现在完成时课件

下面是小编为大家整理的现在完成时课件，本文共12篇，仅供大家参考借鉴，希望大家喜欢!

现在完成时课件

一、现在完成时的构成

(一)肯定式

主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它

说明：这里的have /has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：

1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)

2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目前为止还没有找到)

(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)

3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)

(二)否定式

主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它

说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：

1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。

2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。

3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：

4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。

(三)一般疑问式

助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ?

说明：把陈述句中的'have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语+have/has.?否定回答用“No，主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No，not yet./No ，never./No，not even once.”等。实例：

1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?

—Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。

2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?

—No，never.不，从来没有。

3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?

—Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。

注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly(几乎不)，never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗?

二、现在完成时的用法

(一)现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already(已经) ，yet(还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经) ，never(从不) ，before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：

1.already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：

1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

(“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)

2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。

(洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例：

3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?

2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：

1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?

—No，not yet.不，还没有。

2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响)

3.just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。

4.ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?

2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。

5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6.before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：

1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?

2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。

(二)现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法(肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词)：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间

since +点时间

实例：

1)I've lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。

= I've lived here since 13 years ago.

= I've lived here for 13 years.

= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。

= I haven't seen him since three years ago

= I haven't seen him since .

= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .

自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

4)She's been at this school since five years ago.

自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。。。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。

②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1) 他入团两年了。

误：He has joined the League for two years.

正：He has been a League member for two years.

2)我买这辆自行车三年了。

误：I have bought this bike for three years.

正：I have had this bike for three years.

2) ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：

短暂性动词 延续性动词

die → be dead

borrow → keep

buy/catch → have

get up → be up

come → be in

finish → be over

leaver → be away

open → be open

close → be closed

begin → be on

become interested in → be interested in

有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?

☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。

②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。

例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)

He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了)

谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they have worked;   he/she/it has worked

(1)表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态，这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用

We have lived here since last October. 自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。

She has studied English for 5 years. 她学英语已有5年之久

(2) 表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用

I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.

对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了.门开不了了.

She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.

她已经走了.如果你想见她的话，你得明天再来一趟.

英语学习—语法—现在完成进行时

谓语动词构成：I/ we/ you/ they have been working

He / she/ it has been working

(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.

中国有的造纸历史.

I have been learning English since three years ago.

自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.

(2)表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作

We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了.

(3)有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了了.

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了.

(4)大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书.

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书.

(5)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时

I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了.

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等.

英语学习—语法—一般将来时

谓语动词构成：I/ we shall work  ， he/ she/ it/ you/ they will work

will在陈述句中用于各人称，在疑问句中常用于第二人称

(1)表示将要发生的动作

Perhaps I shall play a visit to France this winter.

我可能在今年冬天到法国观光。

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点你会在家吗？

(2)“be going to +不定式”多用于口语中，表示打算、将要发生的事.

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要干什么？

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了.

(3)“be +不定式”表示安排或计划好了的动作

When are they to hand in their plan? 他们的计划什么时候交上来？

The queen is to visit Japan next year. 女王将于明年访日.

(4)“be about +不定式”表示即将发生的动作

He is about to retire. 他即将退休.

The English evening is about to begin. 英语晚会即将开始.

(5)come，go等动词用“一般现在时”表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事

He starts next week. 他下个星期出发.

We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开.

(6)come，go等动词在口语中用“现在进行时”表示主语计划将要作的动作

They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约.

Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？

英语学习—语法—过去完成时

谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they had worked;   he/she/it had worked

(1)表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用

We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.

到上个月底为止我已经学了五千个单词.

I had finished the composition before supper. 晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了.

(2)表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用

When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒来的时候雨就已经停了.

I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语.

(3)用于宾语从句或间接引语中

I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.

我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去.

He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告诉我他已通过考试.

(4)某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事.

I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱不开身.

We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.

我们本来希望乘早班车，却发现车已开了.

(5)用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中

If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.

如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他的面了.

She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.

要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了.

英语学习—语法—过去进行时

谓语动词构成：I/he/she/it was working; we/you/they were working

(1)表示过去某一时刻或过去某段时间内正在进行的动作，一般要有表示过去时间的状语

At that time she was working in Oxford. 那时，她正在牛津大学工作.

It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨六点钟天正下着雨.

What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我给你打电话时你在干什么？

(2)可用来表示由过去某时持续到另一时间的过去动作

He was studying in Cambridge between and .

在和那段时间，他在剑桥学习.

From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.

从3月份到4月份期间，我在埃及旅游.

(3)表示故事发生的.背景

It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank. Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...

一个阳光明媚的清晨.河堤上坐着几个人.有的人在溜狗.不远处有几个男童在踢足球...

(4)与某些动词连用时，代替过去将来时

这类动词有 come来, go去, leave离开, start开始, stay逗留 等.主语必须是人.

He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.

他打电话给我，说他姨很快就要看我了.

五、现在完成时

谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they have worked;   he/she/it has worked

(1)表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态，这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用

We have lived here since last October. 自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。

She has studied English for 5 years. 她学英语已有5年之久

(2) 表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用

I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.

对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了.门开不了了.

She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.

她已经走了.如果你想见她的话，你得明天再来一趟.

英语学习—语法—现在进行时

谓语动词构成：I am =I’m working   ,  she/he/it is = he’s等 working

, We/you/they are =We’re等working

(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作

Please don’t make so much noise, I’m writing a composition.

不要吵闹,我正在写作文.

Let’s set off, it isn’t raining now.咱们出发把,现在天不下雨了.

(2)有时通过上下问可以判断出应采用何种时态

Its four o’clock in the afternoon, the children are playing football on the sports ground.现在是下午4点,孩子们在操场上踢足球.

(3)表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作

We are working in a factory these days.这几天我们在一家工厂工作.

They are compiling a dictionary.他们在编一本词典.

(4)在口语中表示主语计划将要做的动作

They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约.

(5)现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩

He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜欢跟别人吵架.

She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着.

The boy is forever asking questions.那个男孩老是提问问题.

(6)有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情

How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？

I am looking forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再来.

Why are you looking so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？

(7)有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义

Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了.

The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了.

Wait a moment， I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了.

(8)“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的.

He is being foolish. 他在装傻.

He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实.

I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私.

现在完成时课件免费

现在完成时课件免费

教学过程

一、复习预习

1.引入：I have read this book twice. Read 动作发生在过去。

2.现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。

3.现在完成时结构中have/has的作用：通过do/dose/be等联想法推导出have/has的语法能。

二、知识讲解

本节课主要知识点解析，中高考考点、易错点分析

考点/易错点1

基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)

Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义是：郭子君现在在这儿)

My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示），常与for（+时间段）或since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时）

⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since .

考点/易错点2

现在完成时和一般过去式的区别：

一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢？ ①一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语如yesterday, last year, just now等连用；强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。

②现在完成时与自已的特征词already ，yet ，just ，ever ，never，before等连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。

例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)

He has (ever) seen the film before.（现在完成时，表示他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了）

③现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的。如：live， work，study等。而一般现在时对动词是否延续无任何要求。

时间状语的区别：

除了我们讲过的already, yet, still，just, ever, never, since短语和 for短语外，还有许多时间状语常用于现在完成时，我们要留心将它们和一般过去时的时间状语区分开来：

1. lately, recently是完成时的`时间状语；just now 有a moment ago 之意，是过去时的时间状语。如：

Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?

2. in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，常用于完成时中；in the past意思是“在过去”，常用于过去时中。 如：

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.

Where did you work in the past?

3. ever since then与from then on / after that 都有“打那以后”之意，但前者常用于完成时，而后两者常用于过去时。如：

She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.

4. before 通常用于完成时；...ago通常用于过去时。如：

I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.

5. so far“到目前为止”， these days“这些天来”也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。如： So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.

What have you done these days?

考点/易错点3：

现在完成时动词持续性用法

持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间 ／ since +点时间

例：

1）I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。

= I've lived here since 21 years ago.

= I've lived here for 21 years.

= It is 21 years since I began to live here.

注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到；累计)或since（自从。。。到现在）引出的时间状语连用。 ②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1） 他入团两年了。

误：He has joined the League for two years．

正：He has been a League member for two years．

区别：have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法

1. have(has) been in 意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。

2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用。 如：

I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

3. have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：

I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

4. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如： ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。

三、例题精析

【试题】3~5道

【例题1】

【【题干】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

【答案】B

【解析】现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。正确答案是B。

【例题2】

【题干】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see

【答案】B

【解析】现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故应选B。

【例题3】

【题干】—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone

【答案】B

【解析】现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故正确答案为B。

四、课堂运用

【基础】1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

A. already B.never C.ever D. Still

3. Have you met Mr Li ______?

A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

答案及解析：

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。

3、C

【巩固】

1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written

2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good

C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better

3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying

答案及解析：

1、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故2应选D。

2、C

3、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故3应选C。

【拔高】1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see

3. -These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go B. did they go

C. do they go D. have they gone

答案及解析：

1、C

2、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故2应选B。

3、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week ,

a moment ago等）连用。故3的正确答案为B。）

课程小结

1. 现在完成时的定义

2. 现在完成时里表示一段时间的延续性动词以及连续性动词的用法

3. 现在完成时和一般过去时对比和总结

课后作业

【基础】

1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?

-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

3. -Do you know him well ?

Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

答案及解析：

1、B

2、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。

3.B

【巩固】

1. -How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. Began

3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is B. has C. will D. Was

答案及解析：

1、A 2、C 3、A。

【拔高】

1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?

A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they

答案及解析：

1、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。

2、A

3、D

现在完成时英语课件

英语学习—语法—现在完成时

谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they have worked;   he/she/it has worked

(1)表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态，这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用

We have lived here since last October. 自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。

She has studied English for 5 years. 她学英语已有5年之久

(2) 表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用

I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.

对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了.门开不了了.

She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.

她已经走了.如果你想见她的话，你得明天再来一趟.

英语学习—语法—现在完成进行时

谓语动词构成：I/ we/ you/ they have been working

He / she/ it has been working

(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.

中国有的造纸历史.

I have been learning English since three years ago.

自从三年前以来我一直在学英语.

(2)表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作

We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了.

(3)有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.他们在这个城市已经住了了.

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.我在这里已经工作两年了.

(4)大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子

I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）我一直在写一本书.

I have written a book.（动作已经完成）我已经写了一本书.

(5)表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时

I have known him for years. 我认识他已经好几年了.

这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等.

英语学习—语法—一般将来时

谓语动词构成：I/ we shall work  ， he/ she/ it/ you/ they will work

will在陈述句中用于各人称，在疑问句中常用于第二人称

(1)表示将要发生的动作

Perhaps I shall play a visit to France this winter.

我可能在今年冬天到法国观光。

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点你会在家吗？

(2)“be going to +不定式”多用于口语中，表示打算、将要发生的事.

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要干什么？

Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了.

(3)“be +不定式”表示安排或计划好了的动作

When are they to hand in their plan? 他们的计划什么时候交上来？

The queen is to visit Japan next year. 女王将于明年访日.

(4)“be about +不定式”表示即将发生的动作

He is about to retire. 他即将退休.

The English evening is about to begin. 英语晚会即将开始.

(5)come，go等动词用“一般现在时”表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事

He starts next week. 他下个星期出发.

We leave very soon. 我们很快就离开.

(6)come，go等动词在口语中用“现在进行时”表示主语计划将要作的动作

They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约.

Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗？

英语学习—语法—过去完成时

谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they had worked;   he/she/it had worked

(1)表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作，常与由by，before引导的时间状语连用

We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.

到上个月底为止我已经学了五千个单词.

I had finished the composition before supper. 晚饭前我就已经把作文写完了.

(2)表示过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作，常与由when，before等连词引导的时间状语从句连用

When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒来的时候雨就已经停了.

I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我来这儿之前没学过英语.

(3)用于宾语从句或间接引语中

I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.

我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿去.

He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告诉我他已通过考试.

(4)某些动词的过去完成时表示一个打算要做却没有做成的事.

I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算来看你，但有人来找，脱不开身.

We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.

我们本来希望乘早班车，却发现车已开了.

(5)用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句中

If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.

如果你昨天来的话，你就已经见到他的面了.

She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.

要不是这么忙的话，她就已经来了.

英语学习—语法—过去进行时

谓语动词构成：I/he/she/it was working; we/you/they were working

(1)表示过去某一时刻或过去某段时间内正在进行的动作，一般要有表示过去时间的`状语

At that time she was working in Oxford. 那时，她正在牛津大学工作.

It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨六点钟天正下着雨.

What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我给你打电话时你在干什么？

(2)可用来表示由过去某时持续到另一时间的过去动作

He was studying in Cambridge between and .

在和那段时间，他在剑桥学习.

From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.

从3月份到4月份期间，我在埃及旅游.

(3)表示故事发生的背景

It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank. Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...

一个阳光明媚的清晨.河堤上坐着几个人.有的人在溜狗.不远处有几个男童在踢足球...

(4)与某些动词连用时，代替过去将来时

这类动词有 come来, go去, leave离开, start开始, stay逗留 等.主语必须是人.

He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.

他打电话给我，说他姨很快就要看我了.

五、现在完成时

谓语动词构成：I/we/you/they have worked;   he/she/it has worked

(1)表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态，这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用

We have lived here since last October. 自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。

She has studied English for 5 years. 她学英语已有5年之久

(2) 表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用

I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.

对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了.门开不了了.

She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.

她已经走了.如果你想见她的话，你得明天再来一趟.

英语学习—语法—现在进行时

谓语动词构成：I am =I’m working   ,  she/he/it is = he’s等 working

, We/you/they are =We’re等working

(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作

Please don’t make so much noise, I’m writing a composition.

不要吵闹,我正在写作文.

Let’s set off, it isn’t raining now.咱们出发把,现在天不下雨了.

(2)有时通过上下问可以判断出应采用何种时态

Its four o’clock in the afternoon, the children are playing football on the sports ground.现在是下午4点,孩子们在操场上踢足球.

(3)表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作

We are working in a factory these days.这几天我们在一家工厂工作.

They are compiling a dictionary.他们在编一本词典.

(4)在口语中表示主语计划将要做的动作

They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他们将要动身前往纽约.

(5)现在进行时与always等副词连用时带有感情色彩

He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜欢跟别人吵架.

She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着.

The boy is forever asking questions.那个男孩老是提问问题.

(6)有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情

How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何？

I am looking forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再来.

Why are you looking so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？

(7)有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义

Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了.

The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了.

Wait a moment， I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿，我的晚饭就要吃完了.

(8)“be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一样的、甚至是伪装的.

He is being foolish. 他在装傻.

He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实.

I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私.

现在完成时教学课件

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。为了方便老师们教学，分享了现在完成时的课件，一起来看看吧！

一．背景介绍

（一）教材分析：

本课为初三年级语法复习课，在已经复习完动词一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时和过去进行时的基础上，进行动词时态中最重要的现在完成时的复习。课时分配为两节讲练结合课和两节专项练习课。本课为讲练结合课的第一课时。

（二）学情分析：

学生在初二年级学习过现在完成时后，一直没有进行过系统的复习。在前阶段的语法复习中能够看出来学生的对于该语法项目遗忘程度比较严重。而现在完成时在中考中的地位较高，是单选的每年必考的项目，所以针对学生的现状和考试的要求，都要在该时态复习时下一番功夫。

二．教学设计

（一）教学目标

复习现在完成时的构成和两种基本用法。

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

have been to, have gone to和have been in的用法。

（二）教学重点：

现在完成时的两种基本用法。

（三）教学难点：

1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

2.have been to, have gone to和have been in的用法。

三．课堂流程：

课题 现在完成时 课时 1课时 班级 3年5班

教学目标

1.复习现在完成时的构成和两种基本用法。

2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

3.have been to, have gone to和have been in的用法。

教学重点 复习现在完成时的构成和两种基本用法。

教学难点

1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

2.have been to, have gone to和have been in的用法。

教学内容

Step 1 warm up

Translate the following sentences

1. I have lived in Beijing.

2. He has already seen the film.

3. I have not had his lunch yet.

4. She has not visited your school before.

5. Have you ever been to the Forbidden City before ?

6. I have never been to that farm before.

7. I have just lost my English book.

Step 2 presentation

1. 现在完成时构成

主语+have / has  +  过去分词+~

2. 意义

1）现在完成时态表示 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 。

标志词：already   ,yet , just,  before,  never ever

step 3 practice

1. A: ______ your brother _________ a new watch?  (buy)

B: Not yet.

1.提出问题，让学生进行小组讨论：

⑴ When is the Present Perfect Tense used？

⑵ What’s the difference between “have/has gone to” and “have/has been to”？

⑶ What kinds of words or phrases can be often used in the Present Perfect Tense ？

2.检查讨论情况并做典型题例。

此步骤目的在于引导学生进行小组合作，培养合作精神。

Step 4 Revise the difference between the two types of the tense（区别一般过去时与现在完成时）

1.先让学生做一些相关练习，让学生自己发现两种时态的区别并及时总结。

2.让学生举例说明。

此步骤的目的在于鼓励学生主动探究，调动他们学习的积极性和主动性。

Step 5 复习瞬间动词转化为延续动词

1.找错比赛：看谁找得快（做改错练习）。

2.让学生自己归纳总结瞬间动词转化为延续动词的用法。

初中阶段常见的终止性动词转化成延续性动词有：

borrow → keep buy → have

come to → be in（at） come back → be back

begin/start → be on join→ be in/be a member of

die → be dead become → be

leave → be away get to know → know

finish → be over fall asleep → be asleep

catch a cold → have a cold fall ill → be ill

come to work here → work here leave here → be away from here

turn…on/off → keep…on/off

规律： 除了borrow → keep buy → have 其余都可以转化为be +介词或副词或形容词。

口诀：

终止性动词一瞬间，不与时段紧相连。

来买发现停止参加开始变得死离开……

用时千万别胡来，记住要用别的动词来替代。

注：where 和when 引导的.从句一般不用现在完成时，但Where have you been ？除外。

3.典型题例

此步骤目的在于鼓励学生积极参与，扩大学生的参与面。

Step 6 抢答竞赛游戏

利用学生的竞争心理，让学生以小组为单位进行组间竞赛，得分多者为胜，以此调动学生学习的积极性和兴趣，同时达到巩固现在完成时的目的。

练习I. 用already， yet， ever， never， just填空

练习II. 用for， since及how long填空

Step 7 语言实践，编情景会话

设置两个情景，让学生自选两人一组编一个对话，并且用上现在完成时态，将语法知识拓展运用到实际生活当中，引导学生主动探究实践，促进学生多方面能力的综合发展。

Step8： Homework

熟练掌握现在完成时的用法。

板书设计：

结构：have/has + p.p.（动词过去分词）

肯定句式：现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。

否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。

疑问句式：现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

肯定回答用“Yes．．．have（has）．”。

否定回答用“No．．．haven't（hasn't）．”。

现在完成时趣味课件

现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果或表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在。

一、引入：

-Did you visit Beijing before? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn’t.

Have you ever visited Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.

Have you ever been to Beijing? Yes, I ________. No, I ________.

二、定义:

现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或仍在持续的动作、状态；强调对现在的影响或联系。

三、结构:

have/has+p.p.(动词过去分词)

接触一：肯定句式 现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。如：

① We have just finished our homework．

② She has gone home．

注意：

1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。

3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。

接触二：否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。如：

⑥ We haven‘t studied Unit 2 yet．

⑦ The train hasn't stopped yet．

接触三：疑问句式 现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

③ Have you read this story book yet？

特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：

④ What have you done with my bike?

⑤ You've read this story book, haven't you?

注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。

2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，

往往译成“……过吗？”、“已经……了吗？”等。

3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，

否定回答用“No，．．．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。

四、过去分词（规则＋ed）

1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed 2）liked lived moved

3）stopped dropped robbed planned， preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried

五、现在完成时常与一些词、词组连用 :

1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经） 、

yet（仍、还）、just （刚刚）、before（以前)

2、for +一段时间 : for two days 有两天了

3. in the past/last＋一段时间 : in the past ten years 在刚过去的十年里

4. since + 过去某一个时间: since 1991 : 自从1991年到现在

一段时间 + ago since 14 years ago: 自从前到现在

一般过去时句子: since I was born : 自从我出生到现在

already, yet, ever, never, just的用法

Already 肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.

I have already finished my homework.

= I have finished my homework already.

yet 否定句、问句，表示还没，没有的意思,放句末

He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

Has he finished his homework yet?

ever 问句，表示曾经的意思 Has John ever been to Zhuhai?

never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示从没的意思 He has never been to China.

just 肯定句，表示刚刚的意思 I have just come back from China.

练习：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空

1. Have you seen the film ( )?

2. Have you done your homework ( )? -Not ( ), I will do it after supper.

3. Have you ( ) been to England? -no, ( ).

4. I have ( ) finished reading the book.

5. I have ( ) paid for the car.

for, since及how long

For + 时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间

Joey has been in New York for 10 years.

Since + 时间点（具体时间/ … ago/ 某个动作发生的时间 ）：

表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间

Joey has been in New York since .

Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.

Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.

两者都可以回答由How long引导的问题。

How long has Joey been in New York?

练习：用for, since及how long填空

1. The wind has blown ( ) 2 hours.

2. The dog has stayed there ( ) it ate its dinner.

3. ( ) has the old man lain in bed?

4. The teacher has thought about the problem ( ) yesterday.

5. The horse has run ( ) quite a long time.

6. The ducks have swum ( ) thirty minutes.

7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( ) 7 years old.

六、have been to, have gone to

Have (has) been to表示曾经到过某地（通常现在已经回来了）

My mother has been to London twice. 妈妈去过两次伦敦。（妈妈现在已经回来了，在家）

Have (has) gone to 表示已经去了某地（通常不在说话的`地方）

My mother has gone to London. 妈妈去了伦敦。（妈妈现在就在伦敦，不在家）

练习：

1. Jenny is well-traveled. She has ______________ to Germany twice.

2. Jane isn’t in now. She has ______________ to the office. Can I take a message?

3. My father is a successful businessman. He’s ______________ to many countries.

4. It’s a dangerous place. Nobody has ever ______________there.

5. The manager has ______________to Beijing. He will be back tomorrow.

6. The tiger of the zoo is missing. None of us knows where it has______________.

have been to, have been in, have been

Have been to 去过某地，现在不在那里 I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.

Have been in 一直呆在某地，后接地点

I came to Zhuhai in . So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.

Have been 后接名词和表状态的词组 I have been a teacher since 2004.

I have been at No. 4 Middle School for 2 years.

练习：

1.A: Where’s Jim, Li Lei?

B: He ______________the school library.

2.The Greens _____________China for three years.

We _____________the Great Wall twice. It’s very beautiful.

1. Some of us have ______________ Zhuhai for only a week.

2. Susan has ______________ in this band for over five years.

3. My father has ______________Guangdong several times.

4. It has ______________a long time since I first met Johnny.

5. He loves Zhuhai and he has ______________ there quite a few times.

6. Judie has always______________a good student and her classmates like her.

7. Tony has ______________ America before, so this time he will travel to France.

8. Betty’s ______________ at home for three days. She doesn’t feeling like going out.

9. The boss has ______________ the office since early this morning. He works hard.

七、瞬间动词和持续性动词用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历；

瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

Julia has borrowed the book. Julia已经借了那本书。

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

Julia has kept the book for 3 days. Julia已借了三天这本书了。

用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示“做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示“到…才…”

He didn‘t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

瞬间动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.

1.直接用延续性动词

buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep Come/go /become—be

put on-- wear

2.转换成be+名词

join the army – be a soldier

Join the Party –be a Party member

go to school– be a student

3转换成be+形容词或副词

die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on

leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed

4.转换成 be+介词短语

go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army

1.我们买这本书三年了.

We have had the book for three years.

We bought the book three years ago

2.他感冒三天了.

He has had a cold for three days.

He caught a cold three days ago.

1. His uncle ____________ (die) for two years.

2.He left his hometown three years ago. (改为同义句)

He ________ _______ _________ _______ his hometown for three years.

瞬间动词和持续动词的练习

判断正误：

1. Ann has become a teacher for 4 years.

2. Maria has borrowed the CD from me for a over a week.

3. Jeff hasn’t had a day off since last Monday.

4. Norman has put the machine right for a few hours.

5. The students have finished the homework for a while.

6. The front door has been open for 8 hours already.

7. The meeting has lasted for two hours and a half.

8. Berry has been late for school several times this term.

9. I have met Philip once.

10. The Greens have eaten the supper for two hours.

八、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和过去具体的时间连用,而过去时可以.一般过去时常和过去时间短语连用。

1. He ____________(work) in our school for one year.

2. He ______(come) to our school last year/in .

3. They _______________(cook) the supper already.

4. They ___________ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.

练习：Finish the sentences with the correct tenses:

A city ________ (be) born beside the Pearl River years ago. Later it__________ (become) bigger and more important. It _______________ (change) a lot in the last few years. Now the Baiyun Hills,Tianhe and Fangcun_______________(be) parts of the City. Baiyun hotel ___________(be) once the tallest building in China. But now many buildings _________ ( be) much taller than it . People in Guangzhou ____________(build) many new buildings these years. In its long life, the city ___________(have) four names.Do you know what are they ?

现在完成时巩固练习

Multiple choice

1. You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?

A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you

2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai. ---So ________ her parents.

A. do B. does C. has D. have

3. – I have watched the game.

--When ____ you ____ it?

A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch

4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.

A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live

5. His grandma ______ for two years.

A died B has been dead C was dead D has died

6. –Where is Han Mei now?

--- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.

A has gone B has been C goes D had gone

7. ---_____ to the United Stated ? ---- No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.

A. Did you go B. Do you go C. Have you been D. Have you gone

8. You haven’t changed your mind,_______?

A do you B are you C have you D did you

（1-8 BDCBB ACC）

Translation

1. I have already finished my homework．

我已经做完家庭作业了。

2. He has just had his meal．

他刚吃过饭。

3. Have you ever sung this English song？

你曾唱过这首英文歌吗？

4. They haven’t started yet．

他们还没有动身。

5. We have never heard of it．

我们从来没有听说过这件事。

6. I've been to Beijing three times.

我去过北京三次。

阅读理解

I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer . He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different place in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there , he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.

1. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?

The writer has been in Australia for 6 months.

Tim is a mechanic and he’s working in Australia.

Tim is working for an Australian firm.

Tim is working for a big firm as an engineer.

2. Only one of these statements is true. Which one?

Time has been in Darwin for 6 months.

It’s the first time Tim has ever been to another country.

Perth is in the centre of Australia.

Tim’s brother has never been abroad before.

写作平台

1、Talk about some places which you are interested in. Why do you like there?

2、用英语写一段话，要求组织好材料，安排层次，勘酌词句，并注意书写工整。

字数在60字以上。

1）上星期天我去杭州旅游。

2）我以前从没去过如此美丽的城市。

3）杭州以西湖著名，有许多名胜古迹。

4）游园，划船，爬山，美好时刻，终生难忘．

现在完成时讲解课件

英语现在完成时：一、现在完成时的构成

(一)肯定式

主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它

说明：这里的have /has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。 has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例：

1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)

2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。 (表示到目前为止还没有找到)

(如果用过去时：She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作，而不知现在有没有找到)

3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)

(二)否定式

主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它

说明：现在完成时构成否定句时，只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not，has not的缩略式分别为haven't ，hasn't。另外，肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定时要分别改成any，yet。实例：

1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。

2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。

3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：

4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。

(三)一般疑问式

助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ?

说明：把陈述句中的have或has放到句首，句末打问号，同时把句中的some ，already改为any ，ye t就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes ，主语+have/has.?否定回答用“No，主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No，not yet./No ，never./No，not even once.”等。实例：

1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?

—Yes ，I have .是的，我做过。

2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?

—No，never.不，从来没有。

3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?

—Yes ，they have.是的，他们找到了。

注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly(几乎不)，never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗?

英语现在完成时：二、现在完成时的用法

(一)现在完成时的用法1：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时，常与时间副词already(已经) ，yet(还、已经) ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever(曾经) ，never(从不) ，before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下：

1.already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例：

1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。

(“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的'内容”。)

2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。

(洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)

注意：在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时，already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例：

3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?

2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末。实例：

1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?

—No，not yet.不，还没有。

2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .

那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响)

3.just意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来。

4.ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?

2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。

5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾，而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例：

I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

6.before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。实例：

1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?

2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。

(二)现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法(肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词)：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for +一段时间?或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。

for + 段时间

since +点时间

实例：

1)I've lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里。

= I've lived here since 13 years ago.

= I've lived here for 13 years.

= It is 13 years since I began to live here.

2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了。

= I haven't seen him since three years ago

= I haven't seen him since 2000.

= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .

自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

4)She's been at this school since five years ago.

自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从。。。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。

②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long

1) 他入团两年了。

误：He has joined the League for two years.

正：He has been a League member for two years.

2)我买这辆自行车三年了。

误：I have bought this bike for three years.

正：I have had this bike for three years.

2) ▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：

短暂性动词 延续性动词

die → be dead

borrow → keep

buy/catch → have

get up → be up

come → be in

finish → be over

leaver → be away

open → be open

close → be closed

begin → be on

become interested in → be interested in

有人可能会问：一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去，那么这两种时态有什么区别呢?

☆答：①一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如：yesterday连用;强调动作在过去发生，与现在无关。

②现在完成时与自已的特征词连用，强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。

例： He saw the film last night. (过去时，表示他昨晚看过那部电影了，现在不知还要不要再看一次)

He has (ever) seen the film before.(现在完成时，表时他已看过那部电影，现在不想再看了)

英语现在完成时巩固练习

I.按要求转换下列各句，每空一词。

1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句)

He _______ finished his homework ________.

2.They have found the lost books already.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)

______ they _______ the lost books _______?No，they________.

3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句)

Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .

4.You have never been to Shanghai before，_________ _________ ?(改为反意疑问句)

5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改为反意疑问句)

6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in .(改为同义句)

Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.

7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同义句)

He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.

8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (对划线提问)

II.选择正确答案。

( )1.—Who is Mary ?

—____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .

A.Don't you meet her yet

B.Didn't you met her yet

C.Haven't you met her yet

D.Hadn't you met her yet

( )2.—How do you like Beijing ，Mr Black?

—Oh ，I ____ such a beautiful city .

A.don't visit

B.didn't visit

C.haven't visited

D.hadn't visited

( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.

A.don't feel

B.hasn't felt

C.haven't felt

D.didn't feel

( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.

A.when

B.since

C.before

D.after

教学目标

1.熟练掌握现在完成时的构成及含义

2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

3.现在完成时中最易犯错的两对词

媒体准备

aproject，someslides

教学方法

多媒体辅助教学，任务型教学法

教学流程

导入（leading）

通过引入汉语中的一句谚语：冬天来了,春天还会远吗?英语中同样有类似的表达：ifwinterhascome,canspringbefarbehind?而在这个if引导的条件状语从句中从句ifwinterhascome就是现在完成时，从而进入本课题现在完成时。

呈现（presentation）

1.step1

现在完成时的构成：

主语+have/has+done(当主语是第三人称单数时用has，其余人称用have)

（插入图片，使学习更具趣味性，减少语法学习的'枯燥性，提高积极性）

2.step2

用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系,即:动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在。

eg:theyhaveleft.

--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里。

ihavehadmylunch.

--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿。

也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

eg:hehaslearnedenglishsince.

--从开始学的,现在还在继续学。

（通过举例子来理解现在完成时的含义，由浅入深，层层递进，学以致用）

3.step3

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情

现在完成时表示的是在过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者发生在过去却对现在造成的影响

（用数轴的形式来理解区别，更直观形象，更易接受，符合初中生学习的心理特点）

4.step4

现在完成时中最易搞错的两对词：

（一）always与yet

1）先列举三个例子：

a.liu'aoisnothungry.hehasalreadyeaten.

b.su'anishungry.he'snoteatenyet.

c.haveyoueatenyet?

由此already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。

2）再通过翻译句子来熟练这两个的用法

我们已完成作业了。

wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.

他们还没有完成作业。

theyhaven’tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.

（二）since与for

a.i’vebeenheresince.

b.she’sbeenthereforanhour.

since：引导的短语表示时间点，意为“自从…以来”，如since1982

for:引导的短语表示一段时间，如：fortenyears

请在下列时间前填上for或since：

for tenmonths

for fiveyears

since1995

since3minutesago

（这种归纳总结在语法教学中屡试不爽，反应也还比较快，效果可见一斑）

由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： ①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。 ②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：for two months, so far等。

时态结构

现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义：

①表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，already，before，so far, by now等连用。

②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。[1]

在“it is the first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；表示到说话时为止动作发生过几次。在“it + be...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。have/has/had +been +动词的现在进行时。

1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；

2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。

比较过去时与现在完成时

1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的'事情对现在的影响，强调的是result (结果）。

2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:

this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,

不确定的时间状语

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.

过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

举例：

I saw this film yesterday.

（强调看的动作发生过了。）

I have seen this film.

（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?

（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?

（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）

She has returned from Paris.

她已从巴黎回来了。

She returned yesterday.

她是昨天回来了。

He has been in the League for three years.

(在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years.

(是团员的状态可持续)

He joined the League three years ago.

( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)

I have finished my homework now.

---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?

---He's already been sent for.

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

It is the first time that I have visited the city.

It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2）This is the… that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时.

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。

典型例题

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.

（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。

I have lived here for more than twenty years.

I have lived here since I was born..

My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years.

(我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.

(现在我仍在这里工作。)

小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。

(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.

= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.

(错) Harry has got married for six years.

= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years.

现在完成时说课课件

现在完成时说课课件

（一）内容分析

现在完成时是课程标准要求学生重点掌握的语法项目，也是初中英语语法的重点和难点之一。语法现象较为复杂，难度较大，是中考重点考查的内容之一。

其考点主要体现在：

1. 基本用法。

2. have gone to / have been to/ have been in 的区别。

3. 延续性动词和费延续性动词在现在完成时中的应用。

4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。根据以上考点的分析和发展学生的综合运用语言的能力为宗旨制定一下教学目标

（二）教学目标：

1.知识与能力：通过复习使学生巩固现在完成时和一般过去时的有关知识，能够运用所学知识解决时态的题目。

2.过程与方法：通过复习提高学生综合运用所学知识解决问题的能力。

3.情感态度：通过复习使学生树立较强的自信心，形成克服困难的意志。

（三）教学重难点由于英语和汉语两种语言对

“完成”和“过去”概念定义的差异，学生往往对两种时态的含义和用法产生混淆，同时两种时态既有联系又有区别，因此，正确理解现在完成时和一般过去时的用法及区别，正确使用现在完成时和一般过去时解决有关时态的题目既是本节课的重点，又是本节课的`难点。

二．教法学法分析

说教法：结合教材和复习课的特点，采用讲授和练习相结合的教学方法。精讲巧练，循序渐进地深化教学内容。展开以教师为主导，以学生为主体的师生双边活动。

说学法：结合教学内容，在课堂上指导学生使用了比较归纳、分析概括的方法，这样不仅有利于学生更好地从整体上理解和把握知识的结构和体系，更有利于发展学生求同辩异的思维能力，培养学生的自学能力。

三．教学过程分析

第一步：知识复习总结，首先分别复习现在完成时和一般过去时的有关知识，对重点进行分析并结合习题进行巩固，再对两种时态进行比较归纳，使学生从整体上理解和把握这两种时态的结构和体系。

第二步：知识点练习。结合历届中考试题中部分考查现在完成时和一般过去时的试题让学生在规定时间内完成。达到让学生熟练运用所学知识，培养学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力的目标。

第三步：知识点练习。结合历届中考试题中部分考查现在完成时和一般过去时的试题让学生在规定时间内完成。达到让学生熟练运用所学知识，培养学生运用所学知识解决问题的能力的目标。

四．教学反思

通过本节复习课，学生掌握了现在完成时的各种用法以及现在完成时和一般过去时的区别，能够运用所掌握的知识解决遇到的题目，效果较好。但由于时间关系练习量太少。

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