, especially when things go wrong. What organizations do you know of that can help with the people in trouble?

For reference

美国慈善国际组织（Mercy Corps）

英国全球伙伴组织（Global Partner）

爱尔兰关怀组织（Ireland’s Concern）

法国“泪水”基金会（French Tear Fund）

亚洲医生联合协会（AMDA）

世界宣明会(World Vision)

…

For reference

Actually, there are many governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations that aim at improving the harsh situations. The International Committee of the Red Cross is dedicated to providing humanitarian aids in different areas around the world. Doctors Without Borders or Medecins Sans Frontieres ( MSF) is an independent international medical relief organization that aids victims of armed conflicts, epidemics and natural and man-made disasters, and others who lack health care due to social or geographical isolation, There are also some other organizations in the world which serve the purpose of offering help to those in need.

2. Look at the six pictures at page 49, these pictures present situations where people need international aid. Let’s have a discussion about them.

Picture 1

Can you guess from the caption what the main tasks of peacekeeping soldiers are?

To keep the peace in the countries or areas where there have been wars or conflicts.

Do you think these soldiers play an important role in maintaining the world peace?

Do you think this kind of job is very demanding, challenging and risky? Why or why not?

When you grow up, would you like to do this kind of job if you had the chance? Why or why not?

Picture 2

What can you see in the picture?

It is a picture of African children living in a poverty-stricken area. They suffer from malnutrition and hunger because of lack of food..

Can you imagine what will happen to these hungry children if nobody helps?

Some of them may die of hunger.

How do you feel when you see this picture?

How can we help them?

Picture 3

What can you see in the picture?

A flooded area.

Suppose your home was struck by a flood, what would your life be like? Would you still live a normal life as before?

No. For example, the roads would be blocked by the broken trees; the means of communication and traffic-roads and railway would be cut off.

Picture 4

What can you see in the picture?

Water is being pumped into the fields.

What factors can ensure a good harvest?

Proper methods of farming, fertile soil, sufficient volume of rainfall, enough sunlight, advanced technology, etc.

What would happen if there was not enough water for farming?

Farmers would be very worried about their crops if there was a drought, as a drought sometimes can cause a famine.

Picture 5

What is the doctor in the picture doing?

Working to help people in poor countries.

Why do you think that doctors and nurses need to go to poor areas or countries to help?

People in poor areas don’t have money to go to hospital if they are ill. In addition, hospitals in these areas cannot provide the doctors and nurses with enough training or equipment.

Picture 6

Apart from the problems listed above, people in poverty are still facing many other difficulties. Can you name some of them?

Do you think children can receive good education and good medical care in poor areas?

Can their daily necessities be guaranteed? If not, what will happen?

For reference

International aid aims to help people, especially those in the poverty-stricken areas in some developing countries, to improve their living standards and better their lives.

Besides, it offers timely and appropriate medical help and provides sufficient educational opportunities for the children. For more information, you can visit the following website: http: //www.gospelcom.net / ia /

Step 3: Discussion

Have you ever helped people in need? What did you do to help them?

Yes, I have. I remember when I was in primary school, the teacher asked us to donate our pocket money to Project Hope. I gave all my pocket money that I saved a long time. Though it was not much, I still wanted to do something to show that I cared. I also had a pen friend from a rural area in northern China when I was in junior high school. Apart from exchanging information about our lives with her, I occasionally mailed her some of my spare books and stationery. During the Spring Festival, I also shared my red packets with her.

Step 4: Homework

1. Collect more information about international organizations helping people in need.

2. Prepare the Reading part.

Reading The UN-bringing everyone closer together

Step 1: Lead-in

Now, we’re studying in the large, bright classroom equipped with advanced facilities. In this environment, most of us believe we can realize our dreams as long as we work hard. But look at these pictures. Do you think they have dreams as well? What do you think they can do to realize their dreams?

So, we know that in other parts of the world, there are lots of children who are still struggling with starvation or war. Have you ever thought about doing something for those children to help them realize their dreams? If you have, what would you do?

For reference

1. Make a donation to help more children in poor areas to attend school.

2. Help to raise the public’s awareness about the plight of the poor.

…

Step 2: Fast reading for general ideas

Go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find answers to the three questions in part A on Page 50. Just focus on and identify the information needed to answer these questions.

Answers

A 1 A businesswoman and a Goodwill Ambassador.

2 191 countries.

3 Countries in Africa.

Step 3: Detailed reading for important information

1. Let’s read the speech a second time and complete Parts C1 and C2 on page 52

Answers

C1 1 An international group made up of countries that want to increase peace.

2 Honoured and happy.

3 They come from different countries that belong to the UN.

4 She mainly visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

5 Baskets. They sell them at the market.

6 Lack of education, lack of money, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease.

7 Access to fresh drinking water for everyone and primary education for all children.

C2 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 T

2. Listen to the tape and choose the best answers to the following questions:

(1) What occupation does Tang Ning take up in the UN?

A. The Secretary-General.

B. A Goodwill Ambassador.

C. The spoken man.

D. A clerk.

(2) How much money does she earn by doing the job?

A. She earns a lot.

B. She volunteers. She gets no salary for the job.

C. She earns some, though not much.

D. It isn’t mentioned in the article.

(3) What project or projects has she been involved in?

A. She helps develop the world’s education.

B. She helps deal with such problems as poverty and disasters.

C. She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.

D. She visits the poorest areas in the world.

Keys BBC

3. Now read the speech a third time and fill in the table with the correct answers.

The United Nations

When it was set up After the Second World War in October 1945

Countries in the UN (originally) 51 countries

(recently) 191 countries

Problems it deals with helps end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts; assists the victims of wars and disasters; protects human rights; improves international laws; helps with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and diseases

Its four main purposes to keep international peace

to develop friendly relationships among nations

to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights

to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations

Goals it promises to achieve by eight goals, one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education

Step 4: Practice

1. Let’s complete Parts D (Refer to the text while completing part D)

Answers

D 1. d 2. f 3. a 4. g 5. I 6.h 7. e 8. c 9. b

2. Now, let’s read an article about Tang Ning’s speech by a newspaper reporter and fill in the blanks with the given words. After that, you’ll be more familiar with the speech. Finish the exercise by yourselves and we’ll check the answers later together.

Answers

(1)honoured (2)international

(3)purposes (4)laws

(5)poverty (6)disasters

(7)encourage (8)drinking water

Step 5: Post-reading activities

1. Pair work:

Now, have a discussion with your partner. Suppose you are a journalist from a local newspaper and have the chance to interview Tang Ning. What other thins do you want to ask her apart from what you already know?

For reference

Ms Tang, I’m very happy to have the chance to interview you today. I know that you do lots of work for the UN but you get no pay. Why do you choose to work without pay? Do you think it’s rewarding? Do you think international organizations like the UN play a significant part in helping those in need and developing society? What if we lived in a world without organizations like the UN?

2. Group work:

Let’s hold a debate: If Tang Ning was not a successful businesswoman, do you think she would still be chosen to be a Goodwill Ambassador?

3. Let’s come to Part F. Work in pairs and share your opinions with each other.

4. Discussion: How do you understand the title The UN-bringing everyone closer together?

Step 6: Language points

Vocabulary Words refer, operate, honour, purpose, touch, conflict, worthy, press, draw, lack, remote

Useful expressions refer to, feel honoured to do, take on, be based on, be involved in, draw one’s attention, add…to…, under the umbrella of, apart from, set out, on behalf of

Sentence patterns 1. I am pleased to have …, as it is more often referred to.

2. As you know, the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.

3. Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them.

4. One of the goals is to ensure…. Another is to ensure….

Step 7: Homework

Parts A1 and A2 on page124 in Workbook.

●Word power

Step 1: Brainstorming

1. As we all know, the United Nations plays a very important role in handling world affairs. It touches many parts of our daily lives. The UN works in agriculture, economic growth, education, health, environment, global partnerships and some other fields. The UN is connected to many different organizations that do different projects or programmes.

To know more about the UN organizations, we need to do some research. I suggest you look in newspapers, magazines, books in the library and perhaps on the Internet for more information about how many divisions and organizations are connected to the UN and what they are.

For reference

The UN organizations

Programmes and Funds

1.UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

2. WFP World Food Programme

3. UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

4.UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UNHSP)

5. UNFPA United Nations Population Fund

6. UNCDF United Nations Capital Development Fund

7. UNV United Nations Volunteers

8. UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund for Women

9. UNDP United Nations Development Programme

10. UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

UNEP United Nations

Environment Programme

1. UNDCP United Nations Drug Control Programme

2. ITC International Trade Centre (UNCTAD/WTO)

3. UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Specialized Agencies

1. ILO International Labor Organization

2. FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

3. UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

4. WHO World Health Organization

World Bank Group

1. IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

2. IDA International Development Association

3. IFC International Finance Corporation

4. MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

5. ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes

6. IMF International Monetary Fund

7. ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization

8. IMO International Maritime Organization

9. ITU International Tele-communication Union

10. UPU Universal Postal Union

11. WMO World Meteorological Organization

12. WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization

13. IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development

14. UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization

15. WTO World Tourism Organization

Step 2: Vocabulary learning

1. First, I’d like to ask you some questions to see whether you’ve got some information about the UN?

Which organizations did you find are connected to the UN?

Please choose one organization and tell us when it was set up. What does the organization mainly focus on?

What do you think of its role in the UN or in the world?

2. Let’s read an article found in the library about the different organizations connected to the UN. Try to know the main functions of these organizations. After that, we’ll have a discussion.

Suppose an island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean has been struck by a terrible hurricane. All the supplies have been cut off, roads have been blocked and lots of people have been blocked and lots of people have been injured. If so, what organizations or programmes could they turn to for help?

Which organizations contribute a lot to the equal education of children and equal treatment of women?

What do the letters E, S and C in UNESCO stand for? In your opinion, what is UNESCO responsible for?

3. Now we’ve had a better understanding of the organizations of the UN. Let’s try to complete the chart on Part B.

Answers

B (2) Food and Agricultural Organization

(3) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(4) World Health Organization

(5) International Civil Aviation Organization

(6) Universal Postal Union

(7) World Bank group

(8) International Monetary Fund

(10) UN Environment Progamme

(11) UN Drugs Control Programme

(12) UN Development Programme

(13) UN Development Fund for Women

Step3: Vocabulary extension

1. Now let’s come to part C on page 27. Read the passage and fill in the blanks correctly.

Answers

C (1) International Monetary Fund

(2) International Civil Aviation Organization

(3) Universal Postal Union

(4) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

(5) Food and Agricultural Organization

(6) International Labour organization

(7) World Health Organization

2. Do you know what UN and NGOs stand for? Can you give the full name of them?

This shortened version of the name of something is called an acronym. It consists of the first letter of each word of the name. As for the pronunciation of an acronym, it is sometimes read as individual letters and sometimes read as a new word.

Now, please work out the acronyms on P55.

Answers

IMF International Monetary fund

FAO Food and Agricultural Organization

ILO International Labour Organization

UNESCO United nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization

WHO World Health Organization

UNEP United Nations Environment Programme

3. Now, I’ll give you more acronyms of international organizations. Do you know their full name?

WTO World Trade Organization

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

ADB Asian Development bank

ICRC International Committee of the red Cross

ITU International Telecommunication Union

4. Reading:

words: 127 time: 2’10’’

Origin of World Refugee Day

For years, many countries and regions have been holding their own Refugee Days and even Weeks. One of the most widespread is Africa Refugee Day, which is celebrated on 20 June in several countries.

As an expression of solidarity with Africa, which hosts the most refugees, and which traditionally has shown them great generosity, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 55/76 on 4 December . In this resolution, the General Assembly noted that 2001 marked the 50th anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, and that the Organization of African Unity (OAU) had agreed to have International Refugee Day coincide with Africa Refugee Day on 20 June. The Assembly therefore decided that, from 2001, 20 June would be celebrated as World Refugee Day.

Step 4: Homework

Read the transcript in Part B on page 129 in Workbook.

● Grammar and Usage

Step 1: General introduction

This section teaches four other cases that need to use unreal conditionals. You’ll learn the forms of mixed unreal conditionals, words that can replace if-clauses in implied conditionals and the usage of wish or would rather in unreal conditionals.

Step 2: Revision

As we learned in the last unit, when a sentence is talking about something that is not real or currently impossible, the verb will be used in a special form that expresses a wish, possibility, condition, etc.

Here’re some exercises for you. Choose the best answers:

1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

2. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

3. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved

C. will be saved D. had been saved

5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

7. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made

8. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. should be

Keys 1-5 CBCAB 6-8 ADC

Step 3: Explanation and practice

1. We should first pay attention to the forms of the predicate verbs in different tenses when we use sentences in unreal conditional. Let’s remember how to form unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.

tense If-- clause main clause

present did(were) would/ should/ could/ might do

past had done would/ should/ could/ might have done

future did，should do，were to do would/ should/ could/ might do

2. We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses.

e.g. 1) If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now.

2) If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.

Now, complete Part A. Pay attention to the different tenses in the if-clause and the main clause.

Answers

A (1) had not studied (2) would not be

(3) had studied (4) would have

(5) knew (6) would be

(7) could help (8) would not be

3. Read Point 2. Sometimes we can use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replaces a if-clause in implied conditionals. Pay attention to the verb form in the main clauses.

4. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.

In object clauses after wish or would rather the subjunctive verb forms are often used because the speaker thinks what is said in the clause is currently not true or possible, or will not happen. You should know different subjunctive verb forms are used in the object clause according to the time that the event happened or will happen.

e.g. 1) I wish you had met him yesterday.

2) Without your help , we couldn’t have made such progress in my study in the past few years .

3) If only you hadn’t told him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

4) Without electronic computers, much of today's advanced technology couldn’t have been achieved.

5. Read the dialogue in Part B and fill in each blank with a proper word or phrase according to the meaning of the sentence.

Answers

(1) Without (2) otherwise/or (3) otherwise/or (4) wish (5)With

(6) Without (7) even if (8)without (9) If only (10) as if

For reference

动词的语气--虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类

l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2、语气的种类：

(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下:

从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式，should + 动词原形，were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldn’t) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你一定不会(不可能)考试不及格。

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4、有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

5、虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(l)省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。

(2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。 I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就……)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成……)

6、省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

(1)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了”If you had wanted to“)(事实是:你自己没洗衣服，因为你不想洗。)

(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了!(事实是:她已经走了。)

三、虚拟语气的其他用法

l、虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在”It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that…“这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构，表示某事是”重要“、”奇怪“、”自然“、”必要“等意义。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。

2、虚拟语气在宾语从句中用法：

(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。1)表示对现在情况的虚拟:从句动词用过去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示对过去情况的虚拟:从句动词常用”had十过去分词“。如: I wish (wished) I hadn’t spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。(实际上已经花掉)；3)表示对将来的主观愿望:谓语动词形式为”would十动词原形“。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻来。

(2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。

3、虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法

(1)在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

(2)由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

4、虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：在”It is time (that) …“句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是”该干某事的时候了“。如: It’s (high) time we did our homework. 我们该做作业了。

5、虚拟语气在简单句中的用法

(1)情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌，或委婉的语气，常见于日常会话中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别太晚睡觉。

(2)在一些习惯表达中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我宁愿不告诉你。

(3)用“may + 动词原形”表示”祝愿“、”但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

相关高考试题

1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday. (全国)

A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened

2. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?

---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to. (2005江苏)

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

3. If I ________plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)

A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to

Keys 1-3 DBB

Step 4: Consolidation

I. Multiple choice

1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.

A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed

2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.

A. has B. have C. had D. having

3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.

A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn

4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

A. didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told

5. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.

A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be

6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.

A. had invented B. were invented

C. should have been invented D. had been invented

7. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.

A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they

8. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.

A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught

9. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.

A. shouldn't have washed B. mustn't have washed

C. can not have washed D. needn't have washed

10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got

11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself.

A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure

12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.

A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D. did not play

13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.

A. would go B. will go C. went D. have gone

14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.

A. be collected B. must be collected C. was collected D. can be collected

15. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A. approve B. will approve C. can approve D. would approve

16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned

17. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.

A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen

18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.

A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned

C. would telephone D. had telephoned

19. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.

A. is not started B. will not be started

C. not be started D. is not to be started

20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.

A. ought have invited B. would have invited

C. should invite D. may have invited

22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.

A. needn't go B. should not go C. had better not go D. needn't have gone

23. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework..

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

24. It was essential that the application forms ___________ back before the deadline

A. must be sent B. would be sent C. be sent D. were sent

25. It is important that we ________.

A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave

C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave

II. Translation

1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。

2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。

3. ---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？

---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。

4．如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。

5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。

Keys

I. 1-5: CBABC 6-10: DACDB 11-15: ACCAD 16-20: CDACA 21-25: BDACD

II.

1. I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.

2. He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.

3．---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?

---- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.

4．If you hadn’t seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

5．Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.

●Task Helping poor children

Skills building 1: listening for specifics

In this part, you will learn how to listen for problems and the causes of the problems. We always have something specific to listen for when we listen to something. We should try to seize the key phrases or sentences that are relevant.

First let’s have a discussion about the following questions:

If we want to know what the problem is when we are listening to a news report, what phrases or sentences should we pay special attention to?

(The problem is that…/As you can see…/The result is …/This means …)

If we want to know what has caused the problem when we are listening to a news report, what should we pay special attention to?

(This is because…/This problem has been caused by…/Unfortunately, …/…as…)

Step 1: finding out about problems

1. Now read the guidelines in Part A on page 58 to find out what you’ll listen for and what you are asked to do in this part. Go over the table in Part A. Then listen to the tape, trying to complete the table.

Tapescript

Reporter: Here I am in northern Thailand. As you can see, the families living here are living in very poor conditions. There is no running water and no electricity in this village. Water has to be collected from the river 10 minutes’ walk away. This may seem near but when you need water for many things, walking 10 minutes is a long time. The water then needs to be boiled before it can be used. The result of not boiling the water is illness. As you can see, the villagers’ houses are built of wood and are not very strong. This is because they have no money and cannot get hold of any materials. The people have very few things like clothes or furniture because they have no money and they are a long way from the nearest town. There is a bus but you have to walk six kilometers to get to the nearest road.

As I said earlier, there is no electricity in this village, so when it is dark, the only light comes from the small fires that the family cooks over. Unfortunately, much of the forest around the village has been cut down for firewood and so the villagers have to walk further and further away from the village to get wood. This also means that water may not be boiled for long enough as there is very little wood. This is going to be a big problem in the future.

Answers

A (1) no running water (3) no money (4) few clothes or furniture

(5) no electricity (6) forest has been cut down

2. Listen to the second part of the report and finish the table in Part B on P59.

Now listen to the lecture for a second time, and finish Part A & Part B on P33.

Tapescript

Reporter: Over there you can see the school. As the village is poor, the school has no roof. There are no chairs either, so the children have to sit on the floor. When it rains, school is stopped. Many children, especially the girls, do not go to school because they have to stay at home and help their parents or grandparents with the farming of their small pieces of land. All the farming is done by hand as the villagers have no money for equipment. It is difficult to raise animals because of the small amount of land and water available. Because of this and the lack of fresh water, many of the children have poor diets. A common problem is that they de not eat enough meat to get the amount of protein that they need. As a result, they do not grow properly and cannot concentrate on learning. Another problem is that many of the children’s parents have died because of AIDS. This means that the grandparents have to bring up the children. That is very difficult because they are already old and poor.

Answers

(1) poverty

(2) many children, especially girls, do not go to school

(4) all farming is done by hand

(5) small amount of land and water available

(6) children have poor diets

(7) children do not grow properly

(8) many of the children’s parents have died of AIDS

(9) grandparents have to bring up children

(10) grandparents are old and poor

3. Read the report in Part C. Try to get more information needed to finish the two tables.

Answers

A (2) repairing of pumps takes several days

B (3) not enough money

Skills building 2: discussing in groups

In this unit, you will review the sentence structures used to make suggestions, ask for opinions, express agreement or disagreement and make conclusions.

1. In a discussion, people usually give suggestions. There are some sentences or sentence structures used particularly for this purpose. What sentences do you know are often used to make suggestions? Remember you should be polite or not too blunt when giving suggestions. Please make some sentences using the structures given on P60.

For reference

I think it would be a good idea to post our proposal on the Internet.

We could help by giving out leaflets to ask people to donate money.

I would like to suggest that we organize a charity show.

It would be a good idea if we sell old books to raise money

2. In a discussion, we also need to know opinions from others, and we often use questions to ask for other people’s opinions. Now please make some sentences to ask others for their opinions.

3. Now, use the skills we have learned in part A to skim and scan for specific information from the newspaper article in Part B and answer the four questions.

4. There are many ways to express personal opinions about a suggestion. Let’s learn how to express disagreement in a polite way. Please make some sentences to express agreement or disagreement using the sentence structures given in point 3 on P60.

For reference

I agree to organize a charity show because more people will come and help.

That’s a great idea, but who will star in the show, who will be the host, and where we will hold the show are all problems we must think about.

I’m sorry but I don’t think that will work because we will need lots of money for the show.

5. At the end of the discussion, the group members should make conclusions and work out a solution. Please make some sentences to give conclusion or solution using the sentence structures given in point 4 on P60.

For reference

So to summarize, our group has decided to organize a charity show.

In conclusion, we have decided to organize a charity show.

Step 2: making suggestions

Now, let’s use the speaking skills we just learned. Let’s have a discussion: What can we do to help the poor children in northern Thailand?

Sample answers

S1: All of us have listened to the news report and read the article about the poor children in northern Thailand. I feel really sorry for them. What do you think we can do to help them?

Does anyone have any suggestions? I’ll write down your ideas.

S2: I think we could help by raising some money for them. I’d like to donate my pocket money.

S3: That’s a good idea. I suggest that we make a poster telling the students in our school about what kind of life these children have. We can ask all the students to donate some of their pocket money.

S4: OK, that sounds like a good idea. I would like to donate some books.

S2: I’m sorry but I don’t think that would work. They won’t be able to read the books because they don’t understand Chinese. Maybe we can give them some English books. Does anyone have any other ideas?

S3: I think we can sell the old Chinese books to get some more money.

S4: Good idea. I would like to suggest giving them some clothes. I have many old clothes that I no longer wear. I think I could give them to the children there.

S2: I agree, but how can we send these books and clothes to them?

S3: We can go to a shipping company and ask if they can help to ship these things there.

S1: OK, so we’ve decided to raise as much money as we can and donate English books and clothes to children. We can also write a letter to them and tell them we want to help them.

Skills building 3: writing a proposal

When we want to give some suggestion, we sometimes need to write a proposal. In this unit, we’ll learn the structure of a proposal and what should be included in a proposal.

Read the six points in this part and try to find out which is the most important point in a proposal.

Step 3: composing a proposal

In this part, you’re required to write a proposal to UNICEF about how to help the hill tribe children in northern Thailand with information that you have learnt in Steps 1and 2.

1. Work in pairs and have a discussion: What should you write on the proposal to UNICEF? What title will you give to your proposal?

2. Now, work in groups of four to write the proposal.

3. Now, let’s share you proposals.

Possible example

Title: Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand

Group members: (Students’ own names)

Introduction: We have been researching the problems faced by the children in northern Thailand. There are many villages in northern Thailand where children do not have books. Their classrooms have no roofs. Many girls cannot go to school. Our group would like to help them.

Proposal:

We would like to help the children by:

donating the money collected from the students and teachers in our school

donating English books collected from the students in our school

donating clothes collected from the students in our school

writing a letter to them to tell them that we want to do what we can to help them

Benefits:

Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand to go to school and live a better life

Helping us recognize that there are many people in the world that need help

We would be pleased if you would approve our proposal. If you require any further information, please contact us.

Our contact details are:

(Students’ school address)

●Project Making an action plan

Reading

1.At the beginning of this class, let’s watch a video. From it, we know that when a nation is in trouble, the people all over the world will give a hand. And we also know that when a destructive disaster happens, medical aid is especially important to the injured people.

Today we’ll read a diary entry of a nurse who works for an international organization that provides medical service around the world. After that, I’m sure you’ll have a better understanding about what can be done to help poor people in poor areas.

2. Pair work: Have a discussion about the following questions:

Have you ever heard of an organization called MSF?

What does MSF stand for?

What does it mean in English?

Who do you think the members of MSF are?

What do you think the members of MSF do?

For reference

About MSF:

The MSF role in emergency medical aid

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international humanitarian aid organization that provides emergency medical assistance to populations in danger in more than 70 countries.

In countries where health structures are insufficient or even non-existent, MSF collaborates with authorities such as the Ministry of Health to provide assistance. MSF works in rehabilitation of hospitals and dispensaries, vaccination programmes and water and sanitation projects. MSF also works in remote health care centres, slum areas and provides training of local personnel. All this is done with the objective of rebuilding health structures to acceptable levels.

Raising Awareness

In carrying out humanitarian assistance, MSF seeks also to raise awareness of crisis situations; MSF acts as a witness and will speak out, either in private or in public about the plight of populations in danger for whom MSF works. In doing so, MSF sets out to alleviate human suffering, to protect life and health and to restore and ensure respect for the human beings and their fundamental human rights.

Only a small percentage of the populations that find themselves in a situation of danger gain the attention of the media. MSF teams travel to places that many people have never heard of, to assist those who have fallen victim to natural or man-made disasters. MSF volunteers have a story to tell when they return from their missions, and they use their experiences to speak of what they have seen. For MSF, raising awareness for these populations and the situations they are in is an important task. Whenever possible, MSF volunteers give interviews and make presentations. MSF offices worldwide facilitate the organization of gatherings, for individuals and groups who want to speak in their home communities. MSF also mounts exhibitions and, from time to time, releases publications, with the aim of raising awareness.

It is part of MSF's work to address any violations of basic human rights encountered by field teams, violations perpetrated or sustained by political actors. It does so by confronting the responsible actors themselves, by putting pressure on them through mobilization of the international community and by issuing information publicly. In order to prevent compromise or manipulation of MSF's relief activities, MSF maintains neutrality and independence from individual governments. The organization also tries to ensure that the majority of funds raised for its work comes directly from contributions from the general public. In this way, MSF guarantees equal access to its humanitarian assistance.

MSF has been setting up emergency medical aid missions around the world since 1971.

3. Read the passage “Changing the world---my commitment” Try to answer the first questions on P63.

Answers

1. The nurse and the other members of the medical team set up feeding centers to make sure that people get food, check the health of babies to make sure that they put on weight, give vaccinations to stop children dying from measles, and set up a clinic to take care of injuries. They also have to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading. In addition, they listen to and comfort people.

2. Sometimes there is lots of fighting. There is not enough clean water.

3. She feels she is very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile. She likes her job and she is happy and proud to make a difference to people’s lives on an individual level.

4. Read the passage again and try to judge whether the following statements are true or false.

1) Although there is too much work to do, she can still afford to write her diary every day.

2) The town is in ruins, but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.

3) Before working in this island, she has never worked in poor areas.

4) There are altogether five people on the medical team ,two doctors , one nurse and two assistants.

5) She worried that malnutrition will be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest have been destroyed.

6) Several MSF staff were attacked as people tried to get the food in Sudan.

Answers

1) F 2) F 3)F 4)T 5) T 6)T

5. Discussion: What does the writer mean by the title “Changing the world-my commitment”?

Making an action plan

Planning

Now let’s work in groups of four and discuss the questions on P63.

Preparing

Write a plan about what you are going to do and how to put your plan into action.

Presenting

At length, each group should present your plan to the whole class. Other groups can give your comments.

6. Homework:

Parts D1 and D2 on P127 in Workbook.

●Self-assessment

This section aims to help you assess the progress you have made, how much you have achieved, and also what else you can do to improve your understanding. The colour bar with five levels rates how confident you feel about what you have learnt in this unit.

In part A, some items are presented to you and you are asked to check how well you think you have developed these skills. Each item corresponds to one or more parts in this unit. For example, after finishing Part B on page 57, you will know whether you are able to use certain words or phrases to introduce unreal conditionals correctly. You have the opportunity to evaluate your own skills and abilities in English. If you feel very confident about another item, you get a score of 2. After going over all the items in this part, you need to add all the scores up and divide the total amount by the total sum. Thus, you will get a percentage, which shows your level.

In this unit, 15 items are listed with each one scoring 5. The total score is 75 points. These items cover the main study targets in this unit, including listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, the usage of vocabulary and grammar items, as well as doing activities in English. Through assessing themselves as learners, you will realize whether you have achieved the goals for this unit.

If you feel there are some areas in which you are not confident or just slightly confident about, you can think about how to improve on them. In Part B, you are asked to make an action plan, so you will know what to do and take some effective measures. You can also have a better understanding of your students, enabling yourself to guide them and help them study English more effectively.

Part Two Teaching Resources

第二部分教学资源

Section 1 A text structure analysis of The UN-bringing everyone closer together

I. Summary of The UN-bringing everyone closer together

Main idea of the passage brief introduction of the UN

Main idea of paragraph 1 time of founding and its purpose

Main idea of paragraph 2 peacekeeping operations of the UN

Main idea of paragraph 3 what the author does with the UN

Main idea of paragraph 4 how the organizations work

Main idea of paragraph 5 the UN helps countries with some problems

II. A tree diagram of the text :

III. A retold version of the text The UN-bringing everyone closer together

The United Nation was founded in Oct. 1954 by 51 countries. Today there are about 191 countries in the word that have the memberships of the UN. It plays a leading role in many ways. For example, it borrows soldiers from different countries to keep international peace. Led by the organizations of the UN, 191 different countries work together to solve international problems and to keep peace to develop friendly relationships among nations. Through these actions, the UN brings everyone in different countries close together.

IV. Translation of reading and project

Reading

联合国--让每个人靠得更近

我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，也叫UN------这个名称在英语里更为常用。联合国是一个国际组织，由所有愿意促进和平的国家组成，我很高兴入选联合国的-名亲善大使。作为一名亲善大使意味着我要前往联合国实施扶助项目的国家。能够担当这一角色，我感到非常荣幸。我会在后面跟大家谈谈我所做的一些工作，但首先我想跟大家简单介绍一下联合国的情况。那么联合国是什么时候成立的呢?联合国实际上是第二次世界大战之后于1945年10月由51个国家联合组建的。今天，世界上几乎每一个国家都是联合国的成员------共有191个国家。联合国建立在《联合国宪案》基础之上。该宪章确立了联合国的四大宗旨，即：维护国际和平；发展各国之间的友好关系；进行国际合作，以解决国际间的各种问题，增进对于全体人类之人权的尊重；构成一个协调各国行动或工作的中心。

如你所知，联合国触及世界各地每个人的生活。该组织参与维和行动，协助终止世界上一些最恐怖的冲突。观看对战争地区的任何电视报道，你就会看到头戴蓝色贝雷帽的士兵。联合国并不拥有自己的军队，而是向不同的成员国借用土兵。在这些军队和其他可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。此外，联合国还协助保护人权，致力改进各种国际法律，如有关童工的法律等。

以上是对联合国的简单介绍。现在我要跟大家谈谈我所做的跟联合国有关的工作。我参与联合国的工作是无偿的，是志愿工作。正如我刚才所说的，我主要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。那么，我如何通过访问这些国家来达到帮助的目的呢?是这样的，如果我访问这些国家，电视和报刊等媒体就跟随我，并记录我的行程。这会提升人们对联合国工作的意识。此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人民对相关情形的注意力。

到目前为止我访问了非洲的许多国家。最近，我非常幸运，去了一次南非，在那里我会见了一些结组自救的妇女。她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取1兰特(大约相当于人民币1．35元)，将这些钱和政府资助给她们的一笔钱加在一起。这样，妇女们就凑够了钱去购买做篮子的编织材料。之后，她们就将编织好的篮子拿到市场上销售。运气好的话，她们的小组还能够进一步扩大，或许还能开-个店铺。这个自救小组是由联合国妇女发展基金成立的，在联合国的管理体系中还有很多此类的项目和基金，它们已经为全世界数以百万计的人们提供了帮助。

除了由于战争和冲突所引起的各种紧急问题外，联合国还帮助解决其成员国的其他问题，如教育匮乏、食品不足、贫穷、灾难和疾病等。在召开的--次联合国会议上，所有的191个成员国都同意，到争取实现八个发展目标。这八个目标其中之-就是保证每个人都能够享受到新鲜的饮用水。另外-个发展目标就是保证所有的孩子都能够完成小学教育。如果大家想知道这方面更多的信息，可以浏览联合国的相关网页。现在，你们已了解到，由于联合国的工作，全世界的人靠得更近了。

Project

改变世界--我的义务

10月20日

到达这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。已经整整一周时间抽不出空闲写日记了。整个岛屿都遭遇了洪水的侵袭，许多人为躲避洪水都逃到山上。医院严重被毁，已是一片狼籍，完全无法使用了。这-切对我来说是一个全然不同的体验。通常情况下，我都是在那些缺水的地区工作，如肯尼亚和苏丹，那些地方的主要问题是饥荒。在苏丹，我们设立馈给站，确保人们能够得到食物；我们还检查婴儿的健康状况，确保婴儿的体重在增加。我们还做一个接种宣传活动，不再让儿童死干麻疹。遗憾的是，这个活动是在远离城市的乡村进行的，那儿战乱频繁。躲避枪林弹雨、展转奔波已经成了家常便饭。因此，这里的情形就完全不一样了，所存在的问题也不一样。我们非常担心，诸如疟疾和伤寒等由水传播的疾病会爆发。这里没有沙尘飞扬，我们看到的是一片汪洋。到处都是泥浆和水，让此地到彼地的行程变得很困难。

昨天，医疗队里我的同事和我(两名医生，作为护土的我，还有两名助手)在城市的北面发现了一个空旷的医疗中心。我们准备在那里设立一个临时诊所，来自海外的医疗设备和药品正在运输途中。我们已经开始清理这个医疗中心。影响到健康的问题之-是，那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的洪灾后很难得到药品，比如，那些患有心脏病或者糖尿病的人就是这样。轻微伤口也需要予以处治，特别是在这样潮湿的情况下。大多数病人的伤口是由于墙壁和屋顶坍塌所导致的。洪水使得伤口难以愈合，细菌容易扩散。同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所以及食物和干净水的供给都成了大问题。土地和庄稼都毁了，所以，营养不良会成为未来的一个问题。

食品已经开始陆续到达，但有一个问题，因为人们开始担心自己是否能够得到足够的食品。今天上午，人们由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。这使我想起了自己在苏丹所呆的那段时间，当时有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员由于人们哄抢食品而受到了攻击。

在这里有一个优势，很多人都会说英语或法语。这让彼此之间的交流变得容易多了，也易于了解他们的各种问题。当你和当地人不能说同一种语言时，你就很难弄清对方的问题。不过，我有很好的表演技巧，所以，即使在有语言障碍的情况下我还是能够同当地人进行交流。在这里，很多人似乎就是要和你交谈，所以，我发现我的工作不仅仅是做护士了，我还是一个聆听别人倾诉和安慰别人的人。

想象失去一切，甚至包括一些你的家人，是非常可怕的事情。我们到这里做的第-件事就是为那些被杀害的人建一个墓地。我们需要尽快掩埋那些尸体，以阻止疾病的蔓延和传播。这真是一件非常可怕的工作，我为那些死者的亲属感到非常难过。

回想起我参加“无国界医生组织”以来在全世界范围的所有经历，我觉得自己能够帮助别人，做一些值得的事情，这是非常幸运的。现在，我得考虑明天的事了。诊所有望明天开门，到那时我就没有时间记日记了。这里的经历让我珍惜我所拥有的一切，给了我-个从另外一个角度看事物的机会。我知道，作为个人我不能彻底改变世界，但我很自豪，因为我能到处给人多多少少提供一些帮助，在个人的层面上去改变人们的生活。

● Section 2 Background information about the UN

I. History of the United Nations

The name “United Nations”, coined by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was first used in the “Declaration by United Nations” of 1 January 1942, during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.

In 1899, the first International Peace Conference was held in The Hague to elaborate instruments for settling crises peacefully, preventing wars and codifying rules of warfare. It adopted the Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes and established the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which began work in 1902.

The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of Nations, an organization conceived in similar circumstances during the First World War, and established in 1919 under the Treaty of Versailles “to promote international cooperation and to achieve peace and security.”

In 1945, representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. Those delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the representatives of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, United States, in August-October 1944. The Charter was signed on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of the 50 countries. Poland, which was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one of the original 51 member states.

The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and a majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on 24 October each year.distressed area

“联合国”这一名称是由美国总统富兰克林D罗斯福设想出来的。该名称于1942年1月1日发布《联合国宣言》时首次使用。时值第二次世界大战进行期间，当时26个国家派出的代表承诺其政府将继续共同对轴心国作战。

18，第一次国际和平会议在荷兰海牙召开。此次会议的目的是制订旨在和平解决危机和防止战争的文件及编撰战争规则。会上通过了《和平解决国际争端公约》，并依据该公约成立了常设仲裁法院。常设仲裁法院于19开始工作。

联合国的前身是“国际联盟”。该组织是在与第二次世界大战情况类似的第一次世界大战的背景下构想出来的。“国际联盟”是根据《凡尔赛和约》于19成立的，其宗旨是“促进国际合作和实现世界和平和安全”。

1945年4月25日-6月26日，来自50国家的代表参加了在美国旧金山举行的联合国国际组织会议，会议的目的是起草《联合国宪章》。代表们在中国、苏联、联合王国和美国四国代表于1944年8月-10月在美国顿巴顿橡树园会议上提出的提案基础上进行了讨论。1945年6月26日，50国家的代表签署了《联合国宪章》。当时波兰没有派代表参加此次会议，但后来签署了《联合国宪章》，因而成为联合国51个创始会员国之一。

在中国、法国、苏联、联合王国和美国以及大多数其他签字国批准《联合国宪章》之后，联合国组织与1945年10月24日正式成立。从此，10月24日成为每年都要庆祝的联合国日。

II．UN EMBLEM AND FLAG

EMBLEM

Description:

The current United Nations emblem was approved on 7 December 1946. The design is “a map of the world representing an azimuthal equidistant projection centred on the North Pole, inscribed in a wreath consisting of crossed conventionalized branches of the olive tree, in gold on a field of smoke-blue with all water areas in white. The projection of the map extends to 60 degrees south latitude, and includes five concentric circles”.

Symbolism:

Olive branches symbolize peace. The world map depicts the area of concern to the United Nations in achieving its main purpose, peace and security.

Use:

The use of the emblem is restricted, based on General Assembly resolution 92(I),1946.

FLAG

Date:

20 October 1947

Description:

The official emblem of the United Nations in white, centered on a light blue ground.(PMS 279)

Proportions:

Hoist (width) : Fly (length) 2:3 or 3:5 or the same proportions as the national flag of any country in which the UN flag is flown; the emblem is one half of the hoist and is entirely centered.

Use:

The use of the flag is regulated by the United Nations flag code and regulations.

III. 联合国总部一览

通讯地址美国，NY 10017，纽约市，联合国。

四大主体建筑物秘书处大厦、大会大厦、会议楼区域（包括各理事会会议厅）和图书馆。

设计师沃里斯哈里森（美国人，总建筑师）；成员：尼古拉巴索夫（苏联）、盖斯顿 Brunfaut（比利时）、厄内斯特柯米尔（加拿大）、查尔斯柯布西埃（法国）、梁思成（中国）、斯文马克利乌斯（瑞典）、奥斯卡尼迈耶（巴西）、霍华德罗伯逊（英国）、G. A. Soilleux（澳大利亚）、Julio Vilamajo（乌拉圭）。

开工日期 1949年10月24日

造价 6500万美元

耸立在曼哈顿岛东岸、横跨纽约市东河两岸的联合国总部是和平的象征和希望的灯塔。地球上60亿人民的代表经常聚集在这个占地18英亩的地方，就和平、公正及经济和社会福利等问题进行商讨、作出决定。

也正是在这里，联合国秘书处的男女工作人员努力工作着，将这些决定付诸行动。有着高耸的玻璃幕墙的秘书处大厦、有着优美的圆弧外形的低矮的大会堂，加上蓝白相间的联合国旗，这些都已成为联合国这个国际组织的鲜明标志。

IV. The Biography of Kofi Annan

Kofi Annan of Ghana is the

模块六 Unit 4 (Helping people around the world)

Period 5 Project

Teaching aims：

1. To help students get the detailed information about the text.

2. To make students master the language points in the text.

Teaching difficulties：

1. How to make the students understand the passage better.

2. How to help the students finish all the exercises on the paper.

3. How to help the students grasp the usage of the new words in the text.

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

Ask students the following questions and discuss them briefly.

1. Does anyone in the world need any help from others?

2. What will you do if you are asked to offer help ?

3. What does MSF stand for? And what’s its purpose?

4. What do you think the members of MSF are?

5. Where do you think the nurse works most of the time?

6. What do you think is the most difficult thing for her to do?

7. What are the reasons why people there live such poor and terrible lives?

Step 2 Reading-comprehension

Ask the students to read through the text within ten minutes and complete the

following table with one exact word in one blank.

Change the world-my commitment

1._______ Everything is in chaos;

The whole island is flooded;

People have 2.________ to escape the floods.

The work of MSF Sets up feeding centers;

Checks the health of babies;

Conducts a vaccination campaign;

Sets up a 3._______ medical center on the north of the town;

4.________ the dead bodies as quickly as possible.

dangers The 5.________ of diseases;

Possible 6.________ from the people who fight for food;

7._________ caused by destroyed fields and harvest.

Thinking Being 8.________ over the local people’s lives

Feeling lucky and proud to be able to help others everywhere;

9.________ all the things she has had today;

Hoping to make a difference to people’s lives 10._________.

Step3 Further reading

1. Listening for further information

2. Questions:

Para 1

1) How did she help?

Set up feeding centers to ensure that people got food and we checked the health of babies

to make sure they were putting on weight. We had a vaccination campaign to stop children

dying from measles.

2) What dangers did she face?

Fighting in villages far from the city; looking out for bullets and running from one place to

another became way of life; water borne diseases such as malaria and typhoid; mud and

water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.

Para 2

1) Where was the A temporary clinic?

In a vacant health center in the north side of the town.

2) What problems can it solve?

People who have regular medication cannot get hold of it in a disaster such as this.

Minor injuries also need to be taken care of , especially as it is so wet.

3) What are other problems they must face?

In the rest of the city, shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems. The

fields and harvest have been destroyed and so malnutrition will be a problem in the

future. People have started to worry about that they will not get enough food.

Para 3

1. How do they communicate?

By speaking English or French, or using acting skills.

2. What are horrible things for her?

It is quite horrible to imagine losing everything, including some of your family.

That was a really horrible job to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop

disease spreading.

Para 4

1. What is the main idea of this paragraph?

About the MSF nurse’s feelings of working there.

2. Does she enjoy the experience of working there? Why?

Yes. This experience makes her appreciate all the things she has and gives her the

chance to see things from another side.

Step 4. Language focus

Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.

（1）不定式 to find 作结果状语，在英语中常见。如：

He hurried home, only to find his wife dead. 他匆忙赶到家，发现他妻子已死。

I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。

He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么。

（2）chaos 混乱：杂乱的一堆；乱成一团：

The desk was a chaos of papers and unopened letters.

桌上杂乱地堆放着一些纸张和未拆的信。

in chaos 杂乱、混乱、纷乱

The kitchen was in chaos.

After the war, the whole Iraq was in chaos.

2. Many of the people have fled to the mountains to escape the floods.

escape和flee两个单词均表示“逃”或“逃跑”的意思，但后者更强调在紧急情况

下仓促逃跑之意。

The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.

误点剖析

误：However four men were not quick enough to escape from the flames.

分析：这是一句错句。escape在这儿是及物动词，意思是“逃脱；逃避”，后面

直接跟名词或动词v-ing形式。例如：

You were lucky enough to escape punishment. 你的运气很好，免受惩罚。

He narrowly escaped death. 他是九死一生。

There's no way to escape doing the work. 无法逃避做这项工作。

类似用法的词还有：flee, survive, serve等。注意下列正误句子的比较：

错误句：Why does she always flee from any kind of responsibility?

正确句：Why does she always flee any kind of responsibility?

错误句：Did anyone survive from the earthquake?

正确句：Did anyone survive the earthquake?

错误句：You should serve for your country.

正确句：You should serve your country.

3. We are very concerned about the outbreak of water – borne diseases such as …….

concern vt 涉及, 关系 n. (利害)关系, 关心, 关注, 关注, 所关心的是

This problem concerns all of us.

We concerned ourselves with accomplishing the task at hand.

be concerned about 对……关心

All of us are concerned about our environment.

as far as something is concerned 就……而言

As far as money's concerned, there shouldn't be a problem.

as far as I’m concerned 依我看

As far as I'm concerned ,she can come home whenever she likes.

4……. and make a difference to people’s lives on an individual level.

make a difference 有影响，起作用，要紧

Whatever she did, it made no difference.

One more person wouldn't make any difference to the arrangements.

It could make the difference between missing your train and getting to work on time.

Step5 Practice

Ask students to do PartsB1 and B2 on page 125 in Workbook, so they will have

more chances to practice using words and phrases learnt in the text.

Step6 Homework

Finish off the exercise paper related to this part.

Exercises for students:

一、重要词组中译英 (词组中请不要出现and)

1. MSF is an international organization __________________(提供免费医疗服务)

2. I arrived here ____________________________(发现一切混乱不堪)

3. The _______(受损严重) hospital is in a mess and ___________(彻底不能用了)

4. We ________(建立) a clinic and checked the health of babies to make sure they

____________________(正在增长体重)

5. We had a vaccination campaign ________________ measles. (防止孩子死于…)

6. __________(留心子弹) and _______________(辗转奔波) became a way of life.

7. We are very _______________________________(担心由水传播的疾病爆发)

8. _____________________(没有到处飞扬的沙土), there is water.

9. We found a ______(空闲的) health center, _____________________________

(在那里我们打算建一个临时的诊所)

10. One of the health problem is that they can’t ____________________________

(得到常规药物治疗)

11. ________(次要伤口)also need ___________(被照顾), especially as it is so wet.

12.____________(大部分的)problems are from shelter and __________________

(供给途径) food and clean water.

13.It _____________(让我想到) the time in Sudan, _________________________

(在那里好几个MSF员工被袭击)

14. I find that my job is _____________________________(不局限在作护士). It

is also ________________________________________________________

(做一个能够倾听并安慰别人的人)

15. It’s quite horrible ______________________(想象失去一切)

16. I often ______________________(回想所有的经历) that I ________________

________________________(自从加入MSF所拥有的)

17. It makes me ______________(珍惜一切) I have and gives me the chance _____

_______________________(从另一个角度看事物)

18. I’m proud that I can help here and there, ____________________(改变，影响)

people’s lives _____________________(从个人的层面)

二、词汇练习(第59~63生词)

1. Whatever difficulty he is f_______ with, he never gives up.

2. I can’t afford the e______ of buying a house. It costs too much.

3. He left his homework at home, so he had to go back and f______ it.

4. With the computer b______ down, I can’t work any more.

5. A person’s life journey is always filled with all kinds of h_______.

6. The workers went on a strike because they were f______ to work more than ten

hours a day.

7. By no m______ should one break taboos when he comes to a new country.

8. When the president was assassinated, the whole nation fell into c______.

9. Many victims of the drought have f_____ to escape the famine.

10. As the seat is v_____, you can sit down here.

11. She is not my secretary, and she is just helping me t_________.

12. If not h_____ in time, the cut will cost your life.

13. He will go to Beijing for university study. M_______, he will be a volunteer

for Beijing Olympics.

14. It reminds me of one of my former c_______, who worked with me in the IBM

company.

15. I used my good acting skills to overcome the language b_____ when I first came

to France.

16. As we all now, when someone is sad, the c_______ from family and friends is

very important.

Recording after teaching:

模块六 Unit 4 (Helping people around the world)

Period 1 Reading

Teaching aims：

1. To encourage students to share their experience of helping others in their daily

life and let them know the importance of helping others;

2. To teach students some general information about the work and responsibility

of a UN Goodwill Ambassador;

3. To help students practice and reinforce their reading skills;

4. To help students master the language points in the reading.

Teaching difficulties：

1. How to use “as” in different kinds of clauses.

2. How to interchange attributive clauses and verb-ing or verb-ed phrases.

3. How to combine two independent sentences using attributive clauses.

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Lead-in

1. Start the class with the following questions:

Have you ever thought about the future?

What do you want to be in the future?

What do you think you should do to make your dream come true in the future?

Which do you think will help you fulfill your dream?

Have you ever thought about doing something for those children to help them

realize their dreams? If you have, what would you do?

2. Have students discuss and report their answers to the class. Help students

understand that not everyone in the world has the same opportunities. It would

be very hard for some people in poor areas to realize even a simple dream like

having a warm bed to sleep in at night. Something should be done for those who

are suffering a lot.

3. Tell students that they are going to read a passage about a helpful woman who

has devoted lots of her energy and time to making the life of poor people better.

Ask students what they can find by reading the title, and ask them to predict

what may be covered in the passage that they are going to read. Say:

Today, we are going to read a passage entitled “The UN-bringing everyone closer

together”. What do you think of when you see the title? What do you think will

be mentioned in the passage?

Step 2 Reading-comprehension

1. Ask students to go through the passage as quickly as possible and try to find the

answers to the three questions in Part A. Remind students only to focus on and

answer these questions.

2. Ask students to read the passage again and complete Parts C1 and C2 individually.

After students finish the exercises, check the answers with the class.

3. design a table to check the students’ reading comprehension about the UN.

The United Nations

When it was set up After the Second World War in October 1945

Countries in the UN Originally 51 countries

Recently 191 countries

Problems it deals with Helps end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts, assists the victims of wars and disasters; protect human rights; improves international laws; helps with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease

Its four main purposes To keep international peace

To develop friendly relationships among nations

To cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights

To be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations

Goals it promises to achieve by Eight goals, one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is available to everyone and another is that all children complete primary education

4. Talk to students about Tang Ning. Ask students what they know about this

UN Goodwill Ambassador and businesswoman from the passage. You may ask

the following questions:

What occupation does she take up in the UN?

How much money does she earn by doing this Job?

What Project or projects has she been involved in?

How does she help those people that need help?

How does she feel about taking this occupation?

What do you think of Tang Ning?

Step 3 Language points

1. refer to

What I have to say refers to all of you.

When I said that some people were stupid I was not referring to you.

Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.

It is a collection of documents with reference to the First World War.

2. be made up of

A team made up of three doctors and ten nurses was sent to the disaster area.

The oldest kind of computer was a huge machine made up of thousands of parts,

covering nearly 100 square meters.

3. operate

All the Disney parks are operated by the same company.

This machine operates day and night.

The doctors decide to operate on her immediately.

Operation n.

I can use a word processor but I don’t understand its operation.

He is the officer in charge of operation.

4. honored

He was honored with a title of “ Model Worker”.

They removed their hats to honor the flag.

It’s a great honor to be invited.

May I have the honor of this dance?

While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded in honor of the nurse

Florence Nightingale.

5. touch

Visitors are not allowed to touch the exhibits.

I was really touched beyond words.

We’ll keep in touch with each other wherever we go.

I hope we don’t lose touch again.

6. apart from

The house stands apart from the village.

I can’t get these two things apart.

He tore the cooked chicken apart and began to eat it.

7. lack

They are so rich that they lack for nothing.

He was acquitted for lack of evidence.

There was a severe shortage of petroleum during the war.

8. ensure

The book ensured his success.

Please ensure that all the lights are turned off at night.

These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.

Customs are asked to ensure that they have been given the right change before

leaving the shop.

9. rather than

I’d prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.

It ought to be me rather than you that sign the letter.

I decided to write rather than (to ) telephone.

I would stay at home rather than go shopping.

He would rather beg in the streets than get money in such a dishonest way.

10. on behalf of

On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you.

Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.

The legal guardian must act on behalf of the child.

On behalf of all the staff, I would like to wish you a happy retirement.

Step4 Practice & Reading strategy

1. Ask students to complete Part D and Part E individually. Part D aims to check

whether students can understand the meanings of words from the context of the

passage and to show them how to explain the meanings in English. Part E aims to

make students more familiar with the reading passage and some useful words in it.

2. Ask students if they have ever read a speech before and encourage them to find out

what unique language is used in a speech. Remind then that when reading a speech,

it is important to pay attention to the speaker’s attitude. The positive and negative

adjectives can help then identify the positive negative opinion or attitude of the

speaker.

3. Ask students to read the Reading Strategy and find more sentences that express the

speaker’s attitude in the reading passage.

Step5 Homework

1. Review the text carefully after class.

2. Finish off Part A1, A2 in Workbook.

3. Finish off the exercise paper for this part.

Exercises for students:

一、非谓语动词复习练习

1. ______ nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants (变异) of genes

in human bodies.

A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Being suffered D. Having suffered

2. ______ to be practical, the new teaching method is being accepted by more and more

educational workers.

A. Having proved B. Proving C. Proved D. Having been proved

3. The car burns much fuel, but ______ all things into consideration, it is still a good car.

A. taken B. having taken C. taking D. to take

4. -The price is fine with me. How would you like it ______? -In cash, please.

A. to pay B. pay C. paid D. being paid

5. When he came back, he found the bag he had ______ over the seat was gone.

A. left to hand B. left hanging C. left hung D. to leave hanging

6. -Why do you look so disappointed, John?

-The outdoor concert ______ for tomorrow will be put off.

A. to plan B. to be planned C. planning D. planned

7. The news reporter hurried to the airport, only ______ the film star had left.

A. to tell B. telling C. to be told D. told

8. ______ a job as a professor in a well-known university, a doctor's degree is needed.

A. Having go B. If you want C. So as to get D. In order to get

9. These examples, once ___ to his article, will make it sound more reasonable and

acceptable. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

10. -Where can I get this gift ______? -Over at Window No. 6 and wait ______.

A. to be wrapped; to be called B. wrapping; to call

C. wrapped; to call D. wrapped; to be called

11. “I hope the operation,” said the father, “______ now will give my son a new life. ”

A. being performed B. to be performed C. performing D. performed

12. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, in all 20,000 people.

A. seating B. seated C. sitting D. to seat

13. -How do you deal with the agreement between the company and the customers?

-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.

A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made

14. More natural resources should be made use of ______ the ______ need of energy.

A. meeting; increasing B. to meet; increased

C. meeting; increased D. to meet; increasing

15. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was

going in the right direction.

A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see

16. Though ______ money，his parents managed to send him to university．

A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in

17. The local health organization is reported ___ twenty-five years ago.

A. to be set up B. to set up C. to have been set up D. to have set up

18. I appreciated ______the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

A. having been given B. having been C. to have been given D. to have given

19. There is no point ___further.

A. argue B. to argue C. arguing D. being arguing

20. All flights___ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.

A. were canceled B. had been canceled

C. having canceled D. having been canceled

21. He always does nothing but___.

A. complaining B. complains C. complain D. to complain

22. John painted her sitting in a chair with her hands ___.

A. folding B. to have folded C. to fold D. folded

Recording after teaching:

模块六 Unit 4 (Helping people around the world)

Period 2 Word power

Teaching aims：

1. To enable the students to talk about the connected organizations of the UN.

2. To enable the students to talk about acronyms.

Teaching difficulties：

1. To help students to understand the language points from page 54~55.

2. To teach students to remember the names of the well-known organizations.

Teaching procedures:

Step1 Lead –in

T: During last periods, we have learnt some basic ideas of the UN and the UN

Goodwill ambassador. And this period we will learn more about the UN.

Before starting our class, I’d like to ask you a question: When you’re ill and

go to the hospital, what is the first thing you will do?

S: To register and know which clinic room is the right one.

T: Yes, that’s it! First you have to know what the problem is, and then find the

correct ways to cure. You can not go straight forward to the hospital and find

a doctor at random and ask for treatment.

T: And that’s the same to the international aid. Today, we’ll learn the connected

organizations of the UN and try to get a further understanding of the proper

organizations to help people around the world. Now, according to what we

have learned before, and the news you’ve heard of from newspaper and the

Internet, talk with your partner: What problems harass the world?

After several minutes.

T: What problems have you found?

S: Famine, wars, flood, natural disasters, poverty and also disease.

Write these down on the blackboard.

T: Correct! And do you know the right organizations in the UN that can help

solve these problems?

S: Not exactly.

T: Well, read Part A in Word power and discuss with your partner to find the right

organizations that can solve the problems you have mentioned above.

Step2 Learning through reading

Show the chart the students have done in the previous period and ask them to add

the new information they’ve learned about.

Problem Cause Organization

peacekeeping war, fighting

Famine Shortage of food

Flooding Typhoon

Irrigation Difficult to farm

disease Lack of doctors, no money, far away from a hospital

No running water or electricity and few schools poverty

Then ask the students to remember the organizations in the chart.

Step3 Practice

T: Well, that’s it. Now tell me whether these organizations are governmental or not?

S: They’re non-governmental.

T: And how many types can these organizations be classified into?

S: Special agencies, World Bank Group and Programs and funds.

T: Correct! You have learned the types of the UN organizations and what these

organizations aim at. Now finish Parts B& C.

Step4 Acronyms

T: Do you think the full names of the organizations are too long so that it’s very

inconvenient to talk about them. Here is a good means to shorten the names.

That is, keep the first letter of each word consisting of the full name. We call the

shortened names acronyms. Here are two examples. Let’s look at Part D.

After talking about this part, say:

T: Now, it’s your turn to work out the following acronyms using the information on

page 54.

Step5 Homework

1. Review the language points in this part.

2. Finish off the exercise paper for this part.

Exercises for students:

一、默写

Chinese Acronyms Full names

非官方组织 NGO

国际劳工组织 ILO

粮农组织 FAO

联合国教科文组织 UNESCO

世界卫生组织 WHO

国际民航组织 ICAO

万国邮政联盟 UPU

世界银行集团

国际货币基金组织 IMF

联合国儿童基金会 UNCEF

联合国环境规划署 UNEP

联合国药品管制计划署 UNDCP

联合国开发计划署 UNDP

联合国妇女发展基金 UNFEM

二、非谓语动词复习训练

1. Seeing so many hands _____, the teacher didn’t know which one to choose to

answer his question. A. raising B. raised C. being raised D. raise

2. The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 BC, didn’t include women players until 1912.

A. was first played B. to be first played

C. first played D. being first played

3. The secretary worked into the night, _____ a long speech for the president.

A. prepared B. was preparing C. to prepare D. with preparing

4. I can hardly imagine Peter _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five years.

A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed

5. -Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

-Sorry, with so much work _____ my mind, I almost break down.

A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. having filled

6. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____ the

world record in the 110-meter hurdle race last year.

A. to break B. to have broken C. breaking D. having broken

Recording after teaching:

模块6 Unit 4 (Helping people around the world)

班级___________ 姓名__________ 学号__________成绩___________

Period 3 Grammar and usage

一、随堂练习

1．如果我在大学期间不是学习商业的话，我现在不会是经理。

If I ___________ business at university, I ____________ a manager now.

2．如果我当初走可选择的另一条路而学习医学的话，我现在将有很多专业知识了。

If I ________ an alternative path and _________ medicine, I ___________ a lot of technical knowledge now.

3．如果我对医学很了解，我就能够帮助我生病的母亲。

If I _________ a lot about medicine, I ___________ able to help my sick mother.

4．如果我能够帮助我生病的母亲，我就不会如此沮丧了。

If I _________ my sick mother, I ____________ so frustrated.

二、虚拟语气专项训练

1. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.

A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent

C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented

2. If I had worn my coat, I _____ a cold now.

A. wouldn’t catch B. wouldn’t have caught C. won’t catch D. won’t have caught

3. -If he _____, he _____ that food. -Luckily he was rushed to hospital immediately.

A. was warned, wouldn’t take B. had been warned, wouldn’t have taken

C. should be warned, wouldn’t take D. could have been warned, wouldn’t have taken

4. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.

A. might have given B. might give C. should give D. may give

5. What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank?

A. if Bob walked B. had Bob walked C. were Bob to walk D. should Bob walk

6. If it ____ rain this evening, I wouldn’t go to see this American film.

A. would B. should C. might D. was to

7. -My cat’s really fat. -You _____ have given her so much food.

A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t

8. _____ the heavy rain, we would enjoy playing football until 6 o’clock.

A. Without B. In spite of C. Regardless of D. Due to

9. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _____ have driven her there.

A. can B. must C. should D. would

10. I supported him in time, otherwise he _____ off the bike.

A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fall D. would have fallen

三、词汇练习（第50~57页生词）

1. The accident r______ to at the meeting cost fifteen lives.

2. Who is the Chinese a________ to the UN at present?

3. If not o_______ on at once, the boy will die within 24 hours.

4. As we all know, primary education t_______ every child’s future.

5. The UN peacekeeping operations aim to end any c_______ in the world.

6. I feel h______ to have the opportunity to take a photo with Liu Xiang.

7. He broke into the house with the p_______ of stealing money.

8. May 1st is L_______ Day.

9. My job is not paid but v_________.

10. We need to increase the people’s a________ of the importance of environmental protection.

11. His accomplishments are w______ of the world’s admiration.

12. His attention was d_______ by the beautiful scenery out of the window.

13. Time is u______! We should hurry up!

14. A______ from flowers and applauses, he expected the world’s admiration.

15. The project runs very well under the u_______ of the government.

16. He is so young that he l_____ experience.

17. The church mouse has to struggle in p______.

18. I’m here to see you on b______ of all the staff.

19. He spent his childhood in r______ mountains, far away from city life.

20. The UN aims to ensure that human rights are a______ to every human in the world.

模块六 Unit 4 (Helping people around the world)

Period 4 Task

Teaching aims：

1. Through a series of activities, help to practise students’ skills of listening,

speaking, reading and writing.

2. In Step 1, by listening, enable students to find out about problems and causes.

3. In Step 2, by introducing different sentence structures while discussing in

groups, help students to make suggestions for the children in northern Thailand.

4. In Step3, this part is mainly about writing a proposal based on the information

on what they can do for those poor children.

Teaching difficulties：

1. To understand the problems and causes by listening

2. To make suggestions and write a proposal based on them

3. To master the language points in this part

Teaching procedures:

Skills building 1: listening for problems and causes

Step 1 Lead-in

1. Ask students to read the guideline on page 58 and then answer your question:

How should we listen for problems and the causes of the problems?

2. Tell the students that we always pay more attention to some specific information.

And then ask students to find out what should be seized while listening to a news

report. Then summarize what has been talked about.

3. Tell students to focus on the problems and causes of them.

1. Problems:

As you can see…/The result is…/As a result, …/ As I said earlier…/ … and so…

This means…/ A common problem is that…

2. Causes:

This is because…/ Unfortunately…/ …because…/ …because of …/ … as …

Step 2 Listening

1. Listen to part A, and tell the students to find out as much information as

possible to fill in the problems and the causes, but not all the information is

included in the recording.

2. Listen to the second part of the report and find out as much information as

possible in the table on page 59.

Step 3 Reading

1. Have students read Part C. Ask them to read for other information needed to

finish the two tables.

2. Talk about some language points in Part C.

Skills building 2: discussion in groups

Step 1 Lead-in

By introducing different sentence structures while discussing in groups, help

students to make suggestions for the poor children in northern Thailand.

1. Making suggestions

I think it would be a good idea to…

I would like to suggest that…

It would be a good idea if we could…

2. Asking for opinions

What do you think?

Does anyone else have any suggestions?

Can you suggest anything else?

3. Expressing agreement / disagreement

I agree / disagree because…

That’s a great idea, but…

I’m sorry but I don’t think that would work because …

Unfortunately, I don’t think that will work.

4. Making conclusions

So to summarize, our group has decided to…

In conclusion, we have decided to…

Step 2 Practice

1. Have students read the instructions and make sure they know what they are

going to do. Divide students into small groups and discuss what other ways

they think of to help these children. Ask them to use the sentence structures

in this part to give suggestions , and express agreement / disagreement.

2. While discussing, one group member should take notes, and another member

should be chosen to report what has been written to help those poor children.

Skills building 3: writing a proposal

Step1 Lead-in

Help students to read the six points in this part. They will learn what components

will be included in a proposal. Make sure what students should do when writing

a proposal.

Step2 Practice

Students will be asked to write a proposal to UNICEF about how to help the hill

tribe children in Thailand with the information they have learnt in steps 1 and 2.

1. Help students form different groups to discuss the answers based on the previous

information.

2. Have students write the proposal and ask each group to present theirs to let others

share their opinions.

Step 3 Homework

Finish the exercises related to the task in the exercise book.

Exercises for students:

一、随堂练习

Listen to Part A and choose the correct phrase for each blank.

(1) A. no running water B. no fresh water C. no underground water

(3) A. no tool B. no mechanical equipment C. no fund

(4) A. little food B. few entertainments C. few clothes or furniture

(5) A. no electricity B. no firewood C. no repairman

(6) A. few forests B. no bus C. no boiled water

Listen to Part B and choose the correct phrase for each blank.

(1) A. lack of money B. lack of builders C. lack of materials

(2) A. Boys don’t go to school. B. Girls don’t go to school.

C. many children don’t go to school.

(4) A. All farming is done by hand. B. All housework is done by hand.

C. All cooking is done by hand.

(5) A. lack of land B. lack of water C. lack of land and water

(6) A. Adults have poor strength. B. Children have poor diets.

C. Old people have poor health.

(7) A. Children don’t grow properly. B. Children die of hunger.

C. Children die of AIDS.

(9) A. Grandparents die of sadness. B. No one takes care of children.

C. Grandparents have to bring up children.

(10) A. Grandparents are old and poor. B. Children become bad.

C. Parents’ love is irreplaceable.

Read Part C and complete the table in Part A and B.

Part A (2) __________________

Part B (3) __________________ (8) _________________

Recording after teaching:

Period5 Grammar and Usage

Teaching Objectives:

1.Use unreal conditionals of the present, past or future time.

2. Improve students’ ability of using unreal conditionals

Teaching Procedures:

Step1 Lead-in

Look at the two sentences

1.If it were Sunday, I would go hiking.2. If I were a bird, I could fly.

Think about the questions

1,If it were Sunday, what would you do?2.Is it real that it is Sunday today?

3.Is it possible for you to be a bird?

Step2 Presentation

虚拟语气

1）概念

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反

2）在条件句中的应用

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气.

e.g. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it .

如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果明天不下雨的话，我们就去公园。

一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。

条件从句从句主句

与现在事实相反动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were） would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式

2.should + 动词原形

3.were to + 动词原形 would/ should/ could/ might + 动词原形

1、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果

e.g.我是你的话，我会马上走。

If I were you , I would go at once.

e.g. 要是我哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。

If my brother were here, everything would be all right.

Translation:

1、如果他有时间，他就会（可能）和你去。

e.g. If he _______ time, he ________________________ with you.

2、要是我是你，我就会/可能对他说实话。

e.g. If I ________ you, I _________________________ him the truth.

注：主句中should只用于第一人称，从句中的should可用于任何人称。

2.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果

e.g. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer.

如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。

e.g. If I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.

如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。

Translation:

1、要是她早来五分钟，她就能赶上早班车了。

e.g. If she ____________ five minutes earlier, she ______________the early bus.

2、如果你昨天在这里，昨天他就能找到你了。

e.g. If you _________here, he____________________ you yesterday.

3、表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果

e.g. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.

明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。

If it should rain, the crops would be saved.

假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。

If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out .

如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。

4.虚拟条件句可以转换的形式

（1）省略连词if

在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should，可以把if省略，而把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

Were I you (If I were you ), I would not do it

我要是你，就不做这事

Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.

他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。

( 2 )用介词短语代替条件状语从句

Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things.

如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。

But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn’t have done it.

要不是你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。

Step3. Practice

Do the exercises on Page 40 and 41.

Step4. More practice

Ex1. Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.

1.You didn’t let me drive. If we ____________(drive) in turn, you ________________(not get) so tired.

2.__________it ________(not be) for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.

3.--Has Mr. Smith recovered now?

--Yes. Who____________(think) that such a serious illness could be cured?

4.____________it _____________(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.

5.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it _____________________(organized) better.

6.Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if ____________________(get) a job, she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

7. Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _________________(invent) before.

8.-------Well done, Jack！

-----Thanks. But given more time, I________________(do) it better.

Ex2. Choose the right answer.

1. Everything if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.

A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed

C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed

2. The business is risky. But , we would be rich.

A. should we succeed B. we should succeed

C. might we succeed D. would we succeed

3. What would have happened, ________, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

4. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

5. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Was he leaving B. if he leaves

C. Were he to leave D. if he is leaving

6. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers?

A. were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk

7. I don’t think he’ll attend the party, and ______ he attend it, what would he wear?

A. were B. had C. did D. should

8. -- My boss often made me work day and night.

-- If I _____ you, I ______ the job.

A. am, will give up B. had been, would have given up

C. were, would give up D. had been, would give up

9. -- You can ask your brother for help.

-- He isn’t at home. If he _____, I ______.

A. were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will

10. -- Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?

-- No, but if I ________ time, I _________ very glad to go there.

A. have, will be B. had had, would have been

C. had, would be D. had had, would be

11. --Sally finally got here from Chicago.

-- If she_______ earlier, we ______ her to the party then.

A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken

C. comes, will take D. had come, would take

12. If you _______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?

A. saw B. were to see C. had seen D. see

Keys: 1. had driven, wouldn’t have got 2. had, not been 3. would have thought

4. Were, to rain / Should, rain 5. could / might have been organized 6. were to get/should get/got 7.had been invented 8.could/would/might have done

Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.B 12. D

The search for happiness

江苏东海高级中学杨金锋

Teaching Aims:

1. Learn and master the following words and expressions:

goal; times; devote; remain; adapt; apart; rush; cheer; spirit; focus…on; cost; due to; range;

2. Train the students’ reading ability.

3. Get the students to learn about the gymnast Sang Lang.

Teaching Important Points:

1. Learn to use the following useful phrases:

goal; times; devote; remain; adapt; apart; rush; cheer; spirit; focus…on; cost; due to; range;

2. Train the students’ reading ability.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to help the students understand the text exactly, especially the following sentences:

1. She must have been very sad.

2. While she was injured and in hospital, the world was amazed by the way she remained cheerful.

Teaching Methods:

1. Fast reading to get a general idea of the text.

2. Careful reading to get the detailed information.

3. Asking-and-answering to help the students understand the text exactly.

4. discussion

Teaching Aids:

1. the multimedia

2. a tape recorder

Teaching Procedures:

The search for happiness

Lead in:

T: We talked about happiness yesterday, do you think happiness is easy to get?

S: Yes.

T: Can you give some examples?

S: Spending time with family; learning new things, reading Doing excitings …

T: But different people have different opinions ,do you think so?

Happiness changes when age changes. I n children’s eyes, it is a toy or candy or a delicious meal . in elder’s eyes it is peaceful in young men’s eyes, it is money or honour what is the happiness to you ?

S: Reach our goal… make rapid progress…

T: what’s the happiness in the disabled eyes?

S: without pain or be alive

T :However everyone try to find happiness.

Presention : ( Learn reading strategy P19) Let’s read an interview how to find happiness>do you know what an interview is? ( Learn reading strategy P19)

S: An interview takes place when one person asks another person a series of questions on a topic

Where is the topic ? in the first para.

What should we pay attention to ? questions and answers

Fast-reading

Read the text quickly and answer the following questions:

1. What is the topic of the TV interview?

2. What is the name of the psychologist?

3. When and where was Sang Lan born?

4. What does Sang Lan hope to do in ?

Careful-reading

Listen to the tape of the text and then try to do True or False questions. If it is False, correct it.

(1) The topic of the TV interview was the story of Sang Lan.

(2) Dr. Brain studies happiness.

(3) Sang Lan became a gymnast when she was eleven years old.

(4) Sang Lan was injured in China in , while practicing for the Goodwill Games.

(5) Before her accident, Sang Lan’s best event was the vault.

(6) Sang Lan broke her legs and will never walk again.

(7) Leonardo DiCaprio visited Sang Lan in the hospital.

(8) Sang Lan believes doing no work keeps her happy.

Since the topic of this interview is happiness, let’s see how does Sang Lan find happiness and try to describe what kind of girl she is. Fill in the following form.

How to find happiness Before going to hospital (1) She had been a _____ junior gymnast for 11 years.

(2) She started winning _____ in 1991 and kept working hard.

(3) She was happy, _____, hard-working and successful in her sport.

(4) She was happy to _____ herself to gymnastics though she had to live apart from her parents.

(5) She was working towards something _____, and making her parents proud.

While staying in hospital (1) She is in good spirits, remaining _____.

(2) She is able to overcome her _____ and just be proud of the things she had accomplished.

(3) She feels happy to be _____ and lucky to have the rest of her life to learn new things.

(4) She finds happiness through reaching much smaller _____, and through the love of the people around her.

After leaving hospital (1) She went back to China and studied _____ at Peking University.

(2) She is _____ a sports programme about the 2008 Olympics.

(3) She likes to think about _____ things and stay _____.

(4) She believes that keeping _____ help her to stay positive.

Consolidation :

1. We’ve learn more about sang lan. Can you describe her? What great personality of her? Using a spider and ask ss to write adjs to on the Bb.

Dedicated, energetic, hard working, successful, outgoing, positive, optimistic…

2. Suppose you were a reporter from CCTV5, you will interview Sanglan , what would you ask her according to the interview or others?

For example

Reporter: What’s the secret to happiness?

Sanglan : to think about good things…

Discussion:

what can you learn from Sanglan?

Draw a conclusion:

with happiness, life becomes colorful and wonderful

Without happiness, life is dry and meaningless, we should work hard

Homework:

Write a short passage about Sanglan.

课文阅读理解

The Search for Happiness

All about Sang Lan Detailed information

Her life and work She was born 1. _________ in 1981 and began learning 2. _________ at the age of 6;her best event was vault.

Her characters She is 3. _________, happy and hard working. She likes to think about positive thins and stay 4. _________.

Her accident and result Sang made a mistake while practicing a 5. _________ and fell and broke her neck. She would never 6. _________.

Her bravery and courage She was in good spirits; she didn’t cry about what she had lost and feeling hopeless, but thought about what she could do to get better. She was able to 7. _________ and just be proud of the things she had accomplished. She felt happy to be alive and lucky to have the rest of her life to8. _________.

Her new life She has studied 9. _________ at Peking University. She is also hosting a 10. _________ about the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

编写人：刘凤审核人：乔军日期：2.25

Ⅰ. Words

1．that is to say - that is 也就是，换句话说

namely

He will leave Japan next Saturday, that is, June 6th.

Only one girl can drive, Betty. 只有一个女孩会开车，那就是贝蒂。

2．analysis n. pl. v.

a chemical analysis 化学分析

We the problem. 我们仔细分析了那个问题。

in the last/final analysis 总之

, everything has two sides. 归根结底，事物都有两面。

3．value n. 价值 v. 给……估价，评价；重视

be of little/no/great/much value = be (not) valuable 没有/很有价值

What is the value of your house?

I valued the house at 50,000 yuan. 我估计这房子值五元元。（= evaluate）

我非常珍惜你的友情。（= treasure）

You'll find the map /very valuable in helping you to get round London.

The watch is good value for your money.

拓展：valuable adj. 有价值的 valueless adj. 没有价值的

priceless adj. 无价的 worthless adj. 不值的

4．in need of… 需要……

sth. be in great need/demand 某物急需

I'm in need of some fresh air.

Experienced workers . 急需熟练工人

A friend is a friend in deed.

in need 在危难中；贫困中；在危急中

in want of… 需要……

There's no need (for sb.) to do sth.

Is there much/a great demand for these goods?

fill/meet/satisfy sb.'s needs/demands/requirements 满足某人的需要

5．affair n. [C]（私人的，个别的）事情；事件；变故；（复数形式）事务，事态

I know how to take care of my own affairs.

The party was a happy affair. 那次聚会是件令人愉快的事。

deal with the affairs of state

in the present state of affairs 在现状下

Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部

[辨析] affair, thing, matter, event, business, accident, incident

accident“意外事故”；incident“小事件”或“政治事变”

event“重大事件；赛事”

thing是“事件”、“事物”的通称，无论大小好坏均可用它表示，但它一般不指专门事务。

matter“事情；问题”，常指需要考虑和处理的事情。

business则指公事、商业事务、职责或需要处理的事情，往往强调任务、职务等指派的工作。

填空：

1）He was badly hurt in a traffic .

2）A strange happened in the ceremony.

3）One of the chief of was that Chinese people defeated SARS.

4）What's the with the machine?

5）He was away on .

6）It's none of your .

6．acquire v. ①学得（知识、技术），养成（习惯、行为、嗜好）

She acquired a knowledge of French. 她学会了法语。

养成抽烟的习惯

acquire a bad reputation

②获得，得到（财产、权利等）

acquire land 获得土地

adj. acquired习得的，养成的，后天的 an acquired taste 养成的嗜好

n. acquisition n. [U]获得，取得；[C]获得物

adj. acquisitive 想获得的，想要的（of），贪婪的

7．gain ①vt. 获得，赢得（尤指想要的或所需的事物）

He gained wealth through foreign trade. 他从对外贸易中赚得财富。

②vi.（因……）得到的利益，获利

gain by/from (doing) sth.

you can gain by watching how she works.

③达到，到达（通常需经努力）

After swimming for an hour, he finally .（到达海边）

④（指钟表）快

My watch gains (by) several minutes a day.

8．downtown adj. 市中心的，闹市区的 adv. 在市中心；往闹市区

downtown Manhattan 曼哈顿商业区

go/move/live 前往/搬到/住在闹市区

9．sort n. 种类，类别

a sort of 一种 all sorts of 各种各样的

this/that kind/sort of + n. 这种的，那种的

n. + of this/that kind/sort 这种的，那种的

sort of 有几分，有点

, but I don't know why. 我有点儿喜欢他，但不知道为什么。

v. 将……分类，整理

sort… into… 把……分类成…… sort out 分类，整理

①He was sorting his foreign stamps piles.

他正在整理他的外国邮票，分成一摞一摞的。

②He the good apples the bad ones.

他把好苹果拣出来，同烂苹果分开。

10．sceptical adj. (skeptical) (of/about sth.) 对……不肯相信的，常怀疑的

I'm their professed sympathy for the poor.

他们声称同情穷人，我对此有些怀疑。

adv. sceptically n. scepticism 怀疑态度/主义 n. sceptic 持怀疑态度的人

11．frequent adj. adv. n. 频率，频繁；波段

Buses run from the city to the airport.

公共汽车频繁地从城市驶往机场。

12．tie n. 领带；绳；束缚；平手；纽带

the ties of friendship 友谊的纽带 family ties 家庭关系

The firm an American corporation. 这家商行与一家美国公司关系密切。

vt. tie sth. to sth. 将……系在……上

Don't tie the horse to the young tree.

13．moreover adv. 而且，此外

同义词：what's more, further more, in addition, besides

They know the painting was a forgery（膺品） , they know who had painted it.

14．drawback n. 缺点，不利条件；障碍

drawback of/to doing sth.

The great on a main road is the constant noise.

住在大道旁的最大缺点就是噪声不断。

15．address v. 针对，对付，探讨，处理；对……作演讲；称呼；写姓名、地址

The chairman will . 主席将向与会者作演讲。

The card us. 片卡误写了我们的地址。

The article addresses the problem of violent crimes in the city.

这篇文章探讨了本城市的暴力犯罪问题。

You should “Mr. President”. 你应该称他“总统先生”。

16．accurate adj. 精确的，准确的，正确无误的

to be accurate 正确地说/精确地说 be accurate in/at sth. ……准确地

He is accurate at figures. 他计算准确。

反义词 n.

The figures are not accurate. 这些数字不准确。

The watch is accurate.

辨析：accurate“准确无误的，精确的”，常指仪表精确，或数据等无出入；correct“正确的”，指按照一定的标准或规则，没有错误；exact“确切的”“正好的”“与事实丝毫不差的”。

She gave the police an exact description of the thief.

她向警察准确描述了小偷的特征。

填空：

（1）Can you tell me the time of their wedding?

（2） records must be kept.

（3）“Are you in charge here?” “That's .”

17．advantage n. 有利条件，有利因素，优势

反义词

to sb.'s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利

take (full) advantage of（充分）利用

have an advantage over… 比……有优势

be disadvantageous to sb. 对某人不利

She's got the job because knowing many languages.

因为她有比别人所没有的懂多种语言的长处，所以获得了这工作。

We to go on a hike.

我们利用晴朗的大气去远足。

18．addicted adj. 上瘾的，沉溺的；入迷的

be/get/become addicted to

addiction n. 上瘾 addict v. 使沉迷，使上瘾 n. 上瘾者

addictive adj.（药物等使人）上瘾的

（1）Tom is a football . 汤姆是个足球迷。

（2）Coffee is in a slight way. 咖啡稍微能使人上瘾。

（3）He drugs. 他对毒品上瘾了。

19．disconnected adj. ①脱离的，分离的，（电话）切断的；②（说话、文章等）无系统的，不连贯的

disconnect A from B ①断绝……的关系，使分离；②切断（电话，电源等）

If you don't pay your bills, they'll .

如果你不付电费，他们将停止供电。

disconnect a TV from the power supply 切断电视机的电源

20．handle n. 把手

fly off the handle 发怒，失去自制

v. 触摸，拿；对待（人，动物）；处理（问题）；经营，经销（商品）

Wash your hands before you handle the food. 洗完手再拿食物。

A clerk must know how to handle difficult customers.

店员一定要知道如何应付麻烦的顾客。

谁能将那问题处理得最好？

21．alarm v. ①（突然的危险）使……惊慌，使……不安；②向……发警报

We a sudden scream. 我们被突然的尖叫声吓了一跳。

n. 惊恐，不安；警报，警报装置；闹钟

jump up in alarm 惊慌跳起 a fire alarm 火警

give/raise/sound the alarm 发出警报

Set an alarm for six.

The alarm went off at five.

alarming adj. 惊人的，告急的 adv.

22．relevant adj. 相关的，有关的

反义词

be relevant to 与……有关

Want you say is not relevant to the matter in hand.

Many people consider that politics .

许多人认为政治与他的生活不相干。

Ⅱ．重点句子

1．When people are in need of information, from current affairs and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first place that many people turn to.

从时事新闻、天气预报，到包价旅游、学术研究，当人们需求信息时，因特网现在已是许多人的首选。

（1）短语in need of“需要”。He is in great need of help.

（2）turn to“求助于”。

If you have any questions, .（你可以求助于你的父母或老师）

2．With the touch of a button or the click of a mouse, a student can acquire knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world, whether he or she lives in a small village or downtown in a big city.

无论是住在小村庄，还是住在大都市的市中心，学生们只要敲击一下键盘或点击一下鼠标，就可以从世界上最大的图书馆或博物馆所储存的信息中获得知识。

（1）at/with the touch of 碰一下，一触即……

The machine stops and starts . 这机器一触即可停止或启动。

（2）whether conj. “不管……还是；无论……还是……”引导让步状语从句。

I shall go, whether you come or stay at home.

/whether it rains or not, we are playing football on Saturday.

选择：

（）We haven't settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.

A．if B．where C．whether D．that

3．One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity.

①该句是一个复合句，is后的that引出的是表语从句。表语从句还可以由各种连词引导，如：now，whether，that，which，why……

The question is how he can find enough work to support himself.

That is why Kate quarreled with Bill.

②rather than表示选择，“要……而不……”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接同等句子成分，两部分在成分和形式上应一致。

We'll have a meeting in the classroom rather than in the hall.

These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.

拓展：would rather do than do sth.

She would rather watch TV than do her homework.

Ⅲ．完成句子：

1．你可以要求对你的自来水进行化学分析。

You can ask for of your tap water.

2．专家预测经济将复苏。

The experts in the economy.

3．他养成了抽烟的习惯。

He .

4．他渐渐地不常登门了。

His visits became as time passed.

5．他具有受过良好教育的有利条件。

He a good education.

6．我们已经清楚出了差错。

It was now become that a mistake has been made.

7．他很快就习惯了这件新的生活方式。

He quickly his new way of life.

8．她对我的音乐毫无欣赏能力。

She shows of good music.

M6 Unit 2 单词导学

编写人：支明

一、Analysis and explanation

1. injure (vt.) ①使受伤，弄伤，损伤，损害 ②伤害（名誉、自尊等）

The boy injured his leg while playing basketball.

This could seriously injure the company’s reputation.

injured: (adj.) 受伤的，被伤害的，感情受伤的

eg. injured looks ______________ in an injured voice ______________

the dead and the ___________ 死者及伤者

injury: (n.) ①伤害，损害

eg. It’s a severe injury to his reputation. ____________________________

do sb. an injury 伤害某人

②伤，伤口

eg. The nurse is dressing his injuries. ____________________________

辨析：injure, wound, hurt

① injure 一般指由于意外或事故中受伤，指一时难愈之伤。

② wound 指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤、剑伤，尤指在战斗，战争中受伤

③ hurt “受伤”的一般用法，既可指肉体上的伤害，亦可指感情上的伤害，作vi. 时；意为“疼，疼痛”

2. struggle vi. & n. 努力，奋斗，挣扎，搏斗，抗争

①vi. for sth. 为（争取）……而奋斗，抗争

struggle against/ with sth. 与/和……做斗争/抗争

to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来

eg. The thief struggled in the policeman’s arms.

选介词填空：

struggle ____________ difficulties 与困难搏斗

struggle ____________ power 争夺权力

②n. the struggle for freedom/existence 为自由奋斗，生存竞争

not surrender without a ________________未经奋战不投降

With a____________, he controlled his feelings.

We should keep confident __________________ life. (在与……的抗争中)

3. disability n. 残疾，无能，无力

disable vt. 使无能，使残疾

disabled adj. 残疾的

able (adj.) 有能力的→enable(vt.)使能够→ability(n.)能力

4. in hospital 住院

eg. He is in hospital.

in hospital 住院 in church__________ in office ____________

比较

in the hospital _________ in the church________ in the office__________

5. apart adj.& adv. ①分开的，分离的

eg. The 2 houses are 500 metres ____________. 这两栋房子相距500m.

②和tell或know连用，意为“区别，分别”

eg. I can’t tell these two things apart. _______________________________

③apart from (1)远离，和……不在一起；(2)除……之外（尚有）；⑶除……之外（无）同except，同besides, as well as, in addition to

写出横线处汉语意思：

①Apart from the cost, the Color of the hat doesn’t suit me. ( )

②I have finished apart from the last question. ( )

③Lucy has been accepted by Oxford University, so she had to live apart from her parents.

( )

6. simply adv. 仅仅，只不过；简单地；确定

指出下列句中simply的含义：

①The book explains grammar simply & clearly. ( )

②Simply add hot water & stir(搅动). ( )

③That is simply not true. ( )

simple adj. ①简单的，简易的 ②简朴的，单纯的

simplify vt. 简化 simplified Chinese characters ______________

7. dedicated adj. 投入的，专注的，献身的

搭配：be dedicated to sth./doing sth.

eg. She is dedicated to ___________(write) her novel.

dedicate (vt.) oneself / sth. to sth./doing sth. 献身某人自己/某物在，某事上/做某事上

8. devote vt. 投入，献身

devote (oneself/time/money/energy) to (sb./sth./doing sth.)投身于……，献身于……

eg. He devoted herself to his career.

Every year the millionaire devotes much money to__________ (protect) the environment.

9. rush ①vt. 紧急送往；使冲向；仓促行事

rush sb. to s.p. 紧急送某人到某地 rush s.p. 冲向某地

rush (sb.) into doing sth. 使（某人）仓促做某事

More soldiers were rushed to the front. ____________________________________

Fans rushed the stage after the concert. ____________________________________

②n. a rush on/ for sth. 急需……

There is a rush for medicine in the flooded area.

in a rush 急忙，匆忙 rush hour （上下班的）交通高峰期

eg. I can’t stop. I’m in a rush.

10. severe adj. 严重的，严厉的，严格的

be severe with sb. 对某人要求严格

be severe on/ upon sb./ sth. 对……很严厉的

severe loss/ looks 严重的损失/严肃的神色

11. cheer ①vt.& vi. （使）高兴，使振奋

eg. The good news cheered everybody.

cheer(sb./sth.)up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来

eg. I cheered up at the news.

②n. [c] 欢呼，喝彩； [u]愉快，高兴，振奋

You can hear the _______ of the crowd miles away from the football ground.(cheer, cheers)

He is full of __________ in summer.(cheer, cheers)

cheers n. （用于祝酒）干杯，告辞，再见

cheerful adj. 快乐的，高兴的

12. spirits 通常用复数形式，意思是“精神状态，情绪，心境”

in good spirits 情绪好，精神状态饱满 in high spirits 情绪高昂

in low/ poor spirits 情绪低落 raise sb’s spirits 鼓舞某人的情绪

比较：spirit n. 精神；勇气，意志，心态

13. accomplish vt. 完成，实现

eg. 计划的第一部分已顺利完成。

The first part of the plan _________ ________ safely ________.

accomplishment n. 完成，成就，成绩，才艺

14. adapt vt.& vi. ①使适应，使适合

adapt oneself to (sth./doing sth.) 使某人自己适应于某事

adapt to sth. 适应某事

eg. 他花了一个月才适应新环境。

It ________ him a month to _________ himself ________ his new surroundings.

我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗。

Our eyes slowly __________ __________ the dark.

②改写，改编 adapt sth. for sth. 改编……成为……

eg. This novel has been adapted for television. 这部小说已经被改编成电视节目。

adaptable adj. 能适应的，适应性强的；可改编的

adaptation n. 适应，适应性；改编本

15. optimistic adj. 乐观的，有信心的

be optimistic about sth. 对……乐观的

eg. 她对考试结果不乐观。_____________________________________________

optimism n. 乐观主义 optimist n. 乐观的人，乐观主义者

optimistically adv. 乐观地

16. inspire vt. ①鼓舞，激励

inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事

inspire sb. with sth.

用某事鼓舞某人

inspire sth. in sb.

eg. The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm. 演员们以热情鼓舞着孩子们。

同义句改写：__________________________________________________________

②赋予某人灵感（尤指写作、绘画、作曲等）；启示，启迪

inspire sb. (to sth.)

eg. His paintings were clearly inspired by Monet’s work.

他的绘画显然是受到了莫奈作品的启示。

inspired adj. 受灵感启示的；得自灵感的；有创作力的

inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；使人感兴趣的；吸引人的

inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人/物（inspiration to/ for sb.）

eg. （谚）Genius is 10% inspiration & 90% perspiration.

_________________________________________________

17. courage n. 勇气，胆量

encourage ______________ 鼓励某人做某事

discourage _________________ 阻止某人做某事

courageous adj. 勇敢的，无畏的

18. sympathy n. 同情；赞同，支持

feel/ have/ express (no/ little/ some) sympathy for/ towards sb. 对某人表示(不/一点儿/一些)同情

in sympathy with sb./ sth. 对某人/ 事表示支持/赞同，相应发生，因……而出现

in/ with sympathy 同情地

out of sympathy with sb. / sth. 不赞成，不支持某人/事

eg. I feel no sympathy for Jane, it’s all her own fault.

________________________________________________

我确信她一定赞成你的建议。

I’m sure she will be ____________________ your proposal.

sympathetic adj. 表示同情的，出于同情的

19. arrange vi. & vt. 安排，整理，布置，排列，筹划

sth.

sth. for sb./ sth. 为某人/事安排某事

arrange for sth. 为某事做安排

for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事

with sb. to do /for sth. 与某人商促做某事/为某事与某人商促

that 主+(should )do 安排，商定

arrangement n.

20. allocate vt. 分配

sb. sth. 分配某物给某人/某单位

allocate sth. to sb./ sth.

sth. for sth. 分配某物作为……

eg. allocate funds for repair work 拨出经费作维修用

He allocated each of us our tasks. (同义句改写)

________________________________________________________________-

sb.

21. be tired of sth. 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣=be bored with

doing

tire sb. out 使某人精疲力竭 be tired out (某人) 精疲力竭

tired adj. 困倦的；疲倦的 tiring adj. 令人困倦的（修饰物）

tiresome adj. 讨厌的，烦人的；令人厌倦的（可修饰人或物）

22. believe in sb./ God 相信某人，信任，信仰上帝

believe sb. 相信某人所说的话 believe it or not 信不信由你

23. communicate vi. & vt. 交流，沟通，传达、传播、传递

communicate sth. to sb./ sth. 使某事被某人知晓，传达事物给某人

communicate with sb. 和某人交流情况/ 交换消息

communicate a disease __________________

eg. 他急于把他的想法传达给他的小组。

He was eager to ______________ his idea _____________ his group.

They communicated in sign language. ________________________

这部小说写的是关于家庭成员彼此无法沟通的一个家庭。

The novel is about a family who can’t _________ __________each other.

communication n. be in communication with sb. 和某人交流

24. quit vt. & vi. 停止，放弃（pt. pp: quitted/ quit）

quit sth./ doing sth. be quit of sb. / sth. 摆脱某人/某事，脱离某人/事

eg. If I don’t get a pay rise, I’ll quit. _______________________________

我很想摆脱这个责任。 _______________________________

25. ahead of ①(时间、空间)在……的前面；②领先于……；③提前于……

④更早，更先进于

写出划线部分的汉语意思：

eg. ①His ideas were ahead of his time. ( )

②He went home ahead of time because of bad cold. ( )

③London is about 5 hours ahead of Now York. ( )

④Ahead of us is a supermarket. ( )

⑤Lucy was always well ahead of the rest of the class. ( )

26. at that point 在那时，在那个阶段

eg. At that point, they were discussing an important task.

27. golden adj. 金色的；金的，黄金般的，极好的

a golden ring ______________ a golden opportunity ________________

golden days/age____________ golden wedding ________________

28. assist vt. 帮助，协助、援助

sb. in/ with sth. 比较： sb. in/with sth. sb.with sth.

assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb. in doing help sb.(to) do

sb. to do sb. to do

assistance n. 帮助，帮忙，援助 assistant n. 助手，助理

29. instant adj. ①即时的，方便的 ②立即的，立刻的（作定语）

③调制快速方便的，速成的

instant coffee ______________ an instant success _________________

n. 当时，立刻，瞬间

I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her. 我一眼就认出是她。

in an instant 马上

instantly ①adv. 立刻，马上，瞬即=at once/ immediately

②conj. 一……就……=as soon as

30. guarantee vt. 保证，担保 n. （交易的）保证，保证书，保修单

sth.

sb. sth. 担保某人某事

sth. to sb.

guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事

sb./sth. (to be)… 保证……是……

(sb./ sth.) against/ from… 保证……不……

that 从句

under guarantee 在保修期内

完成下列句子：

①The company ___________________________ for a year. 公司对这个钟保修1年。

②I_________________________________ all my debts. 我保证偿还他所有的债务。

③Tom ________________________ here tomorrow. 汤姆保证明天在这儿。

④I _____________________________ loss. 我保证你不受损失。

⑤I_________________that ____________________.我保证他会去的。

⑥Having much money doesn’t ________________________.拥有很有钱并不能保证你快乐。

guarantor 担保人，保证人

guaranty n. （法律上）保证，保证书

二、单项选择：

1. At least 203 miners were killed, 22________& 13__________ in a coal mine gas explosion Monday afternoon in Fuxin.

A. injuring; trapping B. injured; trapped

C. injured; trapping D. injuring; trapped

2. _________ the secret of nature, the young scientist has little time for entertainment.

A. Dedicated himself to bringing out B. Dedicated himself to bring out

C. Dedicated to bringing out D. Dedicating to bringing out

3. ________ a few faults, she was a trust-worthy teacher.

A. Apart B. Apart from C. Beside D. Besides

4. I can’t stop. I’m ________rush.

A. on B. on a C. in D. in a

5. I think you are too severe _________ the boy.

A. to B. on C. of D. toward

6. Give Mary a call; she needs _________ because she failed in the test.

A. to cheer up B. have cheered up C. cheer up D. cheered up

7. I wonder why Tom has been in low _________ recently; he is always a man of ________.

A. spirits; spirits B. spirit; spirit C. spirits; spirit D. spirit; spirits

8. Most of the time has gone by, but we only _________ one-third of our task.

A. accomplished B. are accomplishing

C. have accomplished D. accomplish

9. He failed to __________ himself to the new environment.

A. adopt B. adapt C. attach D. arrange

10. __________ by the hero’s deeds, the students study harder than before.

A. Inspire B. Inspired C. Inspiring D. To inspire

11. The disabled person was begging by the roadside & everyone who went there expressed sympathy __________ him.

A. for B. to C. at D. on

12. In the old days of China, children’s marriage were __________ by their parents.

A. arranged B. tied C. fixed D. made

13. We all felt __________ of the _________child.

A. tired; tiresome B. tired; tiring C. tireless, tired D. tiresome; tiring

14. ________ in sign language, they both can understand very well.

A. Communicate B. Communicated

C. To communicate D. Communicating

15. The police will _________ her address.

A. assist you into finding B. assist you at finding

C. assist you in finding D. assist you to finding

主备人：周萍审核人：曹刚

1、historic adj 有历史意义的，历史上著名的

historical 历史上的，(有关)历史的

__ historical ___ evidence a__ historical ____ play

a _ historic____ meeting a___ historic____ strike

The whole world saw the_ historic___ moment，when Nelson Mandela was released from prison.

2、choke off阻塞，使窒息，粗鲁地或突然阻止某人

choke sth down choke sth back choke (up)with

The heavy snow _choked off___ traffic

when I was telling them about the accident

he__choked ___ me__ off ______.

The garden is _choked with________ weeks. 花园里杂草，丛生

please__choke back________your tears / anger 请忍住你的眼泪

3、beneath prep & adv.在……之下，在底下，低于 / 地位低于

山谷就在底下 _the valley lies beneath.____ __

plastic is used _beneath__ the rocks to prevent weeds growing through

轮船沉没于波涛下面_the ship sank beneath the waves.___

she would not speak to people she considered beneath her._地位低于她的人

4、link ①link up vt 把……连接 / vi 汇合，集合

②link sth with sth

两条公路在这里衔接起来__the two hiahways link up here._________

where shall we link up?__我们在哪集合？_____

_link______ theory__with____ practice.把理论和实践结合起来。

_Link up____ the islands.把岛屿连起来。

5、accelerate vt.加速，促进 n. acceleration 加速，促进

accelerator 加速器 v. decelerate 减速

This is a car with good__ acceleration _____.

This will _ accelerate _________ the rate of growth.

Exposure to the sun can__ accelerate _____(加快)aging process.

6、permit n. 许可证，通行证。

v 许可、允许 permit sb to do / doing (allow , forbid)

n. permission 准许，许可

you can’t enter a military base without a permit._没有许可证，不可以进入军事基地

whthout my_ permission _______ you can’t go out.

要是天气许可，我明天一定来.__i’m sure to come if weather permits___.

We don’t permit you _to smoke__________(smoke)here.

7、dozen n.一打，十二个 a dozen / dozens of in dozens / by the dozen.按打

①my mother bought a _ dozen _______ eggs.

②pack them in dozens__按打装袋吧______________.

③Eggs are sold___ by the dozen _____________.

④she’s got ___ dozens of _______ boy friends.

8、arise vi发生，产生，形成，起立，起身/床，呈现

arise from 由……引起，由……产生

①机会来了。_an opportunity gas arisen.

②出现了新困难_a new difficulty has arisen.

③事故往往起因于粗心_accidents often arise from carelessness.

④As students we must arise at dawn.作为学生，我们必须天亮起床。

9、postpone vt 推迟，延迟 put off / delay.

①our visit _to the museum_____ is ___postponed

②晚会推迟到8点举行_the party was postponed until 8 o’clock.

③Let’s post phone making a decision until we have more information.

__我们在获取更多的情报之后，再做决定。____

10、impatient.adj 不耐烦的，急躁，迫切的be impatient with sb / of sth 对……不耐烦

be impatient to do / for sth 迫切的 / 渴望的

①我们渴望他们到来。__we are impatient for his arrival.__

②Be patient_with_____your child!

③All the students are impatient __to______ _know_______the results.

④He was impatient__of______________any interruption.(打扰).

11、fine n.罚金 adj 美好的，晴朗的，健康的，v. 罚款

①他被罚款200美元. __he was fines 200dollars__________

②Have you handed in your fine?

③It Poured all morning, but turned fine late.

12、consume v.消耗，消费，饮食，毁灭 consumer n.消费者

be consumed with sth 被……所吞噬 comsumption n.消费，消耗

①The fire quickly _ consumed_____ the wooden house.

②The _ comsumers ______complained about the poor quality of the electronic products.

③The petrol_ comsumption __________ of the car is very high.

④Each year Americans_ comsume_____ a high percen tage of the world’s energy.

13、dismiss v. 解散，开除，从心中消除，放弃，不理

1、如果你再迟到，你将被解雇。_if you are late again, you’ll be dismissed.___

2、He was dismissed from school. _他被学校开除了。_______

3、The teacher dismissed theclass.下课了

4、she was dismissed as a dreamer.__她作为一个空想家，而不被理睬。.

14、departure n.离开，启程，出发 v. depart 离开，走开

adj departed 死去的 the daparted 死去的人.

departure from / depart from 背离，违反a point of departure 起点，a new departure 新起点，新方案

①我们上午10点，动身去伦敦. _we departed __for London at 10 a.m._

②His__ departure __ (离开)was quite unexpected.

③working on a farm is a new__ departure ____ for him.(起点)

15、function n.功能，作用，职责 vi起作用，运转

adj functional 功能的，机能的

function as 用作…起…作用 serve as / be used as 用作

The __ function _______ of the heart is to pump blood though the body.

It is not the function of this committee to dealwith dismissals. _______

The sofa can also _ function as _______a bed.

His brain seems to be _ functioning _____nor mally.

16、effectively adv. 有效的，有力的，事实上，实际的adj effective 有效的 n. effect v.affect put…in effect 使……开始使用. have an effect on

in effect 实际上，事实上 = effectively. come into effect 生效，实施

-Did the medicine have any_effect____ on you?

-Yes, it is _effctive___to my cold.

17、board. n. 布告牌，公告牌，理事会，董事会v. 登上(汽车，飞机，火车)on the board 布告牌上/ on board 在船上在飞机上.

①I wrote the exam results up on the board.

②There is only one woman on the board of directors. ___董事会

③passengers are asked to _ board _____ half an hour before departure time.

④I__ board ___with the Blacks during the week.

周一到周五我寄宿在Black家.

18、重点短语

1、arise from 2、under repair

3、a couple of 4、link up

5、choke off 6、in henour of

7、in use 8、at a discount

9、go through 10、be aware of

11、watch out for 12、apply to

13、in need of 14、in good condition

15、in the hope that 16、drop off

17、wash away 18、take notice of

19、make use of 20、make up for

21、speed up 22、in addition to

Translation

1、这些货物将减价出售（at a discount）

__these goods will be sold at a discount.____________

2、下雨不但会冲走土壤，而且也会引起严重的水灾。(wash away)

_heavy rain will not wash away the soil but will caouse serious flood.___

3、别理会他的话！(take notice of)

_don’t take notive of what he says._______

4、你给我一些建议怎样才能弥补损失吗？(make up for)

__can you give ne some advice on how to make up for the loss.____

5、销售量在第四个季度减少了。(drop off )

_sales dropped off in the fourth quarter.______ _____

6、她除节食之外，还每天做运动以减肥。(In addition to )

___in addition to a diet, she doed exercise to lose weight every day.____

7、他又问了她一次，指望着能说服他来。(in the hope that )

_he asked her again in the hope that he would persuade her to come.____

M6U1

1有益于…

对…友善

擅长于…

2有幽默感

3取笑，拿…开玩笑

4没有作出回应

对…作出回应

5给某人留下印象

6为…而排队等候

插队

7做…毫无意义

8编造，补偿，弥补，和解，调停

9学术氛围

10对…来说是合适的

11走…道路，照…样子干，效仿他人

12当（成为）演员，登台演出

13想到，想起

14对…很热心，热衷于做…

15对…严厉的，粗暴的

16值得做

17接受，呈现，雇佣

18接下去，继续

19好像/ 似乎要做某事

20为…腾出地方，让出空间

21因…而生某人的气

22拥挤，挤满

23愚弄某人

24欺骗某人做…

25拆开，拆除

把…撕成两半

26突然大哭/ 大笑

27（生气，愤怒地）瞪着

28拿出，伸出

29一叠貌似官方的文件

30一种至关重要的娱乐形式

M6U2

1被打算用来做

2催促某人做…使赶紧做…

3意味着在…上取得成功

4达到一个目标

5与身体上的残疾做斗争

6在困难/古代时期

7受伤住院

8参加体操锦标赛

9一个专心致志的体操小将

10描述某人为…

某人被描述/形容为

11远离她的父母

12把自己投身于，献身于

13使她付出未来幸福为代价

以牺牲…为代价

14被急送至最好的医院

15处于良好的/低落的精神状态

16克服她的失落

17适应她的新生活

18学习新闻专业

19主持一个体育节目

20想积极的事情并保持乐观

21赢得全世界人们的同情和赞赏

22一个模范

23尽某人最大的努力做…

24羡慕或嫉妒某人/物

25选择，努力争取某事物

26对…满足/满意

27安排某人/物做某事

28信任，信奉

相信某人所说的话

29给某人分配某物

30停止赶某事

31对…感到厌倦/疲惫

因…而感到劳累

32回顾过去

33在某人的指导下

34比…更早，更前

35在校的黄金时期

36匆忙地，急切地

37在阳光下和朋友们玩耍

38照顾一切

39当还是一个无辜的孩子时

40享受某人的青春时代

41最生动幸福的记忆

42看到我在…上的成功

43独立于，不以来于

44与某人交流，把…传达给某人

45保证做某事

对某人保证

在保修期内

46帮助某人做某事

47做伴，一起

和某人一起

48作出某人自己的决定

49给某人做某事的动力

50有一份稳定的工作

M6U3

1搜集一些更多的信息

2做一份家作

3体验文化差异

4一直，至始至终

5然而用不同的口音

6在文化上的难以置信的差异

7无论何时说到这个话题

8对…有/没有/有些作用和影响

9庆祝…

10庆祝第一个丰收节

11加入聊天室

12在期末典礼上

13看到那人的反应

14在婚礼传统之间的相似点

15出错

16和…不同

17期望某人做某事

18说得更清楚些

19举行一个盛大的宴会

20参加婚礼招待会

21敲鼓

22习惯于做…

23用食指指

24努力适应做

25皇室的颜色

26脱掉鞋子

27和…一样

28该是某人做某事的时候了

29关机，下线

30合适的行为举止

31帮助某人某事

32毕竟

33做某事的好办法

34解除误会

35避免在交流上的错误

36放爆竹

37总的说来，归纳起来

38有…的习惯

养成做…的习惯

39表示同意

40充满了雄心壮志

41咨询医生

42占据时间，地方；从事

43分发，发出（气味，热），用完，耗尽

44应某人的请求

45请求某人干…

46延误，阻碍

47对…作出评论

48某一个学生

对…有把握

49和…有关

对…关心

50与…接触

使某人接触

与…保持/失去联系

与…取得联系

51与某人相互交往/合作/联系

与某物效果户作用/影响

52对某事物有力量,勇气,能力等;能胜任

53以某物交换他物，

以此物代替彼物

54靠勤奋创业或树名声等

将某物分割成份或片；瓜分

55保密/隐藏

56决不可以，切莫

考虑到，顾及到

由于，因为

57控制，支配

在某人能力所及的范围之内

58打猎，搜捕

M6U4

1．谈及（做）某事

2．查字典

3．担当（某一角色）

4．在……的保护下，在……管理下

5．除了，还有；远离，和……不在一起

6．提出，制定出；出发，动身；开始，着手

7．作为……的代表

8．只要

9．出故障；抛锚

10．处于混乱状态

11．死于心脏病

12．从一地到另一地

13．得到；抓住

14．让人想起……，提醒某人某事

15．提醒某人做某事

16．回想

17．产生变化，发生改变

18．感到荣幸地做某事

19．管理一家工厂

20．给某人动手术

21．缺乏……

22．因缺乏……

23．教育的匮乏

24．从各方面来说

25．面临困难

26．面对着，在……情况下

27．朝南

28．吸引某人的为注意力到……

29．以……为基础，建立在……基础之上

30．建立，成立

31．合作解决问题

32．在……的帮助下

33．正如你们所知道的

34．令人敬重的组织

35．一笔钱

36．幸运的话

37．争取实现八个目标

38．新鲜的饮用水

39．完成小学教育

40．可得到的；可接近的

41．目标做某事

42．改善生活标准

43．创造就业机会

41．筹钱

42．资助一个儿童

43．承担得起……的费用

44．由某人付费

45．在个人层面上

46．专心学习

47．故意地

48．怀着做某事的目的

49．被誉为……

50．因……而受到尊敬

51．被授予

52．被迫做某事

53．通过……方法

54．决不

55．使某人欣慰的是

56．推荐做某事

57．医疗保健

58．一片狼藉

59．语言障碍

60．局限于（做）某事

61．做有意义的事

62．从另一方面看事情

63. ……的收藏

M6U1

1有益于…

对…友善

擅长于…

2有幽默感

3取笑，拿…开玩笑

4没有作出回应

对…作出回应

5给某人留下印象

6为…而排队等候

插队

7做…毫无意义

8编造，补偿，弥补，和解，调停

9学术氛围

10对…来说是合适的

11走…道路，照…样子干，效仿他人

12当（成为）演员，登台演出

13想到，想起

14对…很热心，热衷于做…

15对…严厉的，粗暴的

16值得做

17接受，呈现，雇佣

18接下去，继续

19好像/ 似乎要做某事

20为…腾出地方，让出空间

21因…而生某人的气

22拥挤，挤满

23愚弄某人

24欺骗某人做…

25拆开，拆除

把…撕成两半

26突然大哭/ 大笑

27（生气，愤怒地）瞪着

28拿出，伸出

29一叠貌似官方的文件

30一种至关重要的娱乐形式

be good for

be good to

be good at

have a sense of humour

make fun of

make no response

in response to

make an impression on

queue up for sth.

jump the queue

There is no point/ sense in doing sth.

make up

academic atmosphere

be appropriate to/ for sth.

follow in the footsteps of sb.

be/ go on the stage

occur to sb./ come into one’s mind

be enthusiastic about (doing)sth.

be tough/ hard/ severe with

be worth doing/ be worthy to be done/ be worthy of being done/ 主+be worthwhile doing/ to do

take on

move on

as if to do

make room for sth.

be annoyed with sb.

be crowded with

make a fool of sb

fool sb into doing

tear down

tear sth in half/ two

burst into tears/ laughter

burst out crying/ laughing

glare at

hold out

a stack of official-looking papers

a vital form of entertainment

M6U2

1被打算用来做 be meant/ intended/ designed to do

2催促某人做…使赶紧做… rush sb. into doing sth.

3意味着在…上取得成功 mean achieving success in …

4达到一个目标 meet/ achieve/ reach a goal

5与身体上的残疾做斗争 struggle with a physical disability

6在困难/古代时期 in difficult/ ancient times

7受伤住院 be injured and in hospital

8参加体操锦标赛 compete in the gymnastics tournament

9一个专心致志的体操小将 a dedicated junior gymnast

10描述某人为… describe sb. as…

某人/物被描述/形容为 sth./ sb. be described as…

11远离她的父母 (live) apart from her parents

12把自己投身于，献身于 devote/ dedicate oneself to doing

13使她付出未来幸福为代价 cost her her future happiness

以牺牲…为代价 at the cost of (one’s life)

14被急送至最好的医院 be rushed to a top hospital

15处于良好的/低落的精神状态 be in good/ high/ low/ poor spirits

16克服她的失落 overcome her disappointment

17适应她的新生活 adapt to her new life

18学习新闻专业 study journalism

19主持一个体育节目 host a sports programme

20想积极的事情并保持乐观 think about positive things and stay optimistic

21赢得全世界人们的同情和赞赏 win the sympathy and admiration of people

across the world

22一个模范 a role model

23尽某人最大的努力做… try one’s hardest/ best to do

24羡慕或嫉妒某人/物 be jealous of

25选择，努力争取某事物 go for sth.

26对…满足 be content with

27安排某人/物做某事 arrange for sb./ sth. to do

28信任，信奉 believe in

相信某人所说的话 believe sb.

29给某人分配某物 allocate sth. to sb.

30停止赶某事 quit doing

31对…感到厌倦/疲惫 be tired of

因…而感到劳累 be tired from

精疲力竭 be tired out= be worn out

32回顾过去 look back (on sth.)

33在某人的指导下 be under sb’s guidance

34比…更早，更前 ahead of

35在校的黄金时期 golden days at school

36匆忙地，急切地 in a rush/ hurry

37在阳光下和朋友们玩耍 play in the sunshine with friends

38照顾一切 take care of everything

39当还是一个无辜的孩子时 as an innocent child

40享受某人的青春时代 enjoy one’s adolescence

41最生动幸福的记忆 the most vivid and happiest memories

42看到我自己在…上的成功 see myself successful in …

43独立于，不依赖于 be independent of

44与某人交流，把…传达给某人 communicate with sb./ communicate sth. to sb.

45保证做某事 guarantee to do

对某人保证 guarantee sb. sth.= guarantee sth. to sb.

在保修期内 be under guarantee

46帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in doing/ to do

47做伴，一起 for company

和某人一起 in company with

48作出某人自己的决定 make one’s own decision

49给某人做某事的动力 give sb. the motivation to do

50有一份稳定的工作 have a secure job

M6U3

1搜集一些更多的信息 accumulate some more information

2做一份家作 do a piece of homework

3体验文化差异 experience cultural difference

4一直，至始至终 all the time

5然而用不同的口音 although with different accents

6在文化上的难以置信的差异 unbelievable difference in culture

7无论何时说到这个话题 Whenever it comes to this topic

8对…有/没有/有些作用和影响 make a/ no/ some difference to sb./ sth.

9庆祝… in celebration of

10庆祝第一个丰收节 celebrate the first harvest

11加入聊天室 join the chat room

12在期末典礼上 at the end-of-term ceremony

13看到那人的反应 see the person’s reaction

14在婚礼传统之间的相似点 There are similarities between wedding traditions

15出错 get things wrong

16和…不同 be different from

17期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.

18说得更清楚些 to clarify

19举行一个盛大的宴会 have a huge banquet

20参加婚礼招待会 participate in a wedding reception

21敲鼓 play a drum

22习惯于做… be/ get used to doing

23用食指指 point with the first finger

24努力适应做 try to adjust to doing

25皇室的颜色 royal colour

26脱掉鞋子 take off one’s shoes

27和…一样 the same as

28该是某人做某事的时候了 It’s time for sb. to do sth.

29关机，下线 log off

30合适的行为举止 appropriate behavior

31母语 native language/ mother tongue

32毕竟 after all

33做某事的好办法 a good way to do sth.

34解除误会 clear up a misunderstanding

35避免在交流上的错误 avoid mistakes in communication

36放爆竹 set off firecrackers

37总的说来，归纳起来 in summary

38有…的习惯 be in the habit of doing

养成做…的习惯 fall/ get into the habit of doing

39表示同意 give one’s approval

40充满了雄心壮志 fill with ambition

41咨询医生 consult a doctor

42占据时间，地方；从事 take up

43分发，发出（气味，热），用完，耗尽 give out

44应某人的请求 at one’s request= at the request of sb.

45请求某人干… request sb. to do

46延误，阻碍 hold up

47对…作出评论 make remarks about sb./ on sth.

48某一个学生 a certain student= some student

对…有把握 be certain of/ about

49和…有关 be concerned with

对…关心 be concerned about

50与…接触 in / out of contact with

使某人接触 bring sb. into contact with

与…保持/失去联系 keep/ lose contact with

与…取得联系 make contact with

51与某人相互交往/合作/联系 interact with sb.

与某物相互作用/影响 interact with sth

52对某事物有力量,勇气,能力等;能胜任

53以某物交换他物， swap sth with sb

以此物代替彼物 swap (sb)/sth for sth swap sth over/ round

54靠勤奋创业或树名声等 carve sth out (for oneself)

将某物分割成份或片；瓜分 carve sth up

55保密/隐藏 under wraps/secret

56决不可以，切莫 on no account / not on any account

考虑到，顾及到 take into account / take account of sth

由于，因为 on account of sth

57控制，支配 have power over

在某人能力所及的范围之内 within one’s power

58打猎，搜捕 hunt for

M6U4

1．谈及（做）某事 refer to ( doing ) sth.

2．查字典 refer to / consult / turn to a dictionary

3．担当（某一角色） take on

4．在……的保护下，在……管理下 under the umbrella of

5．除了，还有；远离，和……不在一起 apart from

6．提出，制定出；出发，动身；开始，着手set out

7．作为……的代表 on behalf of

8．但愿，要是…就好了 if only

9．出故障；抛锚 break down

10．处于混乱状态 in chaos

11．死于心脏病 die from heart disease

12．从一地到另一地 from place to place

13．得到；抓住 get / catch hold of

14．让人想起……，提醒某人某事 remind sb. of sth.

15．提醒某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth.

16．回想 think back to / look back on

17．产生变化，发生改变 make a difference

18．感到荣幸地做某事 feel honored to do sth.

19．管理一家工厂 operate a factory

20．给某人动手术 operate on sb. / perform an operation on sb.

21．缺乏…… lack sth. / be lacking in sth.

22．因缺乏…… for lack of

23．教育的匮乏 lack of education

24．从各方面来说 from / in all aspects

25．面临困难 face difficulty / be faced with difficulty

26．面对着，在……情况下 in the face of

27．朝南 face ( to the ) south

28．吸引某人的为注意力到…… draw one’s attention to

29．以……为基础，建立在……基础之上 be based on

30．建立，成立 set up

31．合作解决问题 co-operate in solving problems

32．在……的帮助下 with the help of

33．正如你们所知道的， As you know,

34．令人敬重的组织 worthy organizations

35．一笔钱 a sum of money

36．幸运的话 with luck

37．争取实现八个目标 try and meet eight goals

38．新鲜的饮用水 fresh drinking water

39．完成小学教育 complete primary education

40．可得到的；可接近的 be accessible / available to

41．目标做某事 aim to do sth. / aim at doing sth.

42．改善生活标准 improve the living standards

43．创造就业机会 create employment opportunities

41．筹钱 raise money

42．资助一个儿童 sponsor a child

43．承担得起……的费用 afford the expense of

44．由某人付费 at one’s expense

45．在个人层面上 on individual level

46．专心学习concentrate on learning

47．故意地 on purpose

48．怀着做某事的目的 with the purpose / intention of doing sth.

49．被誉为…… be honored as

50．因……而受到尊敬 be honored for

51．被授予 be honored with

52．被迫做某事 be forced to do sth, .

53．通过……方法 by means of

54．决不 by no means

55．使某人欣慰的是 to one’s comfort

56．推荐做某事 recommend doing sth.

57．医疗保健 health care

58．一片狼藉 be in a mess

59．语言障碍 a language barrier

60．局限于（做）某事 be limited to doing

61．做有意义的事 do worthy things

62．从另一方面看事情 see things from another side

63. ……的收藏 a large collection of

M6Unit 2 project

第一部分：自主学习

Ⅱ. 1.The writer is old. He says ‘when I was young’,implying that he is not young any more.

2.His days at school were the happiest of his life.

3.A teenager. Because in para3, the writer says ‘I will also be happy because I will be an adult then. ’

4.An adult can make his or her own decisions and do things he or she enjoys. He or she can have a job that he or she likes and finds happiness in being successful at it. Teenagers have to work hard at school and should always be doing or learning things, so they don’t have time to relax.

III. in a rush ；will have learned； affect; guarantee good health and happiness;

assist us with; the maximum amount of time; successful in my job and surrounded by;.

IV. Teenagers; ahead motivation;; worries; imagination; freedom; independently; secure; easily . aches;

1.本可能……但没有; 一定已做了某事；本应该…但没有；本没必要做…但…；

本不应该做…但做了；本可能……但没有；本不可能……但；B, D

2. 将来完成时；By the end of, will have planted; A

3. 想象, 猜想, 推测, 认为, 相信; 及物动词；You can imagine the situation there；I can't imagine his eating up the bread；你能想象眼睛看不见的感觉吗？B

形容词作宾语补足语；名词；形容词；分词；不定式；介宾短语

4．简单句; 回顾；回首，回忆;

I like to look back on my high-school days, which were the happiest in my life.

四下张望; 向前看; 往里看 / 调查；看不起、轻视；轻视，尊敬；浏览，检查，通过…看；检查

看起来像；look out； look up; look down; look up and down; look for; look after

5. 简单句; 两个， the maximam amount of time 和the minimum amount of time; 名词；

陪伴/同行/ 做伴；in ~ with 陪伴某人； keep sb ~ 给某人做伴，陪伴某人;in the ~ of 在…的陪伴下；同伴/公司； accompany .

I’ll stay here and keep you company.

He accompanied her friend to the concert.

第二部分：达标检测

1.It’s hard to imagine what it would be like to live on a deserted island.

2.I’m so hot. I feel like going swimming.

3.When I look back on my days in the countryside, I always think of the friendliness and kindness of the local people.

DBB

M6-U2 The search for happiness

Teaching Aims:

1. Enable the students to learn some information about sang lan and discuss the true meaning of the happiness.

2. To help the students develop the reading ability (including the analytic ability, summarizing ability and the ability of acquiring the information by different of ways and means.) by teaching the text.

3. To teach ss the basic characteristics of an interview and enable ss to master the reading strategy and become more competent in reading a business proposal.

Important and difficult points:

1. How to make ss master the structure and main idea of reading this passage.

2. How to improve their reading ability with various means of teaching

3. How to help the ss understand the article better without feeling monotony and finish the connected exercises.

Teaching methods:

Visual-scene, Tasked-based, Communicative method, Fast-reading method, Careful -reading method, Discussion & Activity.

Teaching facilities: PPT, tape-recorder, blackboard.

Teaching procedures:

Step 1 Greetings and lead-in

1. show a video on the happiness on the screen

2. Discussion: what does the happiness mean in your mind?

(Make a summary: Different people find happiness and fun in different things. There are certainly no criteria assessing which way of being happy is the best.)

3. Lead the text:

If possible, I will ask students to collect some relevant information before class. Tell students that they are going to read an interview from a TV programme about happiness. Ask students to exchange the background information and experience about Sang Lan they have found with each other. (show the ppt to complement their information and help ss get much more information of sang lan.)

Purpose:

1. Play a video to make ss feel very happy and in good mood and arouse their interests.

2. Encourage ss to express their minds using their own words.

Step-2: Fast-reading:

During this process: Ask students to skim the text and work out the structure to find out the main idea of the paragraphs and then finish the exercise A.

Step-3 Reading strategy: reading an interview.

Design question:

Tell ss to scan the style of whole text, then ask ss:

1. Do you find any different of this text. (Lead ss to answer: this is an interview.)

2. How to read an interview?

Step-4 careful reading

Reading the text again, then do some activities.

1. Choose some exercise from C1, C2 on the screen.

2.. Discussion: Encourage students to discuss freely their true feelings after reading Sang Lan’s story.

3. Brainstorm: What adjectives can you use to describe Sang Lan? Why?

Using the board designing, help ss master the main idea of the text. Ask students to describe Sang Lan's personality.

Purpose:

1. Varieties of teaching ways can arouse the ss’ interests as well as avoid the monotony during the process of reading the article.

2. I will design varieties of activities and approaches to meet the different need of the ss, and make full use of the multimedia to make the lesson vivid, interesting, and effective.

3. My aim at promoting the ss’ analytic ability, summarizing ability and the ability of acquiring the information by different of ways and means.

Step-5: consolidation and group work

1. Design charts and blanks on the screen to ask ss finish them for helping ss understand the text better.

2. group work( group discussion )

a. Do you think Sang Lan had had a happy life before she was injured?

b. Do you think Sang Lan has a happy life now?

c. What would you do if you had the same problem?

3. Then: Suppose you had a chance to talk face to face with Sang Lan, what would you like most to ask her about?(whole class discussion.) Purpose:

This serves as a consolidating exercise for students to practice their spoken English. Encourage them to discuss freely and bravely in English and later ask some students to express themselves.

(Make a summary of the whole text.)

Step-6 Homework

1. Underline the useful words, phrase and sentence patterns and know how to use them freely.

2. write a composition: what does the happiness mean in your mind?

.板书设计：

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