随堂语法小练习之冠词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)

下面是小编整理的随堂语法小练习之冠词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)，本文共13篇，希望对大家有所帮助。

随堂语法小练习之冠词

33. We were shocked to hear the news that two Chinese engineers were shot to death in Pakistan. Worse still, third one died in hospital afterwards.

A. /; a B. the ; the C. the ; a D. / ; the

21． experiment took as five months and turned out great success.

A．The; 不填 B．不填; a C．The ;a D．The; the

15．-What’s your impression of the city?

-Oh, what different Tangshan! It isn’t I saw last.

A．不填；the one B．a; the one C．a; one D．不填; one

21. As some experts say, shopping by television will never take place of shopping in stores, because many people find shopping at a store great enjoyment.

A. 不填；a B. the; a C. a; the D. a; 不填

21. Mobile text messaging has become _________ second most popular way of exchanging New Year and Christmas greetings, according to ________ research which is given by the Social Science Institute of Shanghai, China.

A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. /, the

6. In memory of China’s Youth’s Day, __________ celebration evening took place on our campus. It was __________ success.

A．a; / B．the; the C．a; a D．the; a

28．Tommy, it’s bad manners to blow your nose at table.

A．/, the B．a, the C．/, / D．a, /

21. As we all know, Australia is considered to be _________ great sporting nation and __________ most Australians owe their love for sport to perfect conditions for it

A. a; 不填; the B. the; the; the C. the; the; 不填 D. a; 不填

21. When we want to find ________ certain information in a text quickly， we scan ______ text for key words and phrases， dates， numbers， etc.

A. the; a B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /

21．He likes ____music so much that I think it right to buy him____MP3 as____birthday present．

A．the; an; a B．不填；an; the C．不填；an; a D．the ; a ; a

24. -I hear that Tony was seriously injured in an accident the other day.

-Yes, ______ news came as ______ shock to all of us.

A. the; theB. a; 不填C. the; aD. 不填; a

21. -Which city will be host city for the next Olympic Cames?

-London.

A. aB. /C. theD. an

21．-Have you seen toothpaste?

-Isn’t it on sink?

A．the ;a B．不填;the C．the; the D．不填; a

28. Companies in Zhongguancun all have their own characteristics, but they all share _______ spirit of creativity and scientific skill that have made Zhongguancun ________ success.

A. the; a B. 不填; a C. the; 不填 D. a; a

21. It is announced that _____ $20,000 reward will be offered for ______ return of the stolen sculpture.

A. a; the B. 不填; the C. a; a D.不填；a

随堂语法小练习之口语交际

21、-I really like the record you lent me.

-_________.

A．My pleasure B．I’m glad you like it

C．Thank you D．Not at all

22. -- Julia, let's meet on the beach this afternoon.

-- ________ In this weather?

A. It's a pleasure. B. Are you kidding? C. Is that so? D. What fun]

21. -Thank you for your mp4. I'll return it as soon as I can.

-______. I've got a new one from my uncle.

A. Nothing serious B. No hurry C. With pleasure D. Nothing much

30. ---- Hi, Sandy. I’d like to invite you to dinner on Friday evening. Can you come?

---- Well, A friend of mine might come to see me.

A. it’s my pleasure. B. it depends. C. really? D. of course not

35. － Here, your new computer is ready.

－ Thank you.

－ ________ to call this number if you have any problems.

A. You’re free B. It is free C. Feel free D. Don’t forget

3 --- I wonder if you could give me a lift ?

--- ________ .

A With pleasure B It’s my pleasure C You’re welcome D A piece of cake

22. -- Are you finishing your task?

-- _________.We need no less than three hours more.

A. Far from it B. Exactly C. Not a little D. No wonder

24.--Wow! Jenny, I still owe you for the film ticket yesterday.

--________.

A. Forget it B. No problem C. Don’t mention it D.Take it easy

35.-He eventually realized hisown fault and wanted to reform.

--_______.

A. It’s shopping a dry well. B. It never rains but it pours

C. Better safe than sorry D. Never too late to mend

23．－The combination of Chinese culture and modern technologies will make the Beijing Olympics a special event．

－ _________．

A．Good idea B．That’s all right C．It’s fun D．I couldn’t agree more

35. -Look at the noisy kids!

-Haven’t you heard the saying “_________.”?

A. There’s plenty of fish in the sea B. All that glitters is not gold

C. When the cat is away, the mice will play

D. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

34．-The moon cake is really delicious. Can I have another piece?

- _____

A．You can. B．Behave yourself. C．Be my guest! D．Do it yourself.

21. --Hello. Is Mr. Fred available now?

-- ____________.

A. I am Mr. Fred. B. Speaking. C. Who are you? D. Who are you looking for?

33．-Shouldn’t someone go and pick up the clothes at the laundry? They were ready three hours ago.

-

A．It’s very kind of you. B．Don’t look at me ,Mom!

C．Thanks anyway. D．Sounds good.

22. -- Could i use your dictionary ?

-- Yes, ________.

A. you could B. by all means C. you have got it D. I'm using it myself

随堂语法小练习之定语从句

23. Modem teaching equipment as well as tens of computers ________ sent to the village school ________ I once worked

A.were ; which B. was; which C. was; where D. were ; where

33. I feel uncomfortable each time I remember the situation ____________ Mary didn't agree with me ___________ the matter

A. that: at B. in which; over C. which; about D. where; to

27．I'm glad to introduce Mr. Smith to you, without consideration our project would

have ended in failure．

A．whom B．his C．whose D．who

31．According to the report，as many as 50 percent of patients do not take medicine

directed， has drawn doctors' attention．

A．when；it B．as；what C．that；and D．as；which

35. Our town has been added to these years. It is no longer ________ it was 15 years ago, ________ it was poor and untidy.

A. what; which B. that; which C. which; that D. what; when

32. Most teachers believe language acquisition is a process ________ skills are more important than grammar rules.

A. on which B. whose C. what D. in which

18．The science of computer， rapid progress has been made in recent years，is the most important of all science．

A．which B．with which C．in which D．to which

23. The key to the success of any film is finding a capable and qualified artistic director, _______ I always hope to be.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

34. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, helps patients recover faster.

A. this B. that C. which D. where

35. The farmer used wood to build a house to store grain.

A. with which B. in which C. which D. where

35. The local government is now Planning to locate a flew entertainment center______ most of the retired are living．

A．which B．in which C．where D．around which

26. The view _______ many scientists hold is _______ too much emission of carbon dioxide is

destructive.

A. which; which B. that; that C. that; which D. what; that

29．TV – Turnoff Week, millions of people around the world participate every year, tries to encourage people to turn on life.

A．in which B．on which

C．which D．when

29. Language can't be separated from its cultural background, might include songs, poetry, stories and everyday conversation.

A. what B. whose C. that D. which

8. The chickens will provide us ________ feathers, ________ we can make use for cleaning the table and benches.

A. with ; with B. with ; of which C. of ; which D. of ; from which

随堂语法小练习之名词性从句

27. worried the doctors most was they could find the cause of the disease.

A. What; how B. That; that C. What; what D. How; what

29.____ is it ____ has made Tom ____ he is today.

A. What, that, that B. That, that, what C. What, what, that D. What, that, what

24. It’s not surprising, with the huge popularity of the movie Pairates of the Caribbean, ________ two more have been produced.

A. which B.what C. so D. That

23. - So you haven’t read the information form?

- ________ makes the matter worse is that I don’t have a single copy.

A. It B. What C. That D. Which

34．After five years of preparation, Shanghai presented the world many said was the greatest Special Olympics.

A．when B．what C．where D．which

17．An idea suddenly came to J.K. Rolling she could write a book about people living in the magic world.

A．if B．when C．that D．which

24. breaks the law should be punished.

A. Those who B. Anyone who C. No matter who D. Whoever

29. The Olympic Games hold the idea matters is not winning but participating.

A. that it B. what it C. that what D. what that

33. This year's production in our factory is five times ____________ it was ten years ago.

A. than B. as C. that D. what

7. The question has not been answered __________ Taiwan will be included on the Olympic torch relay route.

A．that B．whether C．which D．if

31. The time is not far away _________ information will be made known _________ more workers will be trained for their jobs.

A. until; which B. when; that C. before; that D. as; which

29．The expert insisted that silkworms were first raised by a woman in is now Hebei Province.

A．which B．that C．where D．what

25. Desertification， the name for ______ happens when farmable land is turned into desert， is a growing world problem.

A. which B. where C. what D. how

32．These children are wild. I feel sorry for had to be their babysitter.

A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever

33．There are signs reading classics is becoming more popular with students.

A．which B．that C．whether D．when

随堂语法小练习之状语从句

31．-Jennifer, would you take a picture for us?

-Sorry, I take pictures, they usually come out dull.

A．before B．until C．when D．since

34．Despite the great success of Chang’e-1, experts say, it will be at least ten years our astronauts can land on the moon.

A．while B．before C．since D．until

34. It wasn't long ______ Lisa arrived and we went in together.

A. afterB. whenC. beforeD. until

33．He had his camera ready, just he saw something that would make a good picture.

A．ever since B．as if

C．even though D．in case

29. --- Why didn’t you buy the dictionary?

--- _______ it may be of great use, I don’t think it good value for money.

A. Before B. As C. While D. Since

29．He was told that it would be at least three more months he could recover and return to work.

A．before B．when C．since D．that

28．-You won’t go to Kathy’s wedding party, will you?

-Yes, invited.

A．even if B．if C．unless D．as

25. - Our holiday cost a lot of money.

- Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter you cnjoyed yourselves.

A. unless B. as far as C. as long as D. until

16．I had just finished doing my examination papers the bell rang.

A．when B．while C．before D．after

9. there is enough food in the world for everybody, not everyone can afford to buy it.

A．While B．Even if C．Unless D．When

27. The company has a free long-distance telephone number consumers can call with any questions they have about the products.

A. unless B. even though C. as if D. so that

27. The project won't carry on _____ we can get financial aid from the government.

A. unless B. though C. whether D. until

32. ---- School is not the only place one can study.

----You are quite right. you are ready to learn you can gain knowledge and skills everywhere.

A. which ; Once B. what ; Now that C. where ; As long as D. that ; Even if

26. -What’s going on between you and Mike?

-We had a fight. I thought of him as my trustworthy friend _____, to my shock, he gave me away.

A. unless B. since C. for D. until

6 I was about to the party ______ I realized that I had to complete my project .

A while B since C as D when

随堂语法小练习之情态动词

19 With the problem solved , Tom ________ worry about it any longer .

A should need B did not need to C had to need D could not need

22. -It’s seven o’clock already . Mary be home by now .

-Oh , I forgot to tell you that she was going to a party and wouldn’t be home until 10.

A. must B. should C. might D. could

26. Look at the blue sky! -- It be fine this afternoon.

A. can B. ought to C. might D. has to

34. -Are you coming to the musical of the 42nd Avenue from Broadway ?

-I'm not sure. I ______ go to see a movie, instead.

A. must B. would C. might D. should ,

22. More than 4o percent of citizens are unhappy with public services, which ______ alarm bells ringing in some local governments, so related departments ______ pay attention to this survey.

A. will set ; must B. has set ; should C. had set ; can D. is setting ; need

24. － Why are most of us unable to study English well, Mr. Li?

－ You ______. But you ______ too little attention to it.

A. could; pay B. will; attach C. would; refer D. can; devote

26．- Can I pay the bill by check?

- Sorry, sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment _____ be made in cash.

A．shall B．need C．will D．can

31. Being physically examined for free twice a year is what every clerk _______ be ensured in any company of the state.

A. must B. shall C. ought to D. need

29. But for these interruptions, the meeting _________ have finished earlier.

A. should B. would C. will D. must

29．Everybody is expected to be vigorous and responsible. In no case take drugs.

A．must they B．could they C．they should D．they may

27．-I thought you were going to call me last night about the plans for the conference.

-Sorry ,I ,But Tom and Jane stopped by and stayed until midnight.

A．must have B．can’t have C．might do D．should have

32. -- What did you do in the mountain village last winter?

-- Whenever possible I go out and paint some pictures with my brother.

A. should B. might C would D. could

30. －________ I have a word with you, Miss Smith?

－Oh dear, if you must.

A. Can B. Could C. Must D. Should

31．You _________ have written so long an article．The teacher said 100 words would be enough．

A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．wouldn’t

22. it's hard to say what kind of person he is. Sometimes he is very friendly; at other times he ____ be very cold.

A. can B. must C. will D. shall

随堂语法小练习之非谓语动词

29. On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden, weather_________.

A. permits B. permit C. permitting D. permitted

32. ___________ on the MSN, some people often use '88' for 'good-bye'.

A. When chat B. When chatting C. When chatted D. When to chat

27．-She didn’t speak to me yesterday .She was unhappy.

-Well ,she seemed to about it .

A．have been told B．be told C．having been told. D．being told.

31．The sale usually takes place outside the house ,with the audience on benches ,chairs or boxes.

A．having seated B．seating C．seated D．being seated

25. The gesture, _____ the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a call” in Brazil.

A. moves B. moved, C. moving D. to move

24. ________the film so many times, I don’t need to see or hear it _______ what is happening now on the screen.

A. Seeing ; knowing B. Having seen ; to know

C. To have seen ; to know D. To see ; knowing

28. “I won’t have it _______ that we are responsible for Mr. Wang’s death in the accident. It’s unfair!” the director told reporters.

A. said B. saying C. to say D. says

29. This is a strange and confusing age. We’ve been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street the new neighbour.

A. meeting B. to meet C. having met D. to have met

33. With too many construction projects all the strength out of the economy, people of the small country complained a lot.

A. sucking B. to suck C. being sucked D. being sucking

32. The man denied any thing at the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.

A. to have stolen B. having been stealing C. having stolen D. to steal

29．I’m sorry，but I didn’t see how we can get all this work you assigned_______ by next Tuesday．

A．having done B．done C．being done D．to do

31．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have_______ right from wrong．

A．distinguished B．to distinguish C．distinguishing D．to be distinguished

29. _______ by the heavy snowfalls, Chenzhou, a city in South China, was cut off from the outside, _______ water and delectricity shortagel.

A. Having struck ; facing B. Having struck ; faced C. Struck ; facing D. Struck ; faced

33. Learning Peking Opera in schools is intended ______ the traditional cultural treasure.

A. to preserving B. to preserve C. to have preserved D. preserving

25. At the age of 94, the old lady spends most of her time lost in thought, in a wheelchair at home.

A. sat B. sitting C. to sit D. having sit

随堂语法小练习之动词时态和语态

21．一Let’s discuss the question raised last night．shall we?

一There is no hurry for that. I _______ for a conference．

A．headed B．was heading C．am heading D．have headed

29．Until tens of years ago，most zoos _______ in such a way-animals in one area and birds in another．

A．were organized B．had organized

C．will organize D．have been organized

26. --- Sorry to interrupt you. Please go on.

--- Where was I?

--- You ________ you didn't like going to college in Hongkong.

A. had been saying B. had said C. said D. were saying

23．-Can we meet tomorrow afternoon?

-Not in the afternoon ,I’m afraid. I .

A．will be working B．am going to work

C．am about to work D．will work

24. Tens of millions of people in the United States ________ by the storm by 2:00 pm last Monday.

A. have been affected B. had been affected C. have affected D. had affected

8. Glad to see you back. How long ________ in Russia?

A. did you stay B. have you stayed

C. were you staying D. have you been staying

22. I ________ in Shanghai for a week on business. It was really warm there.

A. was B. have been C. had been D. have gone

13．Private cars，as the product of modern civilization, an important role in people's daily life．

A．played B．had played

C．have been playing D．plays

34. ---- Did you attend Tom’s birthday party at the Grand Hotel?

---- I wish I _______. I _______ an English lecture in the school hall.

A. have ; gave B. did ; have given C. do ; had given D. had ; was giving

24. My headache is killing me. I it away. But now it’s getting worse and worse.

A. think; is going B. thought; was going C. have thought; is going D. had thought; was going

31. So far, scientists about 1.8 million living species(物种), and that just a small number of what probably exists on Earth.

A. had named; was B. had named; is C. have named; has been D. have named; is

27. -Why! Where’s my mobile phone? Maybe I left it on the plane.

-My goodness! You things behind.

A. haven’t left B. didn’t leave C. had never left D. never leave

27．------Did Alice enjoy the concert held in Xi Yuan Theater yesterday?

------Yes．she did．She ________ such an excellent concert for a long time．

A．didn’t take part in B．wouldn’t take part in

C．hasn’t been in D．hadn’t been in

27. --My car _________ twice this month.

--I'm sorry to hear that.

A. has been broken in B. was broken in

C. has been broken into D. was broken into

30. --I hope you've read the instructions.

--Yes, of course _______.

A. I did B. I will C. I do D. I have

随堂语法小练习之代词

28. --Tom and Mary got married last month.

--Are you kidding? They have _________ in common.

A. anything. B. something C. nothing D. everything

34. The pollution caused by industrial waste is more serious than ________ of organic farming.

A. one B. it C. any D. that

23．Are there any books on animal cloning ?If so ,I want to borrow .

A．them B．one C．it D．that

24. Going to America tbr thrther study is a good chance, ________ I have been looking forward to, and I prefer ________ to be no doubt that this chance will belong to me

A. it: it B. that ; which C. one :there D. the one; it

34．－Why are you crying?

－I just can’t help ____________.

A．to B．that C．it D．so

25．It’s a little surprising that a house made of wood or bamboo may stay up in an earthquake

while ______ made of steel and concrete may fall down.

A．one B．that C．it D．what

23. Chinese think less of money when _________ comes to educating their children.

A. one B. he C. that D. it

24. -- Have you ever heard of the new brand of computer, Miller?

--Yes, of course but I haven't decided whether to buy _______.

A. it B. one C. this D. that

33. I would appreciate ______ if you could give me a lift to the Lakefront School.

A. that B. it C. you D. one

25．Though he was always finding excuses of one sort or _____ for his being absent from work, none of us would believe him．

A．the other B．others C．another D．some other

22. ---Anything wrong?

---There was no objection on the part of ________ present.

A. this B. those C. these D. who

28．一Can I help you?

--I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday，______ at a proper price but of great use．

A．that B．one C．anyone D．everything

22．-Haven’t seen you all for ages! all right?

-Not good. We’ve got problems with sales.

A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing

31. Furniture made of wood is certainly more expensive than ________ made of other materials.

A. it B. one C. those D. that

23．The editor-in-chief asked me to write another article for them, about how to prevent bird flu.

A．that B．one C．it D．what

随堂语法小练习之形容词和副词

24．These people were mentioned at the meeting， ，Tom，Helen and Brown．

A．specially B．especially C．simply D．namely

25．On the top of the mountain we saw that the scenery Was very and We simply couldn't tear ourselves away．

A．eye-catching B．mind-reading C．heart-attacking D．interest-attracting

26．------It is useless trying to help Jack with his maths．He is so poor at it．

------I know，but is he _______ better at it now?

A．much B．little C．even D．any

32. --- What did you think of her oral English?

--- I was very ______.

A. impressed B. inspired C. addictive D. admirable

25. There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.

A. contract B. contrast C. content D. contact

---Well, it’s a bit too large. Do you have this coat in ____ size?

A．the smaller B．a smaller C．a smallest D．a small

32．Julian packed all the things into a suitcase, ____.

A．being anxiously to leave B．to be anxious to leave

C．anxious to leave D．be anxious to leave

24．Dennis ,if you are late again, I’ll phone your parents .I’m ,you know.

A．serious B．careful C．true D．promising

22.Tell me, Mr. Mentakis, was Mrs. Smith one of your_______ cusomers?

A. regular B. common C. average D. usual

28．－Is it safe enough to stand here．Morn?

－No，come a bit _______ to me，honey．

A．close B．closely C．closer D．more closely

30．It is generally believed that a successful Olympic Games _____ relies on well-performed IT

services.

A．largely B．narrowly C．badly D．simply

29. Personally I prefer to stay up _______ at night, but not _______ I'll have to drive to work the next day.

A. deeply, while B. deep, unless C. far, because D. late, when

31. --Have you looked through the plan?

--Not yet. This plan is _________ careful consideration.

A. short of B. fond of C. proud of D. worthy of

22．－Do you think the weather is good enough for an outing?

－Yes, you couldn’t hope for ___________ at the time of the year.

A．the nicer day B．a nicer day C．the nicest day D．a nice day

26. With some snow on top of it the yellow Mountain looked fantastic this winter. Actually, I doubt whether we could visit ______ mountain in China.

A. a most beautiful B. the most beautiful

C. a more beautiful D. a beautiful

随堂语法小练习之短语动词

27. That was indeed a silly trap, but why were so many so-called smartest ?

A. taken on B. taken in C. taken off D. taken out

31. In Britain today women 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.

A. hold up B. build up C. account for D. consist of

5 The socks are so ________ that they can’t be mended any moe .

A used up B worn up C tired out D broken out

17 I wrote a letter of complaint , and the airline has promised to _______ the matter .

A look through B look into C look at D look for

32. Memories of her staying with the host family in China often _______to the mind of the Italian exchange student.

A. come back B. call up C. hold back D. bring up

28. The young couple are always arguing recently. Constant arguing doesn't ________ a happy marriage.

A. get across B. attend to C. make for D. make up

26．None of us expected the chairman to_____at the party, we thought he was still in hospital．

A．turn in B．turn over C．turn down D．turn up

35．Environmental groups intend to the pressure until the government changes the law.

A．keep up B．make up C．pick up D．bring up

26. - If we take a plane, we’ll of course have arrived in Paris by the next weekend.

- Don’t be sure, we should the weather factor. What shall we do if it is foggy?

A. leave alone B. allow for

C. look over D. take advantage of

15. Nicolas Sarkozy became the first president whose marriage ____________ during his term of presidency in French history.

A. broke up B. broke down C. broke off D. broke out

32. The further falling of the stock market as reported today has a fresh wave of selling.

A. set off B. given off C. put off D. got off

26. -How did it that you made such a silly mistake?

-I myself haven’t figured it out yet.

A. bring about B. come about C. come across D. come on

9．If you carry on working like this, you’ll sooner or later.

A．break up B．break away C．break down D．break in

2. Little Sam couldn’t _________ how to print out the papers until the teacher showed it to him.

A. go through B. come up C. figure out D. get over

29. Don’t you think he has said something that ______ you especially?

A. appeals to B. applies for C. brings up D. gets across

随堂语法小练习之介词

21. The boy has an amazing appetite ________ American country music.

A. to B. on C. with D. for

34.The sports meet,originally __________ be held last Friday, was finally delayed because of the bad weather.

A.due to B. thanks to C. owing to D. according to

23．Our opinions on language learning differ greatly each other’s in that respect.

A．at B．by C．for D．from

21．____________ his arrival at the airport, he was arrested by ____________ police.

A．By; the B．In; a C．On; the D．With; 不填

28．Whit the development of its economy, Beijing has changed recognition in the last five years.

A．without B．beyond C．over D．with

31. ______ further information, please write to the following address.

A. InB. ForC. WithD. On

22．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism the wildlife in the area.

A．in B．on C．at D．with

22．She was sleeping on the sofa, the television on.

A．with B．for C．over D．through

25. The boat will not arrive ________ twenty hours.

A. for B. at C. in D. by

24. – The fellow has been suspected _________ e- mail fraud.

-- Nowadays cybercrime is developing __________ an amazing rate.

A. from; at B. about; in C. of; with D. of; at

24．A wide range of postcards and other souvenirs are _______ sale in the visitors’ center.

A．on B．at C．in D．of

6．Most of the audience wondered what idea a man who is deaf from birth can have music.

A．with B．in C．of D．to

7. Don’t trouble such a little boy! Such a problem is _______ his understanding.

A. over B. beyond C. at D. behind

29. The exercise is so difficult that it is the abilities of most of the class.

A. outside B. beyond C. above D. across

31. － Can I get the house cheaper?

－ Sorry, it’s ______ my power to sell it any cheaper.

A. without B. except C. beyond D. out

随堂语法小练习之动词

28. － Do you think John is coming to attend the lecture?

－ Sure. I have ______ him to.

A. advised B. suggested C. persuaded D. supposed

29. Juventus_________two goals in the last ten minutes.

A. achieved B. managed C. succeeded D. challenged

24．Unless all his demands were ________，he would refuse to sign the agreement，he insisted．

A．met B．permitted C．allowed D．replied

29．A young woman was found dead in her own apartment and the police _____ murder.

A．charged B．doubted C．suspected D．considered

34．The story that follows two athletes who have been accused of taking excitant.

A．concerns B．states C．relates D．refers

24．Grades would from one or two ,for outstanding or excellent ,to six or seven ,for poor or very poor.

A．suffer B．differ C．come D．range

32．These shoes don’t any more. I’ve grown out of them.

A．match B．suit C．fit D．wear

27. My Chinese host was always putting delicious food onto my plate as soon as I ________ it.

A. finished B. got C. emptied D. eaten

33. A strong-willed person may ________ the targets he or she set for themselves whatever they are.

A. obtain B. complete C. concentrate D. reach

27. We are asking people to _______ goods from companies that use child labour.

A. refuse B. resist C. reject D. boycott

31. The secretary was allowed ten more minutes. She ______ her boss’ patience and tried to hurry.

A. sensed B. tolerated C. realized D. understood

27．He didn’t even smile at your joke because he didn’t it.

A．get B．make C．trust D．judge

22. Your desk is crowded with too many unnecessary things. You have to some of them.

A. remain B. resist C. remove D. renew

26. When we have enough confidence and courage, the difficulties we are facing don't _______.

A. need B. count C. meet D. spare

26. George ________ the good chance to present his proposal to the director, and at last, it was adopted.

A. realized B. seized C. delivered D. released

随堂语法小练习之名词

32. At the news conference,the spokesman said,”Keeping the meat price under control is within the ___________ of the governments’s responsibility.”

A. field B.limit C. extent D. range

27. As a public _______, Yao Ming knows what to do in face of this kind of thing.

A. character B. figure C. person D. opinion

21. We should read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.

A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions

26. Let's make a list of speakers that we'll invite to our meeting, in order of ____________.

A. preference B. devotion C. habit D. interest

17. Even if you take the matter to the judge, you have no chance of winning the ________.

A. thing B. question C. problem D. case

34．Although there were several problems in reaching this target, the was highly successful.

A．result B．outcome C．effect D．cause

22．It’s important for us to use a word or phrase according to the __________ in language studies.

A．situation B．translation C．expression D．condition

25. Each of us is likely to develop a personal _______ for certain types of entertainment.

A. preference B. interest C. habit D. feature

33．We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.

A．way B．possibility C．choice D．selection

30．Because of the heavy rain, the sport meeting has been put off until further .

A．message B．information C．notice D．news

21．The of Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics and People’s Olympics will allow Beijing to become the focal point for tourists from across the globe.

A．theme B．purpose C．task D．brand

32．She is in a poor _______ of health, which worries her mother a lot.

A．position B．situation C．state D．condition

27. He spoke for quite a long time, but he threw no on the main point.

A. excuse B. doubt C. light D. detail

25. -- Does that make any _______?

-- Yes, it matters a great deal.

A. matter B. sense C. difference D. meaning

29. Ladies and gentlemen. Let's keep the meeting short and to _________ so as not to waste

the everyone's time.

A. opinion B. note C. key D. point

随堂语法小练习之短语

24. ________doing more exercise to lose weight, many teenagers would rather be a couch potato. A. Instead of B. As a result of C. In spite of D. Regardless of

29. I can _____ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.

A. put up with B. get rid of C. have effects on D. keep away from

14 You’d better take some clothes with you _______ a sudden change of weather .

A in favour of B in honour of C in case of D in memory of

29．Excuse me，I can’t _______ you．Could you please slow down a bit?

A．look up to B．keep up with C．1ive up to D．come up with

27. The weather in London is so changeable that people always take their umbrellas with them _________ rain.

A. for fear of B. in need of C. in spite of D. because of

32. －Although she sometimes loses her temper, her students like her no less.

－That’s it. _________, she is really a good teacher.

A. At all B. In all C. Above all D. After all

30. Research shows that people feel unhappy and worried when they have nothing to do. , the happiest are those who are busy.

A. In short B. In fact C. As a result D. For one thing

22. ________ achievement, last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low, though not failing, grade.

A. In terms of B. In case of C. As a result of D. In face of

23. This story, is very fascinating ; there are many interesting characters in it.

A. on the whole B. on earth C. in no time D. out of the question

33．She was over the age limit and , her application for the job was rejected.

A．as a result B．in conclusion C．worse still D．what’s more

30. The village was badly struck by the rare flood last night. The villagers were badly

food and shelter.

A. in charge of B. in possession of C. in want of D. in face of

24．A Chinese satellite is expected to orbit Mars in , _________ an agreement the country signed with Russia on Monday.

A．instead of B．in spite of C．as a result D．thanks to

5. The government work report by Premier Wen covers a variety of issues, and the prices of agricultural products____________.

A．in common B．in general C．in particular D．in practice

22. - She will, get into trouble.

- I agree, I hope she will get rid of her bad habits.

A. more or less B. here and there C. sooner or later D. just so so

10．On their arrival, they found the people suffering the quake were ______ food and water supplies.

A．in praise of B．in honor of C．in face of D．in want of

随堂语法小练习之句型结构

34. , the mountain climbers conquered Mount Qomolangma in the end.

A．As the difficulty was great B．Great as the difficulty was

C．Great difficulty as it was D．The difficulty was great

24. The key is that, full your schedule is, only when you try really hard always fit some more things in it.

A. no matter how ; can you B. no matter what ; can you

C. however ; you can D. whatever ; can you

25. － I hear Tom ______ playing games recently.

－ ______ no wonder he is easy to feel sleepy in class.

A. is addicted to; There is B. addicts; There is

C. addicts; It is D. is addicted to; It is

29. I have been working there for 15 years, and never before _______ my boss so serious!

A. I found B. I have found C. did I find D. have I found

7 --- The curtain was opened and out ________ .

--- Do you know who ________ ?

A came the host ; was he B came the host ; he was

C the host came ; was he D the host came ; he was

33．________ , I could not memorize the text．

A．However hard did I try B．However hard I tried

C．However I tried hard D．However I had tried hard

34. I don' t think a warm winter always has a negative influence on our life, _______ ?

A. does it B. don't I C. hasn't it D. has it

33 .Only______as an interpreter _______how important it is to grasp English.

A. when did 1 work ; I realized B when I worked ; I realized

C. when did I work; did I realize D. when I worked; did I realize

34．Only those who have experienced hardship _______ well aware of what happiness means．

A．can they be B．they can be C．can be D．they can

28． that all mountain roads were closed.

A．So became the dangerous weather

B．So dangerous did the weather become

C．So dangerous became the weather

D．Dangerous the weather became so

32. -- I don't suppose Jimmy could have done well in the midterm exam last week, ________?

-- ________, he almost failed in the exam.

A. had he; Yes B. did he; No C. do I; Yes D. could he; No

12．-How did you think of the job he did last week?

-Well done．

A．It couldn't have been better B．It should be better

C．It couldn't be worse D．It was worse

34．The bus hit against a tree in the fog and to the deep valley，with ten passengers killed and twenty wounded．

A．down did it roll B．down rolled it C．it down rolled D．down it rolled

29. ____ ,1 have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much

C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much

35. _______ about the milu deer that they decided to go to Dafeng for further research.

A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were D. What a curious couple was

责任编辑：李芳芳

语法专项系列之一

冠词

1. 种类: 定冠词和不定冠词及零冠词.

2. 冠词与可数名词搭配表示类别

有三种: 不定冠词+名词(强调任何一个) , 定冠词+名词(强调整个类属), 名词的复数形式.

3. 在发明物前用the , by + 手段, 方式 不加art. 但用介词on/ over/ through 则加art.

如: on the radio, over a phone, through a newspaper

4. 特定词组中不用冠词

①. turn/ go 后作补语的名词

turn writer/ go socialist = become a writer/ socialist

②. 在 引起的让步状语从句倒装结构中

Child as he is, ----

Hero as he was, ----

③. 在某些独立结构中.

He entered the room, book in hand.

但加上with 后用限定词.

He entered the room, with a book in hand.

④. 序数词作副词,或作名词表 “名次”时

First read fast.

He came first in the game.

⑤. 形容词最高级作表语只用来同本身做比较时, 并无一定范围.

Vegetables are best when they are fresh.

⑥. 表称呼或职位,军衔的名词做表语, 同位语和补语时,

Tom is monitor in our class.

We made Tom monitor in our class.

⑦. 常见词组:

at war/ peace/ table/ work/college/ sea

by force/ air/ sea/ train

in bed/ hospital/ peace/ ink/ public/ time of

take possession of

lose heart

5. 冠词词组

①. 位于such. What/ many/ half 后

Many a man is fit for the job.

②. as, so, to, how, however, enough,+ adj. + a/ an,

eg. as happy a day

③. quite / rather a day

但可以说: rather/quite a cold day

a rather/quite cold day

④. 在让步状语从句中, 有:

Brave a man though he is, he failed.

⑤. 倍数+ the + n.

twice the students

6. 有无冠词, 意义不同的词组:

in course of 正在进行中 in the course of 在---期间, 在过程中

out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能

in charge of 负责,掌管 in the charge of 在---的主管下

in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被---拥有

at table 在吃饭 at the table 坐在桌旁

in front of in the front of

by sea 坐船 by the sea 在海边

in case of 假使, 万一 in the case of 就---而言, 至于

by day 在白天 by the day 按日, 按天

on watch 值班,守望 on the watch 看守着, 提防着

to death 极度, 非常 to the death 致死, 到底

责任编辑：李芳芳

编号 081010 姓名 付爱冬

1. Have you heard news? The price of petrol is going up again！

A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填

2. - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and _____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.

A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a

3. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don't think I've got ______energy.

A. a: 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D. a; the

4. It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break.

A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the

5. Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ____ resource.

A. 不填；a B. 不填；the C. the; the D. the; a

6. I ate sandwich while I was waiting for 20:08 train.

A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a

7. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.

A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a

8. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.

A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填

9. In many places in China, bicycle is still popular means of transportation.

A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the

10.______ walk is expected to last all day, so bring ______ packed lunch.

A. A; a B. The; 不填 C. The; a D. A; 不填

11.Christmas is ______ special holiday when ______ whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the

12. -How about ______ Christmas evening party?

-I should say it was ______ success.

A. a; a B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. the; 不填

13.Polar bears live mostly on _____ sea ice, which they use as _____ platform for hunting seals.

A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填

14.Geogre wouldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at _______ church.

A. 不填; the B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a

15. -Could you tell me the way to ______ Johnsons, please?

-Sorry, we don’t have ______ Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the B. the; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

1-5 CBDAD 6-10 CAACC 11-15 DBCCB

编号081010 姓名 付爱冬

I. 用适当的冠词填空：

1.When you’ve finished with _____ book, don’t forget to put it back on _____ shelf, will you ?

2.In my opinion, _____ life in ______ 21st century is much easier than it used to be.

3.It was not until we had stayed together for ______ couple of weeks that we had a lot in _____ common.

4.I think he is taking _____ active part in ______ social work. I agree with you in _____ way.

5. -Did Peter fix ______ computer himself ?

-He had it fixed, because he doesn’t know much about ______ computers.

II．用适当的冠词给下列短文填空：

Dear Peter,

I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my 1 advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are 2 few suggestions. First, it is important to take 3 Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from 4 teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read 5 books, 6 newspapers and 7 magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be 8 excellent idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember 9 Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you 10 lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write me in Chinese next time.

III．单句改错

1.It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us.

2.Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as good as the Olympic Games.

3.However, when John went back home, the tickets were still there. In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat.

4.I have made up my mind to spend the vacation far from home for first time in my life. My parents have agreed to visit me, and I will have a different vacation.

5.I had many wonderful experiences, but I also had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where I was invited to talk about Tianjin.

6.Last winter vacation, some of my classmates decided to travel with their friends, while I chose to take part-time job to gain experience and earn some money.

7.The play tells humorous stories that happen in the Green’s family.

8.I like the color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.

9.There is reported to be the number of the wounded on both sides.

10.In case of the fire, please press the red button.

11.It is getting dark. Take a umbrella before you forget it.

12.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called a world wide wait because it can be very slow.

13.A book is the store that sells books.

14.Don’t you believe it! Glass can take place of the steel in many ways of life.

15.He began to learn English in his 1990s in Britain.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

I. 1. the; the 2.不填；the 3. a; 不填 4. an; 不填; a 5. the; 不填

II. 1. 不填 2. a 3. a 4. the 5. 不填 6.不填 7.不填 8. an 9. 不填 10. a

III. 1. 去掉the 2. history前加the 3. 去掉the 4. first前加the 5. party前加a 6. part-time前加a 7. 去掉Green’s前the 8. good前加a 9. the改成a 10. 去掉the 11. a 改成an

12. a改成the 13. the改成a 14. place前加the 15. his改成 the

责任编辑：李芳芳

语法专项系列之二

代词

1. 并列代词的顺序:

单数为: 二, 三，一, You , he and I should return on time.

复数为: 一， 二, 三, We , you , and they are all right.

2. 反身代词的几种用法:

feel / be ~ 身体好, 行动正常, He is not quite himself today.

by ~ = alone

for~ 亲自

enjoy ~/ = have a good time

seat~ = sit

devote ~ to ---

help ~ to

come to ~ 苏醒过来

make ~ at home 不拘束, 不客气

3. each other/ one another

前者指两者互相, 后者指三者或以上互相, 所有格, 直接在它们后加’s

4. other/ the other/ another

other 常与复数名词和不可数名词连用, 但当可数名前有the / this/ that 等修饰时可用.

the other 是两者中的另一个, 常与one 连用 形成: one --- the other 或the other + 复数名词=the others

another 是三者或以上的任何一个, 也表示 再, 另, 和数词搭配 如: another three

5. it/ one/ that 做替代词的区别

it同类同物

one同类不同物

that后常有of短语修饰时, 或有过去分词, 从句等修饰.

6. none/ no one/ nothing

none 指代人或物, 单复数都可以, 可和of短语连用, 用来回答how many/ much疑问

no one 指 人, 只用可数, 不跟of短语, 回答who 疑问句

nothing 指物, 回答what

eg.

No one / nobody is absent today.

----Did you have any trouble with the customs? ----- None

7. few, little, a few, a little

8. either, neither 表两者, 可跟 of短语 谓语动词用单数形式

9. 部分否定与全部否定

但否定词与all , both, every及every类(everybody/ everyone/ everything)的词连用时, 不论否定词的位置前后都表部分否定

如: Not all the ss are working hard.

All the students are not working hard.

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you .

用none, no one, nobody, nothing表全部否定

10. every / each

every 强调集体, 指三者或以上, 与not 连用表部分否定

each 强调个体, 可接of 短语, 指两者或以上, 与not连用表全部否定

11. any, 在肯定句中指两者或以上的人或事中的任何一个

any 类 用于否定/疑问/条件句中不表任何意义

anyone= anybody 仅指人

any one 指人或物

12. some

修饰 可数名词或不可数

表 “某一”时= a certain some 后不跟复数名词, 而certain 可跟复数名词

13. 疑问代词的注意点:

who 在句中可做主语或宾语, 但是不能跟介词后

whom 在句中只作宾语,

what 无范围

which 知在一定的范围的哪一个

如: The ties are all in good quality and style, so I don’t know which one to choose from.

责任编辑：李芳芳

语法专项之四： 非谓语动词

一．非谓语动词的语法功能：

主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语

不定式 是 是 是 是 是 是

动名词 是 是 是 是 否 否

分词 否 否 是 是 是 是

二．非谓语动词的时态和语态：

不定式 动名词 现在分词 意义 过去

分词

一般式 to do doing doing 所表动作与谓语同时发生或之后发生 仅有一种形式表示完成或被动

一般被动式 to be p.p being p.p being p.p

完成式 to have p.p. having p.p having p.p 所表动作在谓语之前发生

完成被动式 to have been p.p. having been p.p having been p.p

进行式 to be doing 无 无 与谓语同时发生

完成进行式 to have been doing 无 无 截止到谓语发生时一直进行的动作

练习一.说出下列非谓语动词在句中担当的成分.

1.To study hard is important.

2.They seemed to be talking about

something important.

3.He pretend to be waiting for someone.

4.She said she was happy to have met you.

5.He doesn’t want her to attend the meeting.

6.Is he a man to depend on?

7.The old man lived long enough to see

his son’s success.

8.Most of the students standing there are

from our class.

9.She felt very tired.

10.He saw the ground covered with snow.

11.Passing by the house,he saw a girl playing the piano.

12.Given another chance,he will succeed.

13.Not having found the wallet,he still had

some money with him.

14.A sleeping student is often one who doesn’t pay attention to what the

teacher says.

15.She bought a writing desk.

练习二：用所给动词的适当形式填空

1.Mother doesn’t allow him _____(speak)

loud in the room.

2.Students pretended_________(read)

when the teacher came in.

3.He was said ___________(be)rich=It was said that he had been rich.

4.He needs a room to ________(live)

5.I will go to Beijing tomorrow.Do you have anything ____________(buy)

6.I intended _____________(go)abroad

but I was badly short of money then.

7.________(walk)along the road,he found a wallet.

8.___________( dare not)to speak,they sat there just listening.

9._____________(live)there for many years,she knew the place well.

10.____________(have not)met her before,I can’t tell what she is like.

11.The question ___________(=which is being discussed) is very important.

12._____________(=After we had been shown around the museum),we went back home.

13.Ours is a_____________country

and theirs is a _________one. (develop)

14.She heard someone _____(close)the door.(=She heard the door _________)

15.The meeting __________(over),they went home.

16.Other things ________(consider),I prefer the first plan.

17.He was criticized for _________(not come)to class on time.

18.She is proud of __________(be rich).

19.He ws given a medal for___________

(have done)excellent work.

20.She prided herself on ___________

(give)such a good chance.

解读非谓语动词：

1.句型:主+感官动词/使役动词+宾语

v.原→做了谋事（变被动加上to）

+ doing →正在进行

p.p. →表示宾语被做

感官动词/使役动词：此类动词有：

一感：feel

二听：listen to/hear

三使：let/make/have

四让：see/watch/observe/notice

半帮助：help

练习三：用动词的适当形式填空：

1.I heard her _____(sing)the whole

English song.

2.I saw two men men _____(wear)

dark glasses ______(get out)of the car,

_______(run )across the street and ____

into a bank.

3.Paul doesn’t have to be made___(learn)

He always works hard.

4.The missing boys were last seen____

(play)near the river.

5.I almost foget ______the TV set______

(cover)up.

6.He lay in his bed with the sunlight ____

(fall)onto his face.

7.He lay in bed with the bedroom door __

(shut).

2.It is +adj+of/for+n/pron to do

（for:当adj修饰事时 of:当adj修饰人时）

e.g.1)It is difficult for some of you to give up surfing the Internet.

2)It is cruel of him to kill the cat.

3.be +to do :表示预先的安排或计划、命令

劝告等。

练习四：分析下面句子所表含义：

1)The foreign friends are to arrive this evening.

2)The plan is to be made in a week.

3)You are not to walk on the grass.

4)You are to be criticized if you do like that.

5)All the exercise-books are to be handed in after class.

4.do nothing but/except +v原

注：若but/except之前没有实义动词do,其后接to do.

你理解了吗？试试看吧！

练习五:1)Delar had nothing to do but___

(drop,to drop)herself onto the sofa and

cry.

2)He desired nothing but ___(go,to go)

home.

5.动名词与不定式的区别：

1）不定式可表示尚未发生的动作，动名词则暗示已有的经验。

2）不定式表示一次性的动作，动名词则表示习惯性的动作。

练习六1)My grandfather is a millionaire,

but_______(have)miney does not solve

all his problems.

2)She likes ______(eat)apples,but today she would not like_____(eat)one,

because there’s something something wrong with her stomach.

6.仅跟动名词做宾语的动词或短语。

enjoy, practice, risk（冒险）

excuse, imagine, can’t help（禁不住）

,consider（考虑）, mind, suggest,

delay（耽搁）, miss, give up,

put off（推迟）,burst out（突然）,

finish,deny（否认）, keep,

dislike（不喜欢）, admit（承认）,

be/get used to,习惯

come to ,谈到

add to, look forward to盼望,

devote to献身于, stick to坚持,

lead to,get down to 开始

be sentenced to,宣判

object to,反对

be worth doing,feel like想要

7可以跟doing/todo做宾语，但意义有差别：

1)remember/forget/regret

+ to do sth. 未有体验

+ doing 已有体验

2)stop to do 停下来去做（目的状语）

stop doing 停下所做的事

3)learn to do:学会做谋事

learn doing:学习做谋事

4)go on to do:继续做另一件事

go on doing:继续做同一件事

5)try to do :=try one’s best尽力做某事

try doing:尝试做谋事

6)mean to do :想要/打算做谋事

mean doing:意思是，意味着

练习七：

1.I remember_____(keep)the maid ____

(wait)out of the office yesterday.

2.He regrets___________(not see)his

father last week.

3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _________(rest)on a big rock by the side of the path.

4._____________(learn)________(skate)

skillfully,she went on _________(learn)

__________(swim).

5.Go on ________(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.

6.-I usually go there by train.

---Why not try_________(go)by boat for a change.

7.Don’t forget _______(write)to me .Let’s

keep in touch.

8.I managed to stop father_____(smoke)

when he meant_______(to/todo),saying that smoking meant buying death with money.

8.分词做状语，若句子的主语与分词所表动作有主动关系，则用现在分词；若句子的主语与分词所表动作之间有被动关系，则用过去分词。

练习八:1)”Can’t you read?”Mary said ___

(angry)_______(point)to the notice.

2)_______(give)more attention,the trees could have grown better.

判断正误：

3）Being seriously ill,he was sent to hospital by his classmates.

4）Being seriously ill,his classmates sent

him to hospital.

5)Not having seen us for years,we could hardly recognize her.

6)Having been in Zao Zhuang for many times,he gets so familiar with the city that he can name all the streets in it.

9.独立主格结构：分词（短语）作状语，当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，必须在分词（短语）之前保留其逻辑主语（主格），

此种分词意义上的主语与句子主语并无语法联系.通常表示时间、理由、条件、伴随状态等。

练习九：分析下列独立主格结构：

1)The shower being over,we continue our journey.

2)The work done,we felt relieved.

3)It being known she was the mother of the hero,everybody present offered her their respects.

4)All the tickets having been sold out,they went away feeling disappointed.

5)All things considered,her paper is better than yours.

6)Nobody having more to say,the meeting would be over.

7)They marched down the street,their flags waving.

8)He went to the front door,his students following him.

10.状语从句的省略：

条件：1）主句和从句的主语相同或从句的主语为it;

2)从句中含有be动词。

可（必）生成分：从句的主语和be.

练习十：判断正误：

1)Though very tired ,he didn’t take a rest.

2)Though raining hard,I went shopping.

3)When travelling in Japan ,he met my aunt.

4)I don’t mind having to kill time while waiting for you here.

11.动名词的逻辑主语：

1）动名词的逻辑主语通常用adj性的 物主代词或名词所有格。

2）动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可以用

adj性的 物主代词或名词所有格，也可用宾格形式。

3）动名词意义上的主语为无生命的名词或抽象名词时，则用原型。

练习十一：写出下列动名词的逻辑主语。

1）_________(John) coming back

tomorrow excited all of us .

2)_____(he)coming back is a great help.

3)I am sure of __________(my brother)

passing the exam.

4)There is little chance of _____(he)being elected Mayor of the city.

5)I am very glad of the ______(examination)being over.

6)I am sure of _________(the news)

12.定语从句该为分词短语坐定语的方法：

1）去掉作主语的关系代名词（who/which..）

2）变成：被修饰词 + v-ing表进行、主动

+p.p. 表完成、被动

练习十二：把下列句子改成分词短语作定语的形式：

1).I couldn’t understand the language which was spoken in that country.

2) Among these shoes are none which

belonged to us.

3)The students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema.

4)The student who has been late for class for dozens of times is left standing at the gate for a whole mornig.

责任编辑：李芳芳

考点1 冠词和名词

1. Always read the on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.

A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions

2. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous .

A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions

3. The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a of 60 miles.

A. length B. distance C. way D. space

4. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took pictures of them.

A. many of B. masses of C. the number of D. a large amount of

5. Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China.

A. enjoyment B. appreciation C. entertainment D. reputation

6. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his was seen at its best when he worked with others. A. temper B. appearance C. talent D. character

7. Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at .

A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate

8. Now I come here at the of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.

A. require B. remark C. demand D. request

9. She waited in for her mother’s letter.

A. anxious B. anxiety C. anxiously D. antique

10. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the __ __ of modem society.

A. benefits B. goods C. pleasures D. possessions

11. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values

12. The on his face told me that he was angry.

A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression

13. Father went to the doctor for _____ about his heart disease.

A. an advice B. advice C. some advices D. the advices

14. It was so crowded in the bus that there was for me.

A. no room B. no rooms C. some room D. no spaces

15. Four are visiting our school now, two of them are . ??

A. Russians; policemen B. Russians; policeman

C. Russian man; policemen D. Russian; policemen

16. You know I have no for foreign languages.

A. knowledges B. gift C. character D. characters

17. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for the new students.

A. place B. area C. room D. space

18. At tile meeting they discussed three different to the study of mathematics.

A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways

19. He got to the station early, missing his train.

A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search of

20. We’ve missed the bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.

A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection

21. The classroom is big enough , but we’ll have to move if we have more students.

A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D. for a moment

22. You can’t afford to let the situation get worse. You must take to put it right.

A. decisions B. directions C. steps D. sides

23. Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out oxygen to us.

A. in case B. in turn C. in return D. in addition

24. She broke a while she was washing up.

A. glass wine B. wine glass C. glass of wine D. glass for wine

25. According to the recent reports one of the animals, the crocodile, is in of dying out.

A. a danger B. the danger C. danger D. dangerous

26. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson ride to Capital Airport.

A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. /; the

27. - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

- Sorry, wrong number, there isn’t Mr. Smith here.

A. / B. a C. the D. one

28. The most important thing about cotton in history is part that it played in Industrial Revolution.

A . /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. a; the

29. In review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of heart disease by 76%.

A. a; the B. the; a C. a; / D. /; a

30. I can’t remember when exactly the Robinsons left city. I only remember it was Monday.

A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a

31. This book tells life story of John Smith, who left school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16.

A. the; the B. a; the C. the; / D. a; /

32. Of all __ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was ___ most important one.

A. the; a B. /. ; a C. /; the D. the; the

33. Apples are usually sold by weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by dozen.

A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a

34. Xiamen is most beautiful coastal city and I believe I will come for second time.

A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the

35. Mr. Arafat was honored as historic leader who led his people with courage in all the stages of the national struggle.

A. a; the B. the; the C. the; / D. a; /

36. The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.

A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D. bicycles' shop

37. When we are in France, China is an country.

A. east B. easter C. eastward D. eastern

38. I didn’t expect that Tom would my failure to achieve his own goal.

A. make use of B. make the most of C. take advantage of D. take the advantage of

39. You are really very kind. I’ll never forget the you have done for me.

A. favour B. deed C. help D. good

40. I know the man by but I have never spoken to him.

A. chance B. heart C. sight D. experience

41. I knew John Lennon, but not famous one.

A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a

42. My of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.

A. idea B. opinion C. mind D. thought

43. The bad policy of the new government has put the economy of the country into a more difficult .

A. occasion B. situation C. case D. background

44. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _______.

A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind

45. He likes music so much that I think it right to buy him MP3 as birthday present.

A. the; an; a B. /; an; the C. /; an; a D. the; a; a

46. Thank you for sending us _ fresh vegetables of many kinds. You have done us great service.

A. /;a B. the; a C. /; / D. the; /

47. The adverbial phrase “every day” has space between two words.

A. the; the B. a; the C. /; the D. /; /

48. He lost the chance to be employed as _ marketing manager because he lacked _ work experience.

A. /; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; /

49. Scarlett Johnasson developed ____ interest in acting and has made herself into perhaps finest actress of her generation.

A. an; a B. /; the C. an; the D. /; a

50. is without doubt the most magnificent of the big cats.

A. The tiger; a B. The tiger; / C. Tiger; / D. A tiger; the

51. Cherries are sold by weight, and books can be mailed by dozen.

A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the

52. Charlely Oakley, NBA star, hasn’t lost game in the past month.

A. an; a B. a; the C. the; a D. /; the

53. I wonder what it feels like to be one of really rich. The Jenkinsons already have two Rolls Royces and now they are buying third!

A. the; a B. the; the C. /; a D. /; the

54. What beautiful weather! Great for holiday.

A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D./; a

55. The driver was at loss when word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.

A. a; / B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /

56. The explorer got a disease in blood for the of fresh vegetables and fruit.

A. sake B. lack C. ignorance D. benefit

57. Man’s first walk on the moon was a strange technological .

A. success B. achievement C. succession D. accomplishment

58. Everyone’s application for the job must be sent in one week .

A. before hand B. ahead of time C. in advance D. as early as possible

59. Have you made out your for a passport?

A. appointment B. application C. apposition D. appreciation

60. They considered the plan in all its .

A. appearances B. aspects C. prospect D. suspect

61. I’m in my that he is a good manager.

A. behavior B. believe C. beloved D. belief

62. Now we can pick up weather information from new type of weather satellite.

A. the; a; / B. /; the; the C. /; a; / D. /; a; a

63. More and more people choose in the supermarket, for they are especially interested in a of goods on oilier.

A. price B. variety C. value D. amount

64. teacher of my grandmother’s is coming the day after tomorrow. I’m wondering how old ___ woman she would be.

A. The; a B.A; a C. A; the D. The; the

65. Would you like knife and fork, or would you rather use chopsticks, sir?

A. the; the B. a; / C. /; the D. /; /

66. Some of the passengers told the reporters about their __ in the burning train.

A. details B. trips C. events D. experiences

67. - $ 500, but that is my last offer.

- OK, it is a .

A. cost B. price C. reward D. deal

68. Those football players had no strict until they joined our club.

A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise

69. He walked up to _____ cupboard near the wall and reached out for second tube.

A. the; / B. the; a C. a; a D. /; a

70. She is ______ success, ______ woman as she is.

A. a; a B. /; a C. a; / D. the; the

71. To protect his new invention, he took out a _________ on it.

A. pattern B. protection C. license D. patent

考点小资料：短语中冠词的有无

by car by bike by train by the time 到……时候

by weight by length

by the metre by the hour by the kilo

take a bus in a boat on the bike

Chinese 汉语，中国人 the Chinese 1anguage 汉语

at table 吃饭，在吃饭的时候 at the table 在桌旁

be in charge of 负责…… be in the charge of 在……的掌握之下

take place 发生 take the place 代替

in possession 拥有 in the possession of 为……所有

in sight of 看得见 in the sight of 据……的见解

in place of 代替 in the place of 在……的地方

be of age 成年 be of an age 同龄

take advice 征求意见 take the advice 听从劝告

out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能

make beds 制作床 make the bed 整理床铺

责任编辑：李芳芳

语法系列讲座25

What is gone is gone. 过去的事就过去了。

(2) 引导表语从句。如： That’s what I hope. 那就是我希望的。 I should like to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be. 我想当老师，那是我想干的事。 Times are not what they used to be. 时代不同了。 He’s not what he was a few years ago. 他不是几年前的他了。 Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身体应该更好。

(3) 引导宾语从句，包括介词宾语。如： He could not express what he felt. 他不能表达他的感受。 Well, I’ll do what I can. 好吧，我尽力。 I can’t do what you’ve just asked of me. 我不能做你刚才要求我的事。 And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away. 得到了他要的东西，他拿上帽子就走了。 As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作为你的朋友，我想告诉你我所听到的。

The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态） She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。 Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管闲事。 The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 这座城市和十年前不同了。 It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和现在比起来，它那时候是个小地方。

The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父亲开始批评男孩所做的事。（注意时态） She was not happy at what he had said. 她对他说的话不高兴。 Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管闲事。

The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 这座城市和十年前不同了。

It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和现在比起来，它那时候是个小地方。 I don’t care about money or what people call position. 我不在乎金钱或者别人所谓的地位。 Philip was depressed by what he had gone through. Philip经历过的事情使他很消沉。 They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state. 他们能挣来的东西，百分之五十交给了国家。

2．用作插入语，指代后面的成分。这和非限定性定语从句正好相反，非限定性定语从句指代的是前面的成分。如： Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Mary’s niece. 后来我发现，他妻子原来是Mary的侄女，这对我是个新闻。 He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river. 他从来不参加男孩子通常做的体育活动，更奇怪的是，他从来不坐船出去到河上面去。 He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他讲话生动有趣，更重要的是，他对课题了如指掌。

He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking. 他去参加了会议，而且更糟糕的是，他坚持要发言。 It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 这是本很有用的书，再说也不贵。 You’ll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, what’s more, you’ll get no sympathy from anybody. 你怪不着别人，只能怪你自己；还有，你得不到任何人的同情。 We invited a new speaker and, what’s more, he was happy to come. 我们请到了一位新的发言人，而且他很乐意来。

3．引导让步状语从句，等于“不管什么…”。注意状语从句的语序。如： Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going. 不管她会做什么，她都编不出不去的理由。状语从句把实义动词放在句首，句子倒装。＝No matter what she would do, … Come what may, you’ll always keep it secret. 无论怎样，你都要保守秘密。＝No matter what may come, …. Jack has made up his mind that, come what might, he would stay there. Jack已经拿定主意，无论如何他也要呆在那里。＝…no matter what might come, … Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong. 不管他怎么说，内心里他知道自己错了。= No matter what he will say, …

练习

关于名词性从句我们就讲到这里。Now let’s do some exercises related to this part： 一、选择最佳答案填空 1．______ he always serves the people very well is known. A. What B. That C. Which D. Who 2．______ you have done might do harm to other people. A. What B. That C. Whether D. Which

3．I don’t care ____ she has no money. I care____ she is honest or not. A. if…if B. whether…whether C. if…whether D. whether…if 4. They found at last ____ they had been looking for. A. that B. what C. where D. which

5. He will be here on time. But I’m not sure _____ he drives or takes the train. A. whether B. if C. when D. how 6. The reason why he was late is ___ he got up too late. A. that B. because C. as D. for

7. I want to know ____ the leather coat belongs to. A. who B. which C. that D. whom 8. Can you tell me ___ the hospital is? A. where B. who C. that D. whether

9. We all know ____ she will be our English teacher. A. which B. what C. that D. who 10. I wish _____ he would pass the examination. A. how B. whether C. when D. that

二、把两个单句合成主从复合句

model: Does he live there? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me whether (if) he lives there?

1. Can Mike write a little Chinese now? I want to know. →I want to know whether/if Mike can write a little Chinese now. 2. Did Jenny try to explain why she was late? Can you tell us? →Can you tell us if/whether Jenny tried to explain why she was late?

3. Did the monkey want to eat bananas? Do you know? →Do you know if/whether the monkey wanted to eat bananas? 4. Do you like sports? I ask you. →I ask you if/whether you like sports.

5. Does she play basketball? Do you know? →Do you know if/whether she plays basketball? 6. Has the whole street been cleaned? I don’t know. →I don’t know if/whether the whole street has been cleaned.

7. Were there a lot of people in the street? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me if/whether there were a lot of people in the street? 8. Are they preparing for the sports meet? Do you know? →Do you know if/whether they are preparing for the sports meet?

9. Had John told Mr. Smith about his past? Could you tell me? →Could you tell me if/whether John had told Mr. Smith about his past. 10. Has anybody ever been into some of the pyramids? Please tell me. →Please tell me if/whether anybody has ever been into some of the pyramids.

强调

Hello, everyone. 英语的强调主要有两种：一是强调非谓语（包括主语、宾语、状语等）；二是强调谓语动词。

一、强调非谓语

其基本句型是：“It + is/was + 被强调的成分 ＋ that/who + 其她成分”。It 没有实意，只起语法作用，引导被强调的部分。当被强调的是人时，可用who(m)/that, 其他情况用that。 例如： It was I who/that met Jack yesterday. 是我昨天碰到了Jack. （强调主语） It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday. 我昨天碰到的是Jack。 （强调宾语） It was yesterday that I met Jack. 是昨天我碰到了Jack. （强调时间状语） 这几句话复原为非强调句就是：I met Jack yesterday. It is people, not things, that are decisive. 决定的因素是人，不是物。 （强调主语） It is because the book is very important for my present job that I bought it. 是因为这本书对我目前的工作很有用，我才买了它。 （强调原因状语） It was in the supermarket that I gave the book to him. 是在那家超市里我给了他那本书。（强调地点状语）

1．强调主语： It was John who broke the window. 是John打破了窗子。 原句：John broke the window. It is this overpass that will be pulled down. 将被拆掉的是这个天桥。 原句：This overpass will be pulled down. It is the people who/that are really powerful. 真正有力量的是人民。 原句：The people are really powerful.

2．强调状语：

（1）强调时间状语。 例如： It was at that moment that he changed his mind. 是在那一刻他改变了主意。 It is every day that Professor Smith goes swimming. 史密斯教授是天天去游泳。 It was not until Saturday that he began to prepare for the examination. 他直到星期六才开始为考试作准备。 注意：这句话的原句是He did not begin to prepare for the examination until Saturday. 变成强调时间状语，注意 “not” 位置的变化。

（2）强调地点状语。 例如：

责任编辑：李芳芳

语法-----动词和动词短语

编号：081030 编者：管月敏

一. 单句改错：

1. She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to turn.

2. “Goodbye, then,” she said, without even looking down from her book.

3. He was grown up in the countryside, so he knows a lot about farmers.

4. If we can go over our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.

5. --- Have you got up with some new ideas?

--- Yeah. I’ll tell you later.

二. 用所给动词的适当短语填空：

1. give

1) You must finish your papers before 12:30, when they shall be _________.

2) He doesn’t only ____________ money; he spends his whole life in looking after the poor.

3) The gas _____________ an unpleasant smell.

4) Finally he was persuaded to ______________ smoking.

5) The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was __ on the radio yesterday.

2. get

1) Hardly could he ____________ this amount of work in such a short time.

2) It is going to rain. Can you ___________ the clothes for me?

3) It took me an hour to get intention _______ to her.

4) I am afraid I didn’t ___________ well with my studies.

5) ---The boss said we had only three days to finish the work.

---Don’t worry.We have already _____________ two thirds of it.

3. take

1) I won’t __________ much of your time.

2) When shall I __________ my new duties?

3) He has ___________ Spanish recently.

4) The young politician __________ the leadership of the party.

5) I will ___________ your number and ask him to call you back.

6) Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026___________ at 18:20.

4. turn

1) ___________ the light before you go out.

2) A big wave ___________ the fishing boat. Luckily, no one was injured.

3) I needn’t have taken my umbrella, because it __________ to be a fine day.

4) To my delight, the key I lost __________ the other day.

5) Believe it or not, Tom is the right person you can __________ when you are in trouble.

6) He is very discouraging because every time he offers some help to her, it will be __________.

5. break

1) I was still sleeping when the fire __________ , and then it spread quickly.

2) The car __________ on the way again.

3) The young man was so impolite that he kept __________ with silly questions.

4) Their friends all wondered what ___________ their marriage?

5) The poor man had his house ____________ last night.

6. put

1) Never ___________ until tomorrow what you can do today.

2) ____________ your toys and let’s have dinner.

3) You’d better ___________ your coat before going out. It’s so cold outside.

4) The toy car was pulled down. Can you _____ it _____ again?

5) Mother __________ all the lights before going to bed.

7. go

1) --- Do you think that housing price will keep __________ in the years to come? Many people can’t afford it.

--- Sorry, I have no idea.

2) We were all tired out, so we couldn’t ___________.

3) Suddenly all the lights ___________, and it was all dark.

4) ---- Didn't you have a good time at the party?

---- Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _________ so quickly.

5) The poor girl has __________ such a lot since her parents died.

6) ---Could I use your dictionary?

---Sure, __________.

7) Whoever __________ nature will be punished by it.

8. make

1) She has grown up and I can’t ______ her ______ any more.

2) Culturl exchange __________ better understanding.

3) Mother was skillfully _______ her coat ______ my skirt.

4) He says he will get up at six tomorrow morning, but he’ll never __________.

5) The group is ____________ 6 experts and 20 students.

9. come

1) Tell me how the accident ___________ last night.

2) I __________ an old friend of mine at the station yesterday.

3) It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _______ that she is two hours late on such a short trip.

4) These customs have __________ to us through many a generation.

5) You have ____________ a good idea.

掌握较好的＞80% 题号: 分析

掌握一般的60%~80% 题号: 分析

掌握较差的 ＜60% 题号: 分析

难点教学建议

Keys:

一. 1. turn 后加to 2. down---up 3. grown-brought 4. go-get 5. got-come

二. 1. given in; give away; gives off; given out

2. get through; get in; get …across; get on; get through

3. take up; take on; taken up; took over; take down; takes off

4. Turn off; turned over; turned out; turned up; turn to; turned down

5. broke out; broke down; breaking in; broke up; broken into

6. put off; Put away; put on; put…together; put out

7. going up; go on; went out; go by; gone through; go ahead; goes against

8. make…out; makes for; making into; make it; made up of

9. came about; came across; comes out; come down; come up with

责任编辑：李芳芳

中学语法大全 代词

目录

人称代词的用法 2

人称代词之主、宾格的替换 2

代词的指代问题 3

并列人称代词的排列顺序 3

物主代词 4

双重所有格 4

反身代词 4

相互代词 5

指示代词 6

疑问代词 7

关系代词 8

every, no, all, both,... 9

none, few, some, any,... 10

代词比较辩异one, that和it 11

one/another/the other 11

“the”的妙用 12

anyone/any one;... 12

both, either, neither,... 13

many, much 14

few, little, a few,... 14

人称代词的用法

1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：

John waited a while but eventually he went home.

约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。

John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.

约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。

说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：

When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.

约翰一到就直接去银行了。

2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：

I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.

我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语）

a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？

b. -- Me. --我。（me作主语补语= It's me.）

说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。

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人称代词之主、宾格的替换

1) 宾格代替主格

a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。

---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。

---- Me too. --我也喜欢。

---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?

---- Not me. --我可不要了。

b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。

He is taller than I/me.

He is taller than I am.

2) 主格代替宾格

a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。

b. 在电话用语中常用主格。

---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。

---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。

注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。

I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)

I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)

I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)

They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)

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代词的指代问题

1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。

Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来，是吗?

2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。

Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。

3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。

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并列人称代词的排列顺序

1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：

第二人称 －>第三人称 －>第一人称

you －>he/she; it ->I

You, he and I should return on time.

2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：

第一人称 －>第二人称 －>第三人称

we －>you －>They

注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。

a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，

It was I and John that made her angry.

是我和约翰惹她生气了。

b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.

c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，

d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。

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物主代词

1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：

John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.

约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。

物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。

名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构，例如：

Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.

His cap 意为 The cap is his.

2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能

a. 作主语，例如：

May I use your pen? Yours works better.

我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。

b. 作宾语，例如：

I love my motherland as much as you love yours.

我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。

c. 作介词宾语，例如：

Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.

你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。

d. 作主语补语，例如：

The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。

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双重所有格

物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。

公式为：

a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：

a friend of mine.

each brother of his.

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反身代词

1） 列表

I you you she he

myself yourself yourselves herself himself

we they it one

ourselves themselves itself oneself

2）做宾语

a. 有些动词需有反身代词

absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。

b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词

take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.

I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。

Please sit down. 请坐。

3） 作表语； 同位语

be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。

The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。

4） 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：

No one but myself (me) is hurt.

注意：

a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove the car.

(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。

b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。

Charles and myself saw it.

5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。

You should be proud of yourself. 你应为自己感到骄傲。

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相互代词

1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：

It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.

显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。

2） 相互代词的句法功能：

a. 作动词宾语；

People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。

b. 可作介词宾语；

Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。

说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：

He put all the books beside each other.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

He put all the books beside one another.

他把所有书并列摆放起来。

Usually these small groups were independent of each other.

这些小团体通常是相互独立的。

c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：

The students borrowed each other's notes.

学生们互借笔记。

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指示代词

1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：

单数 复数

限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my

teachers.

代词： This is Mary. Those are my

teachers.

2) 指示代词的句法功能；

a. 作主语

This is the way to do it.

这事儿就该这样做。

b. 作宾语

I like this better than that.

我喜欢这个甚至那个。

c. 作主语补语

My point is this.

我的观点就是如此。

d. 作介词宾语

I don't say no to that.

我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that.

那并不可怕。

说明1：

指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：

(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）

(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）

(错)He is going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人）

(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)

说明2：

That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

(错) He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人）

(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）

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疑问代词

1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：

指 人： who, whom, whose

指 物： what

既可指人又可指物： which

2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较：

疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的？

What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?

美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？

限定词： Whose books are these on the desk?

桌上的书是谁的？

What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？

说明1：

无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：

Which girls do you like best?

你喜欢哪几个姑娘？

What girls do you like best?

你喜欢什么样的姑娘？

说明2：

Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：

Who(m) did you meet on the street?

你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）

Who(m) are you taking the book to?

你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）

To whom did you speak on the campus?

你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）

说明3：

疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：

For what do most people live and work?

大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）

What are you looking for?

你在找什么？（现代英语）

说明4：

疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：

I can't make out what he is driving at.

我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?

你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？

Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.

你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。

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关系代词

1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）

2） 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见下：

限定性 非限定性 限定性

指 人 指 物 指人或指物

主 格 who which that

宾 格 whom that that

属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose

例如：

This is the pencil whose point is broken.

这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。

(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)

He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。

（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）

3） 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：

He said he saw me there, which was a lie.

他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。

说明： 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：

I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。

He's changed. He's not the man he was.

他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。

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every, no, all, both,...

1）不定代词有

all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2） 不定代词的功能与用法

a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。

I have no idea about it.

b. all 都，指三者以上。

all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。

All goes well. 一切进展得很好。

all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。

但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。

all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China， all the city， all my life， all the way

3) both 都，指两者。

a. both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。

b. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。

Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.

4) neither 两者都不

a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。

c. 可用于下列句型，避免重复。

She can't sing，neither (can) he.

neither 与nor

d. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。

If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。

e. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。

He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.

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none, few, some, any,...

一、none 无

1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中，none可单独使用。

Are there any pictures on the wall? None.

2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。

It is none of your business.

二、few 一些，少数

few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。

三、some 一些

1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2) 当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）

You will be sorry for this some day.

总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。

A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.

某些人不同意你的看法。

注意：

(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。

(2)some用于其他句式中:

a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：

Would you like some coffee?

b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：

If you need some help，let me know.

c. some位于主语部分,

Some students haven't been there before.

d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：

I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.

这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。

四、any 一些

1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。

五、one, ones 为复数形式

ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不

用ones。

Have you bought any rulers? Yes，I 've bought some.

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代词比较辩异one, that和it

one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)

我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)

你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)

我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

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one/another/the other

one… the other 只有两个

some… the others 有三个以上

one… another，another…

some… others，others…

others = other people/things

the others = the rest 剩余的全部

1) 泛指另一个用another。

2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。

3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。

4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。

5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。

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“the”的妙用

He is one of the students who help me.

He is the one of the students who helps me.

他是帮我的学生之一。

第一句定语从句与the students 一致。

第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

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anyone/any one;...

1．anyone 和 any one

anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。

2．no one 和none

a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。

b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。

None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?

---- No one.--没有。

3．every 和each

1) every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。

Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。

2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。

3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。

Every student has to take one.

Each boy has to take one.

Each of the boys has to take one.

4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。

5) every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。

6) every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。

Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。

Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。

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both, either, neither,...

这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。

1) both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。

Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。

2) both，either

both与复数连用，either与单数连用。

Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。

There are flowers on both sides of the street.

(两岸)

There are flowers on either side of the street.

(岸的两边)

路边长满了野花。

3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。

All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。

I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。

注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。

All of the students are there.

所有的学生都在那。

All (of) the milk is there.

所有的牛奶都在那。

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many, much

Many，much都意为“许多”， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。

How many people are there at the meeting?

How much time has we left?

Many of the workers were at the meeting.

Much of the time was spent on learning.

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few, little, a few,...

(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词

a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点

few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。

He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。

He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。

典型例题:

Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.

A. little B. few C. a little D. a few

答案： A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。

固定搭配:

only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)

many a (=many)

Many books were sold.

Many a book was sold.

卖出了许多书。

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中学语法大全 倒装

目录

倒装句之全部倒装 17

倒装句之部分倒装 17

以否定词开头作部分倒装 18

so, either, nor作部分倒装 18

only在句首要倒装的情况 19

as, though引导的倒装句 19

其他部分倒装 19

倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes. Away they went.

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倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know

答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

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以否定词开头作部分倒装

如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game beganB. has the game begun

C. did the game begin D. had the game begun

答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

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so, either, nor作部分倒装

表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won't go, neither will I.

典型例题

---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

---I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

---It's raining hard. ---So it is.

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only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

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as, though引导的倒装句

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意：

1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意:

让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

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其他部分倒装

1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题：

1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know

答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize

答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

I don't know, ___.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

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中学语法大全 定语从句

目录

定语从句 22

关系代词引导的定语从句 22

关系副词引导的定语从句 22

判断关系代词与关系副词 23

限制性和非限制性定语从句 24

介词+关系词 24

as,which非限定性定语从句 25

先行词和关系词二合一 25

what/whatever/that... 26

关系代词that的用法 26

定语从句

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。

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关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3）which, that

它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）

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关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）when, where, why

关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）that代替关系副词

that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

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判断关系代词与关系副词

方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）

（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。

例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.

A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

答案：例1 D，例2 A

例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.

例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.

在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。

而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

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限制性和非限制性定语从句

1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：

This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）

The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）

2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。

说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

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介词+关系词

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

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as, which非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it B. that C. which D. he

答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..

A. that B. which C. as D. it

答案B.

as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。

(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。

在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法

例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).

例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。

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先行词和关系词二合一

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

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what/whatever/that...

1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.

(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)

2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.

(what 可以用all that代替)

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关系代词that的用法

1）不用that的情况

a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

b) 介词后不能用。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

举例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

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中学语法大全 动词不定式

目录

不定式作宾语 28

不定式作补语 28

不定式主语 30

It's for sb/It's of sb 30

不定式作表语 31

不定式作定语 31

不定式作状语 31

用作介词的to 32

省to 的动词不定式 32

动词不定式的否定式 33

不定式特殊句型too…to… 33

不定式特殊句型so as to 34

不定式特殊句型Why not 34

不定式的时态和语态 34

动名词与不定式 35

不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

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不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

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不定式主语

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

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It's for sb/It's of sb

1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

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不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

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不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles to give light.

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不定式作状语

1）目的状语

To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

What have I said to make you angry.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

I'm glad to see you.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。

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用作介词的to

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，

be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

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省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, have, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4） would rather，had better：

5） Why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题

1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

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动词不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）Tell him ___ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut

D. not shut

答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see

D. having not seen

答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver

C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eating

答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

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不定式特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。

It's never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

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不定式特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

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不定式特殊句型Why not

“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”

例如：

Why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度假?

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不定式的时态和语态

时态语态 主动被动

一般式to do to be done

进行式to be doing

完成式to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

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动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1 stop to dostop doing

2 forget to do forget doing

3 remember to do remember doing

4 regret to do regret doing

5 cease to do cease doing

6 try to do try doing

7 go on to do go on doing

8 afraid to do afraid doing

9 interested to do interested doing

10 mean to domean doing

11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

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中学语法大全 动词

目录

动词 37

系动词 38

什么是助动词 39

助动词be的用法 39

助动词have的用法 40

助动词do 的用法 40

助动词shall和will的用法 41

助动词should,would的用法 41

短语动词 42

非谓语动词 42

动词

1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。

说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：

We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 （having是实义动词。）

He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。

（has是助动词。）

3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。

说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：

She can dance and sing.

她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）

She can sing many English songs.

她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）

4） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：

She sings very well.

她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）

She wants to learn English well.

她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。

说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。

5) 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：

The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）

The young ought to take care of the old.

年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）

6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。

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系动词

系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明：

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He fell ill yesterday.

他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

He fell off the ladder.

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：

He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：

This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

This flower smells very sweet.

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.

例如：

He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。

She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：

The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）

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什么是助动词

1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，例如：

He is singing. 他在唱歌。

He has got married. 他已结婚。

b. 表示语态，例如：

He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句，例如：

Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？

Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：

I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气，例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。

3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

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助动词be的用法

1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：

They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：

The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：

He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。

说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令，例如：

You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。

c. 征求意见，例如：

How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？

Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？

d. 表示相约、商定，例如：

We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

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助动词have的用法

1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：

He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.

上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：

I have been studying English for ten years.

我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。

3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：

English has been taught in China for many years.

中国教英语已经多年。

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助动词do 的用法

1） 构成一般疑问句，例如：

Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？

Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？

2） do + not 构成否定句，例如：

I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。

He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。

In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句，例如：

Don't go there. 不要去那里。

Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。

说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。

4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：

Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。

I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。

I do miss you. 我确实想你。

5） 用于倒装句，例如：

Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。

Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.

只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。

说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。

6） 用作代动词，例如：

---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗？

---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）

He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?

他知道如何开车，对吧？

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助动词shall和will的用法

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：

I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。

He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。

说明：

在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:

He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）

He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）

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助动词should, would的用法

1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：

I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.

我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。

比较：

“What shall I do next week?” I asked.

“我下周干什么？”我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）

2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：

He said he would come. 他说他要来。

比较：

“I will go,” he said. 他说：“我要去那儿。”

变成间接引语，就成了：

He said he would come.

原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。

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短语动词

动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：

Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：

1） 动词+副词，如：black out；

2） 动词+介词，如：look into；

3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。

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非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1）不定式

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 to do to be done

完成式 to have done to have been done

2）动名词

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

3）分词

时态语态 主动 被动

一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词

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中学语法大全 动词的时态

目录

一般现在时的用法 45

一般过去时的用法 45

used to/be used to 46

一般将来时 47

be going to/will 47

be to和be going to 47

一般现在时表将来 48

用现在进行时表示将来 48

现在完成时 48

比较过去时与现在完成时 48

用于现?

综合练习一

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. Ted couldn't remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was ________ Sunday because everybody was at ________ church.

A. /; the B. a; / C. /; a D. the; /

2. I have read the poem several times but it doesn't make any _______ to me.

A. difference B. sense C. meaning D. importance

3. --You've agreed to go? So why aren't you getting ready?

--But I ________ that you would have me start at once.

A. don't realize B. hadn't realized C. didn't realize D. am not realizing

4. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _______.

A. tired B. tiring C. being tired D. having been tired

5. The new appointment (任命) of our president _________ from the very beginning of the next semester.

A. takes effect B. takes place C. takes turns D. takes part

6. It was difficult for her to make an immediate decision as it would affect her present job and her relationship with the manager ________.

A. either B. though C. meanwhile D. as well

7. Don't be discouraged. _____ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.

A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken

8. She was so angry at all _________ he was doing ___________ she stayed up all night.

A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as

9. --Hi, Linda. What do you think of Jack's performance at the sports meeting?

--Not bad. You know, he came very close _________ the first place in the 100-meter race.

A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. to have got

10. --Must I renew the book now?

--No, you _____. You _________ that before the deadline.

A. mustn't; should do B. needn’t; should have done

C. may not; should do D. can't; should have done

11. --What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?

--Well, great! But I don't think much of ______ you bought.

A. the one B. it C. that D. which

12. Jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it ________. She got an A.

A. showed off B. paid off C. put off D. took off

13. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ________ the development and recorded every detail.

A. with B. on C. for D. to

14. --Where is your daughter working?

--In the same company as I. I would rather she ___________ here.

A. had not worked B. not work C. doesn't work D. did not work

15. --We'd better hurry; we'll be late.

--________? Do you really want to listen to the boring lecture?

A. For what B. How so C. What else D. So what

16.Let us suppose that you are in position of parent. Would you allow your child to do such a thing?

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the

17. This is a world-famous novel._______ can be enjoyed from it until you have finished reading it, though.

A. Nothing B. Much C. Few D. Something

18. China’s Women’s Volley Team is an excellent group. Now no team can _______it, whether in spirit or in strategy and tactics (战略技术)

A. beat B. compare C. equal D. win

19. The result of the football match, ______ the delight of us all, was 2 -1 ______ our favor.

A. in, to B. at, in C. in, in D. to, in

20.There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.

A. that B. which C. of which D. what

21. Facing the emergence, we were at a loss and none of us could ______ a solution to the problem.

A. come about B. come out C. come up against D. come up with

22. ---You haven’t said a word about my new hair-style, Molly. Do you like it?

---I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty.

A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say

23. It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay .

A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t

24. It is fairly common in Africa for there ___________ a group of expert musicians surrounded by others who also join in the performances.

A. being B. to be C. be D. is

25. . ----Are you sure that he is able to do the work well?

---- _______ he could give his mind to it.

A. In case B. If only C. On condition that D. Unless

26. Hundreds of _____ of science fiction are published each year in our country.

A. styles B. titles C. subjects D. topics

27. ----No one is so ____ about his joy as Doctor Li.

----You are right. He devotes all his time and energies to his cause.

A. mad B. wild C. serious D. crazy

28. The medicine is supposed to cure this disease, but I’m not sure it .

A. does B. was C. has D. is

29. Mary likes to wear beautiful _____.

A. dress B. cloths C. jacket D. dresses

30. Today a large coal-fired power plant can give out in a single year as much poisonous gas as was blown out by the May 18,1980 outbreak of Mount St. Helens, ______ some. 400,000 ton.

A. its amount was B. amounts to C. amounting to D. it was amounted

31. -- Someone's dropped ________ and poured it on the new carpet.

-- Who _______ it?

A. a coffee cup; has done B. a cup of coffee; did

C. a cup for coffee; did D. a coffee's cup; has clone

32. -- How can I come by the money needed for the project?

-- _________ it from friends or raising a loan from a bank, _________ you may choose.

A. Borrow; whatever B. To borrow; no matter which

C. Borrowing; no matter what D. By borrowing; whichever

33. The seller _________ the CD player for $50, but the customer offered $30.

A. would sell B. used to sell C. sold D. insisted selling

34. Nearly a month had gone by ________ she showed some sign of giving in to her father.

A. until B. before C. since D. after

35. -- Did the door-keeper let you in?

-- No. __________ I tried to tell him that I was your cousin, he just didn't believe me.

A. Regardless of B. Whether C. Even if D. Even though

36. How much of the city have you _________ since you came to work here?

A. covered B. gone C. played D. been

37. I won't go to his party next time. It couldn't have been ________ in fact.

A. any better B. any worse C. so bad D. the best

38. Mother Teresa had the ________ of winning the Nobel Peace Prize for her great ________ helping the poor.

A. distinction; devoting in B. distinction; devotion to

C. honour; success for D. honour; succeed in

39. Whenever I go to Shanghai, _________ is quite frequent, I will visit my former teacher.

A. which B. where C. it D. as it

40. -- Thanks for your trouble.

-- Not at all. I'm _______ pleased to help you.

A. too much B. too only C. so much D. only too

41. By the time he was 38, he had become ________ principal of ________ university.

A. /; an B. /; a C. a; an D. a; the

42. Not in the mood for talking, he kept his friends _______.

A. in the distance B. far away C. at a distance D. a distance away

43. -- I know this is the latest type but it's secondhand. $20 -- that's my last offer.

-- OK. It's a(n) ___________.

A. business B. trade C. agreement D. deal

44. -- How can you ________ that he is from the North?

-- Simply by his accent.

A. get to know B. say C. realize D. tell

45. I don't ________ ghosts but I do ________ my eyes -- I saw it with my own eyes.

A. trust; believe in B. believe; believe in

C. believe in; believe D. believe; trust

46. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that B. as C. why D. when

47. _____ on -going division between English - speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _______ major concern of the country.

A. The; / B. The; a C. An; the D. An; /

48. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of

49. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As C. That D. What

50. I don’t _________ rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.

A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for

责任编辑：李芳芳

分词专项练习

Ⅰ 单项选择

1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.

A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen

2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth .

A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix

3.We're to listen to her _ voice. It's to hear her sing.

A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure

C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure

4. _ a post office, I stopped some stamps.

A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy

5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared

6.Here are some new computer programs for home buildings.

A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design

7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.

A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved

8.The teacher came into the classroom by his students.

A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed.

9.With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.

A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost

10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .

A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear

11.The result of the test was rather .

A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint

12.I've never heard the word in spoken English.

A. use B. used C. using D. to use

13. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.

A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known

14.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.

A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved

15.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.

A. came B. comes C. come D. coming

16. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.

A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown

17.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.

A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered

18.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.

A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed

19.The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.

A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces

20.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.

A. live B. to live C. lived D. living

21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .

A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood

22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .

A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling

23.The library's study room is full of studentsfor the exam.

A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing

24.The ground is with leaves.

A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen

25.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.

A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning

26.The wallet _ several days ago was found __ in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding

27.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.

A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting

28. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.

A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced

29.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to

30.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.

A. considerB. considering C. considered D. be considered

31. many times, he still couldn't understand.

A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. telling

32.The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.

A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported

33.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square kilometres.

A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering

34.“We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the information office.

A. discussed, stared seriously B. being discussed, seriously staring

C. to be discussed, seriously stared D. discussed, stared

35.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

36.“Can you read?” Mary said to the notice.

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

37. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.

A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written

38.Were you when you saw that wild animal?

A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten

39.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.

A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking

40.The child sat in the dentist's chair .

A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled

41.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.

A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce

42.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.

A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing

43.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.

A. heard B. hearing C. heard D. to hear

44.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.

A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting

45.The cars ___ in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.

A. produce, produce B. produced, produced

C. produced, producing D. producing, producing

46.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.

A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined

47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.

A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given

48. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.

A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given

49.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.

A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed

50.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself __ about what's going on in the world.

A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed

Ⅱ. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空

1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.

2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.

3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)

4.Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help.

5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)

6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.

7. His __________(frighten) expression made his wife __________ (surprise).

8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.

9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.

10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

Ⅲ. 改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语

1.Look round when you cross the street.

2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.

3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.

4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.

5.A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.

6.While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.

7.The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.

8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.

9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.

10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.

Ⅳ. 用分词结构翻译下列句子

1. 众所周知,旅游十分有趣,但当我们旅游回来,我们经常感到疲惫.(用分词作表语和状语)

2. 张教授提出的建议被政府拒绝了.( 用分词作定语)

3. 我希望这项工作在星期五前做好. (用分词作宾语补足语)

4. 当我到达这儿我发现他坐在书桌旁. (用分词作状语和宾语补足语)

5. 由于不知道接下来该干什么,他只好向我求助. (用分词作状语)

参考答案

Ⅰ、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.C

11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D

21.D 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.C

31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.B

41.B 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.B 50.C

Ⅱ、1. cheating 2.repairing 3.repaired 4.calling 5.raised

6.playing 7.frightened; surprised 8.running 9.made of 10.lost

Ⅲ、1.Look round when crossing the street.

2.Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.

3.Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.

4.Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.

5.A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.

6.While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.

7.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.

8.The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful.

9.There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.

10.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.

Ⅳ. 1. As is known to us all, traveling is interesting, but we often feel tired when being back from travels.

2. The suggestion put forward by professor Zhang was rejected by the government.

3. I want this work finished by Friday.

4. When getting there, I found him seated / sitting at the desk.

5. Not knowing what to do next, he had to ask me for help.

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综合练习十三

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. I opened the window _____ overlooked the garden.

A. who B. through which C. which D. where

2. Nowhere else_____such perfect silence_____in these mountains.

A. there is…as B. there is…like C. is there…like D. is there…as

3. _____the poor suffered in the underdeveloped area!

A. How hard B. How C. What D. How terrible

4. With all the things he_______,Mr. Smith left the supermarket and went home at once.

A. needed buy B. needed bought C. needed buying D. needs buy

5. John plays the violin______,if not better than David.

A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as

6. Xiamen is___most beautiful coast city and I believe I will come for_____second

time.

A. the…an B. a…a C. the…the D. a…the

7. The first country singer liked singing____the guitar.

A. with B. while played C. to D. by

8. Ten years had passed and I found Mr. Zhang had_____.

A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hairs D. much white hair

9. John_____a book about China last year,but I didn’t know whether he has finished it.

A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing

10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,the earth at night_____,too.

A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold

C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly

11. His close friend and fellow actor_____always encouraging him to write a book on his own experiences during the war.

A. are B. were C. is D. be

12. The nurses are trying their best to quiet the patient’s fear____she would die of the

disease.

A. as B. which C. for which D. that

13. My orders are important, so pay ____ to what I am going to say.

A. interest B. attention C. care D. notice

14. He did not succeed in his task in ____ of all his careful preparations.

A. case B. point C. favor D. spite

15. Though I’m really a very ____ person, I can’t wait for you any longer.

A. patient B. sensitive C. modest D. sociable

16. He lifted the heavy box, and it was the greatest ____ had ever made.

A. strength B. force C. power D. effort

17. ---I can’t get my car______on cold morning.

---Have you tried______radiator with hot water?

A. started…to fill B. started…filling C. start…filling D. start…filling

18. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work._____must be something wrong with it.

A. It B. There C. This D. That

19. The students,______at the way the question was put,didn’t know how to answer it.

A. being surprising B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised

20. We’ll be much obliged if you will be_______to make suggestions for improvement of

our work.

A. so kind as B. enough kind C. so kind D. as kind as

21. ---It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home.

---Anybody in your position______the same.

A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done

22. She______the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.

A. needn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. mustn’t have left D. hadn’t had left

23. When you need help, you should know the private and public sources______you can

turn for assistance.

A. which B. that C. to which D. in that

24.If you are a man, you may point out that most scientists are male; if you are a woman,

you may say that_______are most prisoners.

A. the same B. so C. also D. even

25. I don’t think he could have done such a stupid thing last night,_______?

A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he

26. Higher and higher_____and then the kite was out of sight.

A. flew it B. it flew C. did it fly D. was it flying

27. The sunlight came in ____ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.

A. through B. across C. on D. over

28. So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.

A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel

29. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____?

A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they

30. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.

A. might B. need C. should D. would

31. As I know, there is __ __ car in this neighborhood.

A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a

32. What would have happened, __ __, as far as the river bank?

A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther

C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther

33. ___ __for your laziness,you would be a good student.

A. Were not it B. Were it not C. If were it not D. If were it

34. He fell in love with the girl at first______.

A. scene B. sight C. look D. view

35. You are old enough to______your own living.

A. maintain B. manage C. earn D. arrange

36. What worried the child most was______to visit his mother in the hospital.

A. his now allowing B. his not being allowed

C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed

37. The tower has been rebuilt so that it looks as if______during the 18th century.

A. it were done B. it used to be C. it was done D. it had been done

38. The teacher patiently gave us many examples in order to get the difficult points in the passage fully_____.

A. explaining B. explain C. to explain D. explained

39. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem______they themselves could not.

A. once B. then C. while D. if

40. Her pale face suggested that she_____in bad health,but she still insisted that the

meeting______on time.

A. be…would be held B. was…be held

C. was…should held D. being…was to be held

41. They must have finished their work now,_____?

A. must they B. haven’t they C. didn’t they D. don’t they

42. We’ll discuss such problems______something to do with our own interests.

A. which was B. as have C. as has D. what have

43. ---Will your brother go to the concert?

---_______if I go.

A. So is he B. He does too C. So will he D. So does he

44. ---I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.

---What do you suppose ______to him?

A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened

45. He was seen ______ a letter in his bed room.

A. write B. to write C. written D. wrote

46. Those who learn from their mistakes will change for______.

A. the best B. the better C. better D. good

47. I want to start my own business if I can ______the money

A. claim B. lift C. raise D. demand

48. The college student has got a part-time ______working in the garage.

A. duty B. task C. job D. assignment

49. Ronald Reagan was ______a Hollywood movie star.

A. from time to time B. at times C. at one time D. time and again

50. Our school has sent two ______students to foreign countries every year. So they can

experience a real English environment.

A. dozen B. dozens C. dozens of D. dozen of

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