考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案

下面是小编为大家推荐的考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案，本文共9篇，欢迎阅读，希望大家能够喜欢。

考研英语是个非常独特的考试，考研英语考的并不是你的英语水平有多好，而是你多会做考研英语的卷子，以下为您带来考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案，欢迎浏览！

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

During the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, 1）But when factory production got into full swing and new products, e. g. processed foods, came onto the market, national advertising campaigns and brand-naming of products became necessary. Before large-scale factory production, the typical manufacturing unit had been small and adaptable and the task of distributing and selling goods had largely been undertaken by wholesalers. The small non-specialized factory which did not rely on massive investment in machinery had been flexible enough to adapt its production according to changes in public demands.

2）From the beginning of the nineteenth century until the 1870s, production had steadily expanded and there had been a corresponding growth in retail outlets. But the depression brought on a crisis of over-production and under-consumption―manufactured goods piled up unsold and prices and profits fell. Towards the end of the century many of the small industrial firms realized that they would be in a better position to weather economic depressions and slumps if they combined with other small businesses and widened the range of goods they produced so that all their eggs were not in one basket. They also realized that they would have to take steps to ensure that once their goods had been produced there was a market for them. This period ushered in the first phase of what economists now call 'monopoly capitalism', which, roughly speaking, refers to the control of the market by a small number of giant，conglomerate enterprises. Whereas previously competitive trading had been conducted by small rival firms, after the depression the larger manufacturing units and combines relied more and more on mass advertising to promote their new range of products．

A good example of the changes that occurred in manufacture and distribution at the turn of the century can be found in the soap trade. From about the 1850s the market had been flooded with anonymous bars of soap, produced by hundreds of small manufacturers and distributed by wholesalers and door-to-door sellers. 3）For instance, the future Lard Leverhulme decided to brand his soap by selling it in distinctive packages in order to facilitate recognition and encourage customer loyalty．

Lard Leverhulme was one of the first industrialism to realize that advertisements should contain logical and considered arguments as well as eye-catching and witty slogans. 4）For example, one contemporary Pears soap ad went into great detail about how the product could enhance marital bliss by cutting down the time the wife had to spend with her arms in a bowl of frothy suds. And an ad for Cadbury's cocoa not only proclaimed its purity but also detailed other benefits: 'for the infant it is a delight and a support; for the young girl, a source of healthy vigour；for the young miss in her teens a valuable aid to development…' and so on. As the writer E. S. Turner rightly points out, the advertising of this period had reached the 'stage of persuasion as distinct from proclamation or iteration'.5）

［A］The leading companies develop more aggressive selling methods such as keeping contact with their customers.

［B］Indeed advertise or bust seemed to be the rule of the day as bigger and more expensive campaigns were mounted and smaller firms who did not, or could not, advertise, were squeezed or bought out by the larger companies.

［C］ But the economic depression which lasted from 1873 to 1894 marked a turning point between the old method of industrial organization and distribution and the new．

［D］advertising was a relatively straightforward means of announcement and communication and was used mainly to promote novelties and fringe products．

［E］Competition grew steadily throughout the latter half of the century and eventually the leading companies embarked on more aggressive selling methods in order to take customers away from their rivals．

［F］Contemporary products also display details of the main ingredients.

［G］Many advertisers followed his lead and started to include 'reason why' copy in their ads．

答案及详解

1.D。“工业革命初期的广告主要用于新奇和装饰性的产品”与后句中的national compaigns and brand-naming of products became necessary对照，我们可知此时的广告应用还不是很普及，所以选D。

2.C。承上启下句，广告开始发出重要演变（“a turning point”。）

3.E。从后面一家公司通过采取独特的包装方法销售肥皂，而顾客在选择时能轻易辨别出来的实例中可知大公司开始了更强有力的推销手段，所以选E

4.G。第四段论述了大公司如何通过广告以及广告方式提高竞争力，上一句指出Lard leverhulme意识到广告标语“吸引眼球”与富有情趣的重要性。下一句通过肥皂和可乐的广告词，表明现代的广告越来越重视对产品作用的描述。

5.B。总结全文，做广告已成为现代商业社会的法则，许多负担不起大规模或昂贵广告的公司只有被并购或者逐渐萎缩。

中心思想

本文论述了广告的演变历史，工业革命初期，广告主要用于新奇或装饰性产品，接着大公司开始采取越来越强有力的推销手段。现代社会，广告更是成功决定商家命运的重要竞争力之一。

1.考研英语阅读理解B型试题

2.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题

3.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案

4.考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析

5.20考研英语阅读理解试题【附答案】

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7.考研英语阅读理解试题

8.考研英语阅读理解测试题

9.考研英语试题（阅读理解）

10.考研英语阅读理解练习试题

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

If you flew in an airplane over the continent of Antarctica, you would look down on a great sheet of snow and ice. The snow and ice slopes gently from a central plateau around the South Pole toward the sea. Along the coasts of Antarctica, sharp mountains rise up from the snow. Huge masses of ice called glaciers slide between the mountain ridges toward the sea. At the sea's edge, tremendous icebergs break off the glacier and float away. They are often enormous in size.

1) Most of the land beneath the snow is a great land mass. A chain of smaller islands is nearby. The islands and the land mass are joined into one continent by a thick blanket of ice.

Antarctica has nine-tenths of all the world's ice. If all this ice melted, the level of the world's oceans would rise 250 feet. Most cities along the coast would be drowned. In New York Harbor, water would almost cover the Statue of Liberty's head. But the ice in Antarctica does not melt. The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. 2)

Antarctica does not have much plant life. Only a few simple plants, such as mosses, lichens, and algae, can grow there. 3) But along the coasts of the continent there are many birds, fish, and animals.

Thousands of whales and millions of seals swim in Antarctic seas. Six kinds of seals are found. The fur seal, the smallest, has long been hunted for its silky fur. The tough-skinned elephant seal is the largest. It can weigh as much as four tons.

4)

A number of birds live in Antarctica, and fly over the water and ice. 5) Each year it migrates between the northernmost islands of the Arctic (the region around the North Pole) and the shores of Antarctica ―a distance of about 11,000 miles.

［A］The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. The temperature there has been known to drop to more than 100 degrees below zero.

［B］The Arctic tern has been called the long-distance champion of the world.

［C］Most of the world's whaling takes place in Antarctic waters. The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived. It may weigh as much as 150 tons and be 95 feet long. Smaller whales include the bottlenose, the humpback, the sperm, and the finback.

［D］They cannot fly, but they have flipper-like wings, which make them strong swimmers.

［E］Beneath the snow and ice of Antarctica lies land. Snow piles deeper and deeper on top of the land and hardens into ice. In some places, it is three miles deep.

［F］The climate is so harsh, and food so scarce, that people cannot settle in Antarctica.

［G］When the ice sheets pushed down from the north reaching as far south as the river, it does not encounter any mountains and hard rocks.

答案及详解

1.E。填写这段话时，应同时根据上下文来理解，在文章第一段当时曾经出现过“the snow and ice”这个词，当然这就应该是一个很好的启发。第一段中说的是这些雪和冰从南极点向海里运动的过程，那么进入第二段时，我们很自然就会想，当这些雪和冰移到海里之后，他们下面又是什么，第二段的空白接下去的句子就提到了这些(beneath the snow ...)，而这与所要填写的选项正是相呼应的。

2.A。填写这几句话时，主要应该从语意和语境上来理解。文章第三段的前部分，描述了南极洲存在着大量的冰，并且那些冰终年不化，于是我们就能自然而然的想到，那儿的温度也是非常之低的了。

3.F。填写这句话时，也应同时结合上下文来看。前一句说到，南极洲仅有少数的植物生命存在，后一句说的是，在大洲的海岸沿线却存在许多鸟、鱼和动物。这里要引起注意的就是那个转折词“But ...”，说明前一句就应该是说有些动物类生命是不适合在那里生存的，即人。

4.C。填写这段话时，应该看到它的前一段，即本文的第五段，说有成千上万的鲸以及几百万之多的海豹在南极游嬉。而接下来的文字，却仅仅只是描述了海豹的种类及特征，那么很明显，剩下的文字，就应该比较具体的来描述鲸了。

5.B。理解这句话并不难，主要在其中的一个单词“Arctic tern”，这是“北极燕鸥”，了解了它的意思，这句话也就看懂了。北极燕鸥在世界上被称为长距离飞行的冠军。

D。这句话的意思是他们不能飞。但是有鳍状的翅膀，使他们更善于游泳，这显然是南极洲另外一种动物――企鹅的特征，故不能选，并且它与燕鸥飞行11，000 英里之间迁徙的后文相矛盾。

G。这句话说的是那些冰块从北向南移动，不再会遇到山脉和岩石，这显然已经超出了文章的范围，因为这样的碎冰几乎已经走出了南极洲，成为人类可利用之水。并且它与在整个文章内容上不能衔接，故不能填。

中心思想

本文主要介绍了南极洲的自然风光，通过描述巨大的冰川、寒冷的天气，以及稀有的动植物，向我们较为全面地展示了南极洲的与众不同。

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7.2017考研英语阅读理解练习试题

8.考研英语阅读理解测试题

9.考研英语阅读理解如何快速找答案

10.考研英语一阅读理解答案

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

On the ground floor of a five-story building in Rome, Italy, a lead-aproned man carefully places a 400-year-old painting on a table. Then he steps back and flips the switch of a 50,000 volt X-ray machine. Nearby, another painting is being wheeled into a special oven. Elsewhere the buzz of a power saw is heard from behind a closed door. Two workers are cutting the back off a 500-year-old wood panel painting.

Such things happen every day at Rome's Institute of Restoration. 1)

In terms of art treasures, Italy is one of the richest countries in the world. Yet until 1939, when Italy's government founded the Institute, the country's museums had to hire private restorers for cleaning and repair jobs. Says Doctor Urbani, “Most of the restorers did not have proper training. They often did more harm than good.”

No wonder they did harm. 2)

3) Sometimes they even changed the picture.

Any number of things can damage a work of art. Smog eats away at stone and metal. Insects chew wood. Moisture causes wood and canvas to swell, shrink and finally rot. For one art show, a painting was flown from England to Rome. During the flight, the canvas shrank so much that the paint lost its grip and began peeling. When the box was opened in Rome, there was a half-bare painting―and a pile of tiny colored flakes.

Doctor Urbani remembers, “The painting was rushed to us. It looked hopeless. But we never give up on a case.” After months of slow, careful work, every piece of paint had been puzzled back together and glued on a new canvas. The job was so well done that no damage could be seen.

When a painting arrives at the art hospital, it goes to the laboratory, where scientific work is done. Infrared and ultraviolet photographs are taken. 4) Newer coats of paint stand out as dark spots against older coats of paint. If there seems to be a different picture beneath the one showing on the surface, the painting is finally X-rayed.

Paintings on wood are then carried into a boxcar-sized room. 5) For 24 hours, a deadly gas seeps into all the cracks in the wood to kill hidden bugs and their eggs. Paintings on torn canvas go to a room where new cloth backings are glued and ironed on. Finally the paintings are ready to be given new life by one of the restorers.

［A］Instead of just touching up damaged spots, most early restorers painted over them with a heavy hand.

［B］Using these photographs and an analysis of the paint, it began removing dirt and old, yellowed varnish with cotton dipped in a special liquid.

［C］Headed by Doctor Giovanui Urbani, the men and women here work at keeping works of art in good health.

［D］These photographs make it possible to see through the thin top coats of paint to find out if the painting has been touched up or painted over in the past.

［E］They often cleaned paintings with strong black soap, or scrubbed them with raw onions and green apples.

［F］The door is sealed shut.

［G］After cleaning, they began the job of filling in the spots where paint was missing.

答案及详解

1.C。开篇第一段，向人们展示了两幅场景，那究竟是要做什么呢？其实从后面的文章不难理解，这说的是一家“艺术品医院”，所以填入此处的句子应点明这个主题。

2.E。文章第四段第一句说，难怪乎他们只会损坏文物，接下来的描述就证明了这一点，即用“肥皂、生洋葱、青苹果去擦拭作品”。

3.A。文章第五段最后一句说“有时他们甚至改变了整幅作品”，可见破坏的更为严重，这已不仅仅是“对损坏的地方修正改正，而是干脆大笔一挥，在上面重画一气”。

这里要注意选项E与选项A比较容易位置混淆，但是只要分清它们各自表述的程度的轻重，也就可以把握了。

4.D。这句话的意思是“这些红外线和紫外线照片可以使人们透过上面薄薄一层油彩看到下面是否以前修补过或重新绘过”可见这是一种处理修复受损艺术品的方法，而全文第八段说的都是这个。

5.F。“屋门关得严严实实”咋一看，这句话似乎没什么用，可是，从下一句我们看到“a deadly gas”（一种致命的气体），可见这句话也是必不可少了。

B。这句话虽然也提到照片，但主要就是用来起迷惑作用的，因为它的意思与全考研教育网不相符。

G。这句话里也提到处理（clean）一些艺术品上的 spot， 但显然这只是一个迷惑选项，与全文的内容不能融合、呼应，故不选填。

中心思想

本文向大家介绍了一家特殊的医院――艺术品医院，描述了如何对一些受损艺术品进行处理修复的方法和过程，也让人们了解了它存在的价值与重要性。

1.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题

2.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题

3.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案

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9.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题附答案

10.考研英语阅读理解测试题

考研英语是个非常独特的考试，考研英语考的并不是你的英语水平有多好，而是你多会做考研英语的卷子，以下为您带来考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题及答案，欢迎浏览！

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. 1）

2） Triple gun-decks mounted sixty-four bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.

As she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10,1628, Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.

3）4）

As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list, but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo,ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. 5）In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying - in the harbour of her birth.

［A］All gun-ports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.

［B］Vasa sailed majesticly out of the bay.

［C］This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.

［D］King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane', then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War, had dictated her measurements and armament.

［E］The lower gun ports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship's fate.

［F］ As soon as her discovery, the world became shocken.

［G］Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow, her flags flying, pennants waving, sails filling in the breeze, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before.

答案及详解

1.C.文章开篇介绍一艘瑞典皇家大船1628年在处女航中沉船，直到1956年才被人们发现。选C整个第一段才把事件交待清楚。干扰项是F因为下段也没有再提船的名字，所以第一段要交待出主要“人物”。

2.D.第二段交待事情的缘由，1498~1632年之间，瑞典新教势力与波兰天主都势力之间的战争及王室之间联姻带来的积怨使战争时断时续。古斯塔夫斯（Gustavus） 二世接替王位后（1594~1632），瑞典雄踞上风，准备再一次出海远征，Vasa （瓦萨）战舰就是为出征建造的。

3.G.前两段介绍背景，第三段后由背景转入1628年8月10日战船考研教育网前的雄姿。第四、五两段很紧凑地叙述了考研教育网那一刻的热闹场面及它突然倾叙下沉的悲剧。

4.A.muzzles peeped wickedly 中，用 wickedly 这个词预示着这次航行的厄运。与上一句中 in a majestic spectacle 及 the red and gold of her superstructure 形成一种强烈的反差，干扰项为选项B.

5.E.最后一段写了沉船时的情形，描写船身向左倾斜，无论用什么方法也没有人能止住这种倾斜，船最终下沉没顶，从此躺在波罗的海海底300余年之久。

中心思想

本文描写了“瓦萨”号出航前的雄风英姿及刹那间船体倾斜，货物、装备及船上400人顷刻葬身海底的海难悲剧。Vasa （瓦萨）是瑞典17世纪，更确切地说，是1628年一艘皇家大帆船的名字。这艘耗时三年建成的帆船工艺精细、装饰雄伟华丽，是一艘规模空前的战舰，它象征着17世纪上半叶以瑞典为代表的北欧新教势力与中欧波兰天主教势力之间的多年战乱结束时，瑞典的军事力量已达到鼎盛时期。

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Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

Here I want to try to give you an answer to the question: What personal qualities are desirable in a teacher? Probably no two people would draw up exactly the same lists. But I think the following would be generally accepted.

First, 1) But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, melancholy, frigid, sarcastic, cynical, frustrated, and overbearing: I would say too, that it excludes all of dull or purely negative personality.

Secondly, 2）Closely related with this is the capacity to be tolerant- not, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the frailty and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.

Thirdly, 3）This does not mean being a saint. It means that he will be aware of his intellectual strengths, and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided. There is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which demands that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.

On the other hand, 4）He must be pretty resilient, teaching makes great demands on nervous energy. And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any adult dealing with children has to endure.

Finally, 5） There are three principle objects of study: the subject, or subjects, which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; and- by far the most important- the children, young people, or adults to whom they are to be taught. The cardinal principle of British education is education of the whole person, and that it is best acquired through full and active cooperation between two persons, the teacher and the learner.

［A］it is not merely desirable but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy - in the literal meaning of that word; a capacity to tune in to the minds and feelings of other people.

［B］a teacher must be capable of infinite patronee. This, I may say, is largely a matter of self-discipline and self-training, because none of us were born like that.

［C］the teacher's personality should be pleasantly live and attractive. This does not rule out people who are physically plain, or even ugly, because many such have great personal charm.

［D］A teacher must remain mentally alert, He must be quick to adapt himself to any situation, however improbable (they happen!) and able to improvise, if necessary at less than a moment’s notice

［E］A teacher should be humorous sometimes like a best friend sitting down across from you in your living room having a chat about what's going on in your life.

［F］I think a teacher should have the kind of mind, which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect; there is always something more to learn about it.

［G］I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest.

答案及解析

1）C。这是要你判断教师首先必须具备的个人品质。从后文中应排除忧郁、冷漠、生性呆板等性格特征看，与之对应的应是“pleasantly live” attractive. 从“does rule out” 我们应发现与之对应的“does not rule out”：所以C最符合原文

2）A。与“tolerant”联系紧密的是什么。只有深刻的从内心理解对方，才能做到“tolerant of the frailty and immaturity of human nature”。显然A项与此联系最紧密

3）G。表明诚实的含义，不是对做圣人，而是一种对一生准则的选择。

4）B。从后文“innumerable peoty irritation”看，处理那些数不清的，琐碎的令人恼火的事情 infinite patience 当然是必须的，我们选B。

5）F。从 There are three principle objects of study 这段是要突出永远学习的必要性。而不是D中所单指的 “intelligence”

中心思想

本文论述了教师理想的个人品质。

他应该是精力充沛，令人愉快的，他要有真诚的必不可少的同情心，在知识、道德上诚实，具有无限耐心，最后，他还要有一颗永远渴望学习的心。

1.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题

2.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题及答案

3.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案

4.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案

5.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案

6.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案

7.考研英语阅读理解B型题模拟题

8.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题

9.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题

10.考研英语阅读理解B型试题

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

The Revolutionary War, which began officially on April 19, 1775, dragged on for more than six bitter years. It was a conflict fought by the colonials for the righteous cause of securing freedom from intolerable British intervention in American affairs.

1） When legal restrictions were implemented by both the British and the colonists in 1775, nearly all American overseas commerce abruptly ceased. By mid-1775, the colonies faced acute shortages in such military essentials as powder, flints, muskets, and knives. Even salt, shoes, woolens, and linens were in short supply. Late in 1775, Congress authorized limited trade with the West Indies, mainly to procure arms and ammunitions, and trade with other non-British areas was on an unrestricted basis by the spring of 1776.

2） Yet the colonies engaged in international trade despite the blockade. Formal treaties of commerce with France in 1778 and with Holland and Spain shortly thereafter stimulated the flows of overseas trade. Between 1778 and early 1782, American wartime commerce was at its zenith. During those years, France, Holland, Spain, and their possessions all actively traded with the colonies. Even so, the flow of goods in and out of the colonies remained well below prewar levels. Smuggling, privateering, and legal trade with overseas partners only partially offset the drastic trade reductions with Britain. Even the coastal trades were curtailed by a lack of vessels, by blockades, and by wartime freight rates. British occupied ports, such as New York, generated some import activity but little or nothing in the way of exports.

3）In Philadelphia, for instance, nearly 4,000 women were employed to spin materials in their homes for the newly established textile plants. A sharp increase also occurred in the number of artisan workshops with a similar stimulus in the production of beer, whiskey, and other domestic alcoholic beverages. 4）Only the least-commercialized rural areas remained little affected by the serpentine path of war and the sporadic flows of wartime commerce.

Overall, the war imposed a distinct economic hardship on the new nation. Most goods rose in cost and were more difficult to obtain. High prices and severe commercial difficulties encouraged some nvestors to turn from commerce to manufacturing. Then, once the trade lanes reopened with the coming of peace, even those who profited from the war were stung by the tide of imports that swept it to American ports and sharply lowered prices. 5）

［A］The rechanneling of American resources into import-competing industries was especially strong along the coast and in the major port cities.

［B］As exports and imports fell, import substitution abounded, and the colonial economy became considerably more self-sufficient.

［C］ Although many Americans escaped the direct ordeals of war, few Americans were untouched by it ― at least indirectly.

［D］ Nevertheless, the British maintained a fairly effective naval blockade of American ports, especially during the first two years of the war.

［E］ Internally, the most pressing problems were financial.

［F］More important was the fact that Congress had no independent income and had to rely for funds on catch-as-catch-can contributions from the states, made roughly in proportion to their individual populations.

［G］Maritime commerce was always an important factor in the war effort, and trade linkages were vital to the supply of arms and ammunitions.

答案及详解

1.G.海上商业活动历来是战事中的重要环节，而保持贸易联系对于武器弹-的供应至关重要。第一段介绍了美国独立战争及意义。第二段说明独立战争的深刻根源。后面提到海外贸易的中止；火药、手x、枪-及刀具比基本军需品的严重短缺。可知第一句应是对这两项的总体概述。所以应选G.

2.D.然而，英国对美国港口实施了相当有效的海上封锁，尤其在独立战争的最初两年，由下文：尽管封锁严密，各殖民地仍然开展着对外贸易，可知选D.

3.B.由于贸易活动的减少，进口替代品的生产兴旺起来，殖民地的经济因而更加自给自足。下文：例如在费城，新建的纺织厂雇用了近4000名妇女在家里纺织布料。工匠作坊也大量涌现，刺激了啤酒、威士忌及其它国产酒类的酿造。此段所举的例子都是为说明殖民地的经济因而更加自给自足。

4.A.美国的生产资源流动与进口货对抗的行业，这一趋势在沿海地区及港口大城市尤为强劲，免受战争炮火硝烟与战时贸易封锁影响的只有那些远离商业活动的乡村地区。前面的“沿海地区及港口大城市”与后文“乡村地区”形成对比。

5.C.虽然许多美国人逃脱了战争的直接厄运，但没有谁躲过战争的间接冲击。前文讲“总的来说，战争带给这个新兴的国家的是显而易见的经济困苦。大多数商品价格上涨，且供应紧张。昂贵的价格与贸易的极度艰难促使一些投资者从商业转向制造业。之后，随着战争的结束，贸易通道重新开放，即使那些在战争中赚了一笔的人都为潮水般地涌入美国港口并引起行情骤降的进口商品而痛心疾首。”选项E为干扰项。

中心思想

英国独立战争对于北美殖民地反对英国暴政、追求独立自主的正义事业意义深远。但是，如同其他战争一样，所付出的代价是沉重的。除了人员伤亡造成的巨大损失，军需供应扰乱了殖民地的经济秩序。此外，英国的贸易封锁造成物资匮乏，国内财政赤字引发恶性通货膨胀。尽管生活困窘，殖民地人群情激昂，又战斗又生产，带动了美国制造业的兴旺。

1.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题

2.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题

3.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案

4.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案

5.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题及答案

6.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案

7.考研英语阅读理解B型试题

8.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题附答案

9.考研英语阅读理解测试题

10.轻松应对考研英语（一、二）阅读理解态度题

Specialization canbe seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis forfurther research. But specialization was only one of a series of relateddevelopments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was thegrowing professionalisation of scientific activity。

No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the wordamateur does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integratedinto the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share itsvalues. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally mostobvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development ofgeology in the United Kingdom。

A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptableresearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentiethcentury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionalsonly if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateurreadership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,where the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。

Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, itsfull consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In sciencegenerally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucialperiod for this change in the structure of science。

21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _________。

[A]sociology and chemistry

[B]physics and psychology

[C]sociology and psychology

[D]physics and chemistry

22. We can infer from the passage that _________。

[A]there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation

[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science

[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity

[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_________。

[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation

[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study

[C]the change of policies in scientific publications

[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

24. The direct reason for specialization is _________。

[A]the development in communication

[B]the growth of professionalisation

[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge

[D]the splitting up of academic societies

名师解析

21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as_________.

19世纪专业化的发展在_______等科学领域容易看的更加清楚。

[A]sociology and chemistry 社会学和化学

[B]physics and psychology 物理学和心理学

[C]sociology and psychology 社会学和心理学

[D]physics and chemistry 物理学和化学

【答案】 D

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 根据题干定位到第二段第三、四句，文中提到专业化要求更长时间、更复杂的培训，给参与科学活动的业余人士带来了更大的问题。在特别是以数学和实验为基础的那些科学领域里，这一倾向自然表现得最为明显，英国地质学领域的发展充分地说明了这一点。在这四个选择项中，[A]、[B]、[C]都提到了文科学科，只有[D]选项中的物理学和化学均是以数学和实验作为基础的科学，因此可以推断[D]选项符合原文，是正确答案。

22. We can infer from the passage that _____. 从本文可以推断出______。

[A] there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalization

在专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别

[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas ofscience

业余人士在某些领域和专业人士可以竞争

[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity

专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体的

[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

业余人士看起来只有全国性的学术协会，但是没有地方性的学术协会

【答案】 B

【考点】 推断题。

【分析】 选项[A]中提到专业化和职业化之间几乎没有区别，而实际上，它们指的是不同的领域和方向，specialization针对研究对象，professionalization针对研究者，因此可以排除。选项[C]说专业人士看上去是欢迎业余人士加入科学团体这种说法也是不对的，因为专业化的发展使得业余人士受到排挤。[D]选项明显错误，因为文中提到既有全国性的学术协会，又有地方性的学术协会。第三段指出局部的研究只有在能被纳入并反映出更广泛研究框架的时候，才为专业人士所接受。这说明，某些方面的研究是为专业研究者所认可的，同时说明了业余研究与职业研究并存的状况。既然是并存的，就说明在某个地方是可以竞争的。因此选择[B]。

23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______。

作者提到地质学发展是为了说明______。

[A] the process of specialization and professionalization

专业化和职业化的过程

[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study

业余人士在科学研究方面的艰辛

[C] the change of policies in scientific publications

科技出版政策的变化

[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

职业人士对业余人士的歧视

【答案】 A

【考点】 作者目的题。

【分析】 根据题干地质学发展定位到第二段末尾和第三段，第三段主要讲的是地质学的发展;以及第四段第一句虽然职业化和专业化过程早在19世纪已在英国的地质学领域展开，但直到20世纪我们才看到其全面影响，因此可以判断这里的正确答案是[A]。[B]选项认为是业余研究者在科学研究方面的艰辛。例子中虽然提到了专业化给业余研究者带来的不利影响. 但是从整体来看，那个不是重点，地质学的例子主要是为了说明专业化和职业化过程的形成及其影响。

24. The direct reason for specialization is _______. 造成专业化的直接原因是_______。

[A] the development in communication 交流的发展

[B] the growth of professionalization 职业化的发展

[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge 科学知识的扩展

[D] the splitting up of academic societies 学术团体的分化

【答案】 C

【考点】 事实细节题。

【分析】 本题要求考生找出现象间的因果关系。全文开篇就指出，专业化过程可以被看做是对日益积累的科学知识的反应。这句话的含义实际上就是科学知识的积累促进了专业化。因此可以判定[C]是正确选项。[A]选项是不对的，因为根据其中的交流一词可以定位到第一段，文中提到专业化影响了交流过程，而不是反之。[B]不对，专业化是随着知识的进一步分类而产生的，是和职业化同时产生的，不是其成因。[D]为专业化的结果。

难句解析：

1. Nevertheless, the wordamateurdoes carry aconnotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into thescientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values。

【结构分析】本句的主句是the wordamateurdoes carry a connotation，后面有一个that引导的同位语从句，解释connotation，而这个同位语从句中有两个并列谓语。

2. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。

【结构分析】本句的主干是The trend was naturally most obvious and can beillustrated。主语是the trend，两个谓语部分为was obvious和can be illustrated。前一个部分中based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training是过去分词做后置定语修饰areas of science。

3. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced bythe widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury。

【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The overall result has been to do sth。。逗号后面只是一个名词性的短语，其关键词是a result，是前面句子主语的同位语，在其内部主要是一个that引导的定语从句，而定语从句中又有两个并列的状语first by..., and then by.。.。

4. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。

【结构分析】这是一个并列句，由whereas连接两个分句，说明了两种情况，前一个分句的主干是A process of differentiation has led to professional geologists，而后面说theamateurs have tended either to remainor to come。

全文翻译：

专业化可被看作针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。通过将学科细分为各个小的单元，个人能够继续处理这些信息并将它们作为进一步研究的基础。但是专业化仅仅是一系列相关科学进步中影响交流过程的的一个。另一现象是科学活动的日益职业化。

在科学领域内，职业人士与业余人士之间没有明确的区分：任何规律都有其例外。但是业余这个词的确具有一种含义，即相关的那个人没有完全融入某个科学家群体，尤其是他可能并不完全认同他们的价值观。19世纪的专业化的发展，导致了对更长更复杂的训练的要求，意味着业余人员进入科学界会遇到更大的困难。特别是在以数学和实验室训练为基础的科学领域，这种倾向自然尤为明显，这可以通过英国的地质学发展过程得到证实。

对过去一个半世纪的英国地质出版物所进行的比较表明不但人们对研究首要性的重视程度在不断增加，而且对什么是可以接受的论文的定义也在不断变化。因此，在19世纪，局部的地质研究本身就代表了一种有价值的研究;而到了20世纪，如果局部的研究能够被职业人员接受，那么它就必须结合和思考一个更加广阔的地质面貌。另一方面，业余人员继续以传统方式从事局部的研究。结果，业余人员在职业化地质学杂志发表文章更加困难。审稿制度首先在19世纪的全国性杂志中实行，后来在20世纪一些地方性地质杂志中也开始实行，这使这个结果得到进一步加强。这样发展的必然结果是出现了针对专业读者和业余读者的不同杂志。类似的分化过程也导致职业地质学家聚集起来，形成一两个全国性的团体，而业余地质学家则要么留在地方性团体中，要么以不同方式组成全国性的团体。

虽然职业化和专业化过程在19世纪的英国地质学界中已经得到迅速发展，但是它的效果一直拖到20世纪才充分显示出来。然而，从整个科学来看，19世纪必须被视为科学结构发生该变化的关键阶段。

1.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案

2.考研英语真题阅读理解试题及答案分析

3.考研英语阅读理解B型试题及答案

4.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案

5.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案

6.考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析

7.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题及答案

8.考研英语阅读理解试题及答案解析

9.20考研英语阅读理解试题【附答案】

10.考研英语一试题及答案

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.

These are things to watch out for when starting to invest.

Calculate your worth: Make a note of all your assents, no matter how insignificant they seem. 1).

Know your risk levels: 2). Consider the objective behind your decision to invest: are you aiming to retire in a decade, or are you saving for a deposit on a house? Your age and circumstances, as well as economic conditions, will determine the right investment for you.

Have a nest egg: Keep at least three months' wages available in cash before considering any other investment. That way, you will not lose out by having to liquidate a poorly-performing asset at an unfavourable time.

Learn the basics: 3) The market for property may appear favourable for first-time homebuyers, but a house is an illiquid investment. Equities are relatively volatile, but can be liquidated quickly.

Take advice: 4) News takes a long time to filter down to the guy in the street and chances are that any hot tip is past its sell-by date. Spend some time with a financial adviser, read the papers or books on investing. That way, you can make educated decisions.

Diversify: Once you have a core position, look around for satellite investments that may spice up your portfolio. Do not only buy equities, consider bonds, property or collectibles to protect yourself against poor performance in one asset class.

Hang in there: Stick to your plan, even if your investment seems to be floundering. New investors are often driven by emotion and react at the wrong times. 5).

［A］ Create a core investment portfolio in something solid such as blue―chip stocks that will bring in steady gains over the years.

［B］That way, you can work out what sort of investment suits you and over what time frame.

［C］ Find out about various asset classes and their characteristics.

［D］ By this way, you avoid having to decide when the time is right to buy ― a skill even most mature investors fail to get right.

［E］Financial experts will tell you that timing the market is almost impossible, but time in the market will eventually pay off.

［F］Think carefully about your future plans and where you would like to be in a few years' time.

［G］Avoid following the herd and buying into the latest fashionable initial public offering.

答案及详解

1.B。估算财产，以及Make a note（做记录）的目的，显然是为了搞清楚投资类型，所以选B。

2.F。从下文，考虑一下决定投资的目的：你内打算退休呢还是为了买房而存款，显然是在思考未来的计划以及生活环境，所以选F。

3.C。从后文对房地产市场以及股票的特点分析看，此处作者对basics（常识）的概括是指，搞清有关的各种不同资产类别及其特点。

4.G。文中提到对普通人来讲，信息需要很长时间方能传到他们的耳中，因此“any hot tip is past its sell- by date”。得知的热门消息往往是过时的。所以我们知道作者此句旨在强调不要随波逐流去买进一些时髦证券。

5.E。前文说到投资新手常常感情冲动，在错误的时间里做出反应，且此段标题为hang in there（坚持不懈）。显然，我们知道此句应为E中前面一个timing the market指掌握市场（买卖时机）后一个time in manket 指在市场上坚持下去。

中心思想

本文论述投资必须谨记的几件事情，估算财产以搞清投资类型，了解投资风险和基本常识，咨询理财顾问，阅读相关书稿。投资方式多样化以及坚持执行计划。

1.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题附答案

2.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题

3.考研英语阅读理解B型题模拟题

4.考研英语阅读理解B型题模拟题及答案

5.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题附答案

6.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题附答案

7.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题

8.考研英语阅读理解B型题练习题及答案

9.考研英语阅读理解B型题测试题

10.考研英语阅读理解B型题试题及答案

Talk toany parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between schooland university when some students earn money, travel, etc.) and a misty lookwill come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the mostmotivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial,emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliantexperience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We allwish pre?university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how muchtougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university orto decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.

Gap yearsare fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charitiesand private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling inChile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. Therange of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities,building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a languageassistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Onceparents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would?be undergraduate?s progress to a better university,a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies? blurbs suggest it might be, thenparents will start organising―and paying for―the gaps.

Wherethere are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gapcompanies'? umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poorplanning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, butthe best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it isusually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been awayfrom home before or because expectation does not match reality.”

The pointof a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to dothe thing that he or she fancies. Kids don't mature if mum and dad decide howthey are going to mature. If the 18-year-old's way of maturing is to slob outon Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working withfishermen in Cornwall, then that?s what will be productive for that person. The consensus, however, isthat some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be thestudent.

The18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks'notice to Canada tolearn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back withlittle more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked forhis fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealandto Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positivecounterbalance. [502 words]

16. Itcan be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may____.

[A] help children to be prepared fordisasters

[B] receive all kinds of support fromtheir children

[C] have rich experience in bringingup their offspring

[D] experience watching children growup

17.According to the text, which of the following is true?

[A] The popularity of gap yearsresults from an increasing number of charities.

[B] Prince William was working hardduring his gap year.

[C] Gap years are not as fashionableas they were ten years ago.

[D] A well-structured gap year is aguarantee of university success.

18. Theword “packages” (Line 3, Para. 2) means________.

[A] parcels carried intraveling [B] a comprehensive set of activities

[C] something presented in aparticular way [D] charity actions

19. Whatcan cause the disasters of gap years?

[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Irresponsibility of thecompanies.

[C] A lack of insurance. [D] Low expectation.

20. An18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she.________

[A] lives up to his/herparents'expectations

[B] spends time being lazy and doingnothing

[C] learns skills by spendingparents'money

[D] earns his or her living and gainsworking experience

核心词汇

at two weeks?notice 提前两周通知;at short(a moment?s) notice随时，提前很短时间通知例：We are ready to start at short notice.我们已准备好，接到通知就可以出发。

back?up n./ a. *①支援(者)，支持(者)②备用品例：a backup plan/system/pilot备用计划/备用系统/候补飞行员

back up ①支持(某人)，证实(某说法)②备份，复制(磁盘)③向后移动

counterbalance n./v.平衡，抗衡;平衡抵消物; counter?前缀，表示“相反的，相对的”如 counter?attack v. 回击，counterpart n. 地位、职务等相当的人，对等物

look up ①抬头看②尊敬，仰望例：look up to sb. as one?s teacher把某人尊为老师 *③(形势等)好转例：Things are looking up now.情况正在好转。④(在字典、参考书等中)查寻例：look up a word in a dictionary在字典中查一个词

package n. ①包，盒，袋 *② a set of related things orservices sold or offered together(必须整体接受的)一套，一揽子例：a benefits package 一套福利措施 / an aid package 综合援助计划 / package deal 一揽子交易

pick up ①拾起，拿起例： pick up the phone拿起话筒②(偶然、无意地)获得(收益、知识、消息等) pick up a tip from my mother 从妈妈那学到一个窍门③接收(讯号)，收听(广播等)例：pick up the BBC World Service 接收英国广播公司国际广播节目 *④(情况等)好转，改进例：Trade is picking up nicely.生意很有起色。

structure n. ①结构，构造，体系 *② a situation in which everythingis carefully organized and planned组织性，条理性例： Kids need some sort of structureto their day. 儿童的日常生活需要有点条理性。vt. 构造;组织;安排例：You need to structure yourarguments more carefully.你需要更仔细地组织好自己的论据。/ well structured精心组织的，安排周密的

umbrella organization an organization that includes many smaller groups伞状机构、组织

超纲词汇

a gap year (中学和大学之间)学业间断的一年，间断年

backpack v.背包旅行例：go backpacking n.背包

blurb n. ①(印在书籍封套上的)简介 *②夸大的广告或介绍词

hangover n. 遗留的感觉(或风俗、习惯等)(常后跟介词from)例：the insecure feeling that was ahangover from her childhood 她儿时留下的不安全感

slob n. 懒惰而邋遢的人 *vi. slob out/around游手好闲，无所事事

toil n.辛苦，劳累;苦活，难事例：some books are a toil to read.有些书读起来真费劲。 v.苦干，辛苦从事(于……)例：toil at/on one?s task辛苦工作

vicarious a. ①代理的，代表的;代理人的例：vicarious authority代理的职权 *②(想象别人的苦乐等而)产生同感或共鸣的例：He got a vicarious thrill out ofwatching his son score the winning goal.他看到儿子射入致胜一球时，也同样感到欣喜若狂。

语篇分析

本文题材涉及青少年教育。作者介绍了现在十分时兴的“学业间断年”现象，先分析它存在的问题，然后提出实现一个有意义的学业间断年的方法。这是一篇现象解释型文章，按照“提出现象―解释现象―提出建议”的脉络展开论述，可以分成三大部分。

第一段为第一部分，提出现象，引入话题。

以父母为切入点，间接提出一种现象：学业间断年。一方面，由于学业间断年存在着危机，家庭需要给予孩子各方面的支持。另一方面，父母从孩子身上感受到了一种新的生活方式(vicarious living)，他们看到孩子们①变得更坚强(become tougher);②为大学生活作了更充分的准备(more prepared to benefit fromuniversity);③打算做除了获得学历之外的事情(do something other than a degree)。

第二、三段为第二部分，解释现象，分析学业间断年现象的现状及存在的问题。

第二段：内容上分成了两个部分。第一部分指出学业间断年现在很流行，其表现是：组织团体和公司增多。其原因是：①威廉王子的宣传效应;②经过十年的发展声势逐渐强大。第二部分从with this trend, however... 开始，指出学业间断年的潜在问题之一：父母干预孩子的成长。其具体表现为：父母组织并资助间断年期间的活动(start organizing and paying forthe gaps)。其原因是：受公司宣传的影响，以为这个阶段对孩子未来的学业和就业都非常重要。

第三段：延续第二段后面部分的内容，引用专家(Richard Oliver)的观点，指出学业间断年存在的第二大问题：缺乏周密的计划(poor planning)。其表现是：健康问题、从未离开过家、期望与现实不符。解决方法：做好审慎的准备(thoughtful preparation)。

第四、五段为第三部分，提出建议，即让年轻人自己来组织和安排学业间断年。

第四段：首先提出要让学业间断年具有意义，就应该让年轻人独立地做自己喜欢做的事情(the school leaver gets to do the thing thathe or she fancies)。接着从反面论证父母的安排不利于孩子真正成熟，该部分举了两个例子说明。最后再次重申，行动的安排者应该是学生自己。

第五段列举了两个例子，比较度过学业间断年的两种不同方式――由父母安排或者自己独立安排，从而支持了第四段的观点。

试题命制分析

针对上文的分析，我们可以命制以下几种题型，从而考查考生的多种阅读技能。

1. 事实细节题

(1) 针对第一段可以考查父母在学业间断年的收获，参见考试题16;也可以间接考查孩子们在学业间断年的收获，如：以下哪项是经历学业间断年的学生产生的变化?[A]更成熟、更坚强;[B]就业目的更明确;[C]更轻松地完成大学学业;[D]与父母之间关系更融洽。(答案：[A])

(2) 可以考查学业间断年一般从事的活动，如，以下哪项不是学业间断年做的事情?[A]修建学校;[B]远途旅行;[C]教学工作;[D]慈善捐款。(答案：[D])

(3) 针对第二段“学业间断年时兴的原因”和“父母主动安排学业间断年的原因”考查因果细节。另外，由于第二段涉及细节较多，也可以综合考查，参见试题17。

(4) 综合第二段和第三段，可以综合考查学业间断年出现的问题，参见试题19。

2. 推理引申题

(1) 根据第一段倒数第二句We all wish... ，可以考查推理家长们看待学业间断年的态度。如：[A]积极支持;[B]坚决反对;[C]不明确;[D]既不支持也不反对。(答案：[A])

(2) 针对第二段有关威廉王子的例子，可以考查推理作者的写作意图。

(3) 针对最后一段的两个例子，可以考查推理作者举例的目的，也可以考查推理作者认为实现有意义的学业间断年的方法。参见试题20。

3. 语言知识题。

(1) 考查第一段超纲词vicarious在上下文中的含义。

(2) 考查第二段packages一词的熟词僻义。参见试题18。

试题精解

16.从第一段可推知经历学业间断年的学生的父母可能――。

[A]帮助孩子准备迎接灾难

[B]从孩子那里得到各种支持

[C]在抚养孩子方面有丰富的经验

[D]经历了看着孩子成长的过程

[精解]答案D本题考查推理引申。第一段论述了经历学业间断年的孩子的父母的感受，包括两个方面：一是由于这个时期的学生需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助，因此父母可能有帮助孩子成熟起来的美好经历;二是父母间接的感受，即看着孩子们变得更坚强，自己做决定，从而成长。由此可知，[D]项是父母可能经历的。[A]项中出现了原文中的disaster，但含义不同。第一段第二句中disasters指的是“困难，危机”，是下文提到的“孩子需要家庭给予帮助”造成的。[B]项与第一段第二句含义相反。第三句提到，父母有帮助孩子成熟起来的美好经历，而非[C]项中的rich experience(经验丰富)。

17.根据文章，下面哪个说法正确?

[A]学业间断年的普及是因为慈善机构数目的增长造成的。

[B]威廉王子在他的学业间断年期间努力工作。

[C]现在学业间断年不像十年前那样普及了。

[D]一个精心安排的学业间断年是大学成功的保证。

[精解]答案B本题考查事实细节。第二段首句提到，学业间断年现在很时兴，反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长。[A]项错在将表现归为原因。第二句提到，威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情(对间断年的流行)发挥了作用。由此可推出[B]项正确。第三句提到，(间断年普及的)趋势十年来一直在加强。因此排除[C]项。第二段后半部分谈到“学业间断年的时兴”带来的隐患，即一些父母相信公司的介绍，认为精心安排的间断年对于孩子未来的求学、就业都很重要。因此[D]项是一些公司的宣传及部分家长的错误看法。

18.第二段第三行的单词packages的含义是――。

[A]旅行中带的包裹

[B]一套综合的活动

[C]用特殊方式呈现出来的东西

[D]慈善行动

[精解]答案B本题考查词义。词义的确定依赖上下文。上文中gap一词多次出现，指“学业间断”，下文提到一系列活动，即背包旅行、和慈善团体一起工作、修建医院和学校、做语言助教教英语。因此gap packages指学业间断期间学生从事的多种活动。[D]项没有包括所有的活动，应选[B]项。

19.什么可能造成学业间断年出现问题?

[A]父母的干预。[B]公司的不负责任。

[C]没有保险。[D]期望过低。

[精解]答案A第二段后半部分论述了随着学业间断年的普及而带来的一个隐患，即父母以为好的间断年可以决定孩子未来的的求学和就业，因此会主动安排孩子的间断年，甚至出钱。显然，这么做妨碍了孩子独立的成长。[A]项是造成问题的原因。第三段提到另外一个问题是计划不周，其表现有：健康问题(medical)、从未离开过家、期望与现实不符。[B]和[C]出现了原文中的词语company和insurance，但其含义与原文已有很大出入;文中只提到“期望与现实不符”，[D]中“过低”一词无从推知。

20.18岁的年轻人被认为度过了有意义的学业间断年，当他/她――。

[A]达到父母的期望

[B]无所事事

[C]通过花父母的钱学会技能

[D]自己谋生并获得工作经验

[精解]答案D本题考查推理引申。第四段首句提到，学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。第四段后面部分进一步进行阐述。由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，并不能使孩子真正成熟。无所事事的行为也没有收获。行动的安排者应是学生自己。第五段举了两个截然不同的例子，前者遵照父母的安排，后者自食其力。因此，[D]项符合题意。

全文翻译

与度过了充满刺激的学业间断年的孩子的父母交谈，他们的眼神中会有一种含糊不清的东西。这一年中有一些危机，即使是目的明确、很有条理的学生，在间断年期间也需要家庭从经济上、情感上和体力上给予帮助。父母眼中的含糊不仅仅是因为让他们的孩子成熟起来的美好经历，也是因为他们自己间接感受到的生活方式。我们多希望大学前的间断年在我们那个时代就已经很时兴了。现在，我们能看着孩子们变得更坚强，更好地准备从上大学中有所收获或者积极地决定他们将做一些除了获得学历之外的事情。

学业间断年现在很时兴，这反映在提供它们的慈善团体和私人公司的数目呈巨额增长上。威廉王子在智利吃苦的照片发挥了作用，但这种趋势十年来一直在加强。学业间断年期间的一整套活动从背包旅行开始，包括和慈善团体一起工作，修建医院和学校，以及常见的做语言助教教英语。然而，随着这种趋势而来的也有危险。一旦父母相信那些学业间断年公司介绍的内容，认为精心安排的一个间断年对于想成为本科生的孩子进入更好的大学、获得高学历、得到令人印象深刻的简历和待遇良好的工作是至关重要的，那么他们就会开始组织并资助间断年期间的活动。

按照学业间断年公司综合机构“走出学业间断年团体”的负责人理查德奥利弗埃的观点，出现问题往往是因为计划不周。他说，“这可能是公司或学生的责任，但是最保险的方法是作好审慎的准备。当人们把它搞砸时，往往是因为健康问题，尤其是女孩，因为她们从未离开过家，或者期望与现实不符”。

学业间断年的意义在于它应该是离校生开始做自己喜欢做的事情的时候。如果由父母来决定孩子怎样成熟，那么他们不会真地变成熟。如果18岁时变成熟的方式是在伦敦汉普斯泰德石南园中无所事事地晒太阳，或者花上一年时间和康沃尔郡的渔夫一起工作，那么对于后者来说将是有所收获的。然而，多数人还是认为进行某种安排是有利的，而且行动的安排者应是学生自己。

如果18岁的年轻人两周前得到父母的通知，被送去加拿大花5,800英镑学习成为一名滑雪教练，回来后可能只会留下很少的感觉。同样的18岁的年轻人，先通过工作赚钱，再用一年中剩下的时间在从新西兰到瑞士的多个避暑胜地执教，回来后申请大学，这样的经历则是完全不同的积极的做法。

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