英语作文中常见的典型语法错误分析
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以下是小编为大家准备的英语作文中常见的典型语法错误分析,本文共19篇,希望对大家有帮助。
英语作文中常见的典型语法错误分析
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程当中,语法错误,尤其是较为严重的错误,是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”,有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的,大家可以设想一下,一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的'作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分,那将得不偿失。因此,认清各种各样的语法错误,尽可能地避免少犯,对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程当中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类,抽出其中的典型错误,以警示大家,供参考。
1。句子成分残缺不全
we always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)
we are always working /we always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
we should read books may be useful to us。 (误)
we should read books which may be useful to us。 (正)
2。句子成分多余
this test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you。 (误)
one test ends, but another is waiting for you。 (正)
the driver of the red car was died on the spot。 (误)
the driver of the red car died on the spot。 (正)
3。主谓不一致
someone/somebody think that reading should be selective。 (误)
some think that reading should be selective。 (正)
my sister go to the cinema at least once a week。 (误)
my sister goes to the cinema at least once a week。 (正)
4。动词时态、语态的误用
i was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street。 (误)
i was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street。 (正)
we have little time to read some books which we interest。 (误)
we have little time to read some books in which we are interested。 (正)
i am a student who has studying in the college for two years。 (误)
i have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5。词类混淆
it is my point that reading must be selectively。 (误)
in my opinion, reading must be selective。 (正)
honest is so important for everyperson。 (误)
honesty is so important for everyone。 (正)
the old man was hit by a car when he across the street。 (误)
the old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street。 (正)
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中,语法错误,尤其是较为严重的错误,是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”,有时甚至是惟一的点;当然那样处理是有道理的,大家可以设想一下,一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢?如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分,那将得不偿失。因此,认清各种各样的'语法错误,尽可能地避免少犯,对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类,抽出其中的典型错误,以警示大家,供参考。
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
英语作文常见典型语法错误
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
We are always working /we always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years.(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
英语作文常见典型语法错误
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams。(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
中考英语作文十大常见错误分析
1. 审题不清
如中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”,偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2.拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3.名词单复数问题:
误 My father and my mother is all teacher.
正 My father and my mother are both teachers.
4.缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有 动词来构成,如:“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:I'm tired.
误 I happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
正 I am happy I can come to Beijing Zoo.
误 The apples cheap. I'll take some.
正 The apples are cheap. I'll take some.
5.缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,造成丢分现象。
误 Because heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
正 Because of the heavy rain we can't hold the sports meeting.
6.代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分;此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可省略的,代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。
误 I mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for I father.
正 My mother and I went to the shop to buy a present for my father.
7.句子不完整
有的.考生因为对句子结构认识模糊,所以出现只写半句的现象,这也是造成失分的原因之一。
误 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school.
(这段文章的第二句话没有动词,他不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。)
正 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college, for example, my friend in high school.
8.前后不一致
所谓不一致,包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等.
例1. When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.
(人一旦有了知识,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致.
改为 When one has knowledge , he can do what he wants (to do)
9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误
汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对英语来说,这些都至关重要。例:
误 When I get to the station the train leave.
正 When I got to the station the train had left.
10.综合性错误:
综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等,以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累,所以考生应该从平时练习出发,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养。
俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功,必须从平时的课堂学习一
点一滴抓起,持之以恒。
一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体,任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文
的质量。然而,很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意,或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数
、第三人称单数不加s,前后不一致,以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。
1.审题不清
如XX年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动
”,偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何
规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2.拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错
误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影
响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3.名词单复数问题:
误Myfatherandmymotherisallteacher.
正Myfatherandmymotherarebothteachers.
4.缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成,如:“我累了
。”这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:I‘mtired.
误IhappyIcancometoBeijingZoo.
正IamhappyIcancometoBeijingZoo.
误Theapplescheap.I’lltakesome.
正Theapplesarecheap.I‘lltakesome.
5.缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明
显的错误,造成丢分现象。
误Becauseheavyrainwecan’tholdthesportsmeeting.
正Becauseoftheheavyrainwecan‘tholdthesportsmeeting.
6.代词的误用
英语中代词的形式很多,包括主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词等。而汉语中没有主格和宾格、形
容词性物主代词和名次性物主代词之分;此外汉语中很多时候不用物主代词,而英语中物主代词是不可
省略的,代词的误用是考生最容易发生的错误。
误ImotherandIwenttotheshoptobuyapresentforIfather.
正MymotherandIwenttotheshoptobuyapresentformyfather.
7.句子不完整
有的考生因为对句子结构认识模糊,所以出现只写半句的现象,这也是造成失分的原因之一。
误Manystudentshaveahardtimepassingalltheteststogetintocollege.Forexample,myfriendinhig
hschool.
(这段文章的第二句话没有动词,他不能独立构成一个句子。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方
法是将两个句子连接起来。)
正Manystudentshaveahardtimepassingalltheteststogetintocollege,forexample,myfriendinhig
hschool.
8.前后不一致
所谓不一致,包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致、主谓不一致等.
例1.Whenonehaveknowledge,hecandowhathewanttodo.
(人一旦有了知识,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主
谓不一致.
改为Whenonehasknowledge,hecandowhathewants(todo)
9.时态、人称和数的搭配错误
汉语动词无时态、人称和数的变化,而对英语来说,这些都至关重要。例:
误WhenIgettothestationthetrainleave.
正WhenIgottothestationthetrainhadleft.
10.综合性错误
综合性错误是指单词的大小写和标点符号的错误等,以及形容词和副词的混淆、连词的误用等等。
这些都是靠考生平时知识的积累,所以考生应该从平时练习出发,每天坚持写英语日记,多读适合自己
英语水平的原版著作,提高自己的英语素养。
英语写作常见五类语法错误分析
1.句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(误)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
2.句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (误)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
3.主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (误)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
4.动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (误)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
5.词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (误)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (误)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
高考英语作文常见语法错误
1、主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。例如:
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析:
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
2、时态
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析:
第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时态。
3、语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如:
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确的句子:
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显,这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误,其中之一是,常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
4、固定搭配
错误有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候,不记搭配和真正用法,错误如下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子:
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析,中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
5、非谓语动词
错误由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白,对句子结构分析不正确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,如果有另外一个动词出现,这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语,但是这时候必须有连词,如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现,现在分词和过去分词,还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义,而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的意义。例如:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析:
a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来修饰things,此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语,跟所修饰的'名词之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行,因此用“sleeping”,相当于 “the child who is sleeping“。
6、冠词错误
学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词,或者说不重视冠词这个问题,常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。
冠词考查分两个方面,一是冠词的残缺或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。
英汉名词确有许多共同点,但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分,汉语里没有,且一般情况下,名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此,英语写作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时,学生往往会犯错误。
不过,在使用英语不可数名词时,又会出现两种情况,一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰,如上述提及的几个名词:另一种情况是,少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后,可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间),rain(雨)。所以我们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如:
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正确的句子:
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
7、代词的错误
代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词,要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,关系代词which与关系副词when, where,以及what与how的误用等。例如:
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正确的句子:
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
汉语里,人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而且每格都具有其自身的用途,分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是,人称代词充当介词宾语时,也要采用其宾格形式。
8、连词的错误
连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。例如:
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正确的句子:
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.1f you go this way,you will soon see the hospital.
9、名词的错误
名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如:
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正确的句子:
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
10、情态动词和助动词的错误
这类错误有以下几种情况:
① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;
② 情态动词后的动词加“s”
③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”
④will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;
⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;
⑥助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s”;
⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。例如:
a. I could did my homework.
b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
正确的句子:
a. I could do my homework.
b. He may go to school by bike every day.
英语写作中常见语法错误的改正方法
主谓不一致,人称与动词不符。例如:
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (误)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
上面例句中,主语是My sister ,为第三人称,所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式goes才正确,这种主谓不一致的错误在写作中是很常见的问题,稍一疏忽就会犯,考生需要更加细心才行。
句子成分残缺不全,语句不通。例如:
We should read books may be useful to us. (误)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
这是一个定语从句的例句,其中which在从句中做的是主语,所以不能省略,一旦省略就会造成句子成分残缺,考试中大家在写完一句话时要记得读一遍看看通不通顺。
句子成分多余,累赘复杂。例如:
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (误)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
这一句的错误有点中式英语的'味道,逐字逐句对应翻译,there is 放在这里,累赘而又繁琐。
动词时态、语态的误用,前后不一致。例如:
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (误)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
这个例句中前面是was walking ,所以后面也要用相应的过去进行时were,同一个句子里,没有特殊情况,前后时态时要保持一致的。
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (误)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
这一句也可以说是定语从句语法错误,be interested in是我们都知道的固定搭配,所以它后面跟宾语一定要有介词in,所以从句引导词要用 in which 。
词类混淆,词性不明。例如:
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (误)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
这句中,be 后面是形容 reading 的意思,所以要用到一个形容词,而selectively明显是一个副词。
名词可数与不可数的错误。例如:
In modern society, people are under various pressures(误)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
pressure是一种无形的但是有很多种类的事物,所以不能直接在后面加复数s,但是要形容他多,各种各样后面加一个种类kinds of 就正确表达出了复数形式。
及物动词与不及物动词的误用。例如:
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (误)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
发生是一个主动的过程,没有什么事是被发生的,所以不能用was taken place 。
情态动词的误用。例如:
They should spent much time. (误)
They should spend much time. (正)
情态动词后面常常跟动词原形,所以spend要用原型。
动宾搭配不当。例如:
We must ppay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (误)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
There be句型的误用。例如:
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (误)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There be句型中动词一般用原型,exist/arise 不需要变成第三人称单数形式。
以上只是英语写作中大家容易犯的一些语法错误,实际上在平时,我们看来,这些错误都很简单,但是考试的时候由于粗心大意,越是简单的东西越不仔细留心就越容易出错,老师为大家总结的错误都是具有代表性的,希望大家好好了解上面这些错误,争取自己在考试中不要重蹈覆辙,预祝大家考试顺利!
浅谈初中学生英语写作中的常见语法错误与对策
文/邢 群
摘 要:通过分析初中生英语作文中常见的语法错误,探究如何减少避免写作中的语法失分,从而提高英语写作水平。
一、中考中对写作的要求
开始上海市中考英语试卷writing(写作)分值调整为20分,其中内容分为8分,语言分为8分,组织结构分为4分。中考中对写作的三方面能力一般要求为:
内容:切题、充实、不写废话;意思连贯,表达清楚、准确、完整。
语言:基本正确;用语规范,无或少见语法错误;拼写、大小写和标点正确。
结构:词汇和句型句式运用恰当自如;文中有值得肯定的好的句型和表达形式。
通过对中考英语写作三方面能力的要求分析,笔者发现,在内容上切题对于学生来说不是一个很难的问题,中考要求英语写话至少60字,学生英语写作受中文写作的影响较大,所以对于一篇60~100字的英语作文,在内容的切题和充实上应该不是问题。近年来中考作文题目也很贴近学生生活,发挥的空间也很广泛,学生是有话可写的。然而通过近年来英语写作的教学实践和学情分析,笔者发现在英语写作时,学生在语言点上的失分却十分严重,因为语法功底的薄弱,很难拿到语言分中的8分和结构分上的4分。初中学生还属于英语初学者,语言功底尚浅,所以笔者认为,英语的写作中最需要解决的问题还是词汇和语法的问题。对于大多数初中学生来说,写作的主要障碍在于单词和语法,这是英语写作中最基本的问题,只有解决了这个问题,学生在写作上才能有更高层次的发展。
在英语写作中,初学者常常会犯各种各样的语法错误,因而为了提高初中学生的英语写作水平,对于学生在写作是常见的错误进行分析就很有必要。
二、初中学生在英语写作中的常见语法错误
(一)主谓不一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。但是中国学生由于受到母语中文无人称、数、时态的变化这一影响,经常会犯主谓不一致的错误。如,在上海版牛津英语6A Unit2 I have a good friend一单元中,教师要求学生以“My good friend”为题写话,学生普遍的书面表达错误如下:
(错误)He always help other people.(主语单数he,谓语用复数help,所以为错误的句子)
(正确)He always helps other people.
(错误)She never tell lies.(主语单数she,谓语用复数tell,所以为错误的句子)
(正确)She never tells lies.
此类错误在学生习作中屡见不鲜,可以说主谓不一致是初中学生在语法中常犯的一个错误。
(二)词类误用
词类,是指词的'基本类型。英语语法将英语词分为十类:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、介词、感叹词、冠词和数词(张道真,1995)。由于中英文词汇的词类和意义并无完全一一对应的关系,所以准确把握和应用所有英语词的词类是中国学生英语学习的一个难点。词类误用在初中生的英语写作中更是频频出现。
1.名词与形容词的误用
例如,在初三阶段的一次单元测验中,遇到“…bring(s)me happiness”一篇写作练习,学生突出的语法错误为:I am happiness.I live in a happiness family.(此两处的主要语法错误就是词类误用,happiness是一个名词,然而在be动词后应该使用形容词;而且family是一个名词,也应该用形容词来修饰,两处均误用名词修饰,犯了错误。正确的句子应该是:I am happy.I live in a happy family.)
又如,在习作“Talent in my eyes”一文中,学生通常会用“What can you learn from him/her?”这个问题来结束全文,但是对于这个问题的回答,却错误百出,如:I can learn helpful from her.I can learn brave from him.(此两处也属于词类误用,在动词learn后是不可以使用形容词的。)
2.代词的误用
代词几乎是学生每一篇习作中都会使用到的词类。但是代词的误用在同一词类词汇的误用中占的比例最大。初中学生的习作中经常会有如下错误:
I like he.(like是动词,动词后应该用人称代词的宾格形式,所以正确的句子应该是I like him.)
She’s name is Susan.(name是一个名词,需要用形容词性的物主代词来修饰,所以正确的句子应该是:Her name is Susan.)
She teaches our English.(动词teach后接双宾语,应该是teach sb sth,所以正确的句子应该是:She teaches us English.)
I usually play badminton with she.(with是一个介词,根据语法规则,介词后用人称代词的宾格,所以正确的句子为:I usually play badminton with her.)
(三)冠词使用错误
1.定冠词the多余或者遗漏
Many tourists usually visit Great Wall.(定冠词the遗漏,有普通名词构成的专有名词前要加the)
Tourists usually visit the Yu Garden.(定冠词the多余)
2.a与an之间使用错误
What a honest boy he is!(honest的首字母是辅音字母,但是h不发音,这个单词是以元音开头的,所以应该用an。)
It is a indoor activity.(此处indoor也发元音,也应该使用an,而不是a)
(四)名词单复数错误
1.修饰可数名词时,a/an与s同时使用,单复数混乱
I like reading a books.(a使用多余)
It is a happy things.(s使用多余)
2.不可数名词前加a/an,或不可数名词后加s
He always helps me with my homeworks.(homework不可数,不可数名词不可加s)
3.可数名词没有a/an或s修饰
Playing football is outdoor activity.(an遗漏)
I think reading book can make us clever.(可数名词book的出现既没有加a/an,也没有加s,此处应该在book后加s)
(五)介词使用错误
对于初中学生来说,他们的语法意识不强,对于英语写作中的小细节随意性很强,他们在介词上常见的错误有:介词与动词搭配错误:表达时间或地点时,介词in,on,at滥用等。在写作中,经常能见到学生写出下列错句,如,
She usually helps me at my homework.(此处动词help通常与with搭配,不与at搭配使用)
In that day,I received a lot of things from my friends and classmates.(在那一天我们通常表达成on that day,而不是in that day)
(六)动词使用错误
动词是英语词类中的大家族。动词在英语写作中的作用十分重要。初中学生在写作时动词的使用对他们来说是个难点。因此,所犯错误也较多,其中主要是主谓结构使用错误、非谓语的使用错误和时态错误。
1.主谓结构使用错误,造成句子成分多余或残缺
We were bought a big cake.(一个简单句一般只有一个主谓结构,此处句子中谓语动词有两个,其中were多余,应该删除。)
Don’t unhappy.(一个简单句中必须有一个谓语动词,此句缺少谓语动词,应该在unhappy前加一个be动词。)
I can entering a key high school.(此处句子的谓语动词使用错误,情态动词can后应该加动词原形,所以此句应该改为:I can enter a key high school.)
I should be help others.(此处谓语动词多余,应该去掉be动词。)
2.非谓语动词使用错误
I like play basketball.(like后的动词一般使用动名词形式,但受母语的表达习惯的影响,学生会忽视其中的语法规则,很多情况下like后面的动词都不加-ing。此处应该改为:I like playing basketball.)
One of my classmates saw an old man was sat on the ground.(表示看见某人正在做某事时,应该用see sb doing sth,所以此处应该改为:One of my classmates saw an old man sitting on the ground.)
Do exercise is important to us.(动词作主语,一般要把动词变成动名词的形式,所以此处应该是:Doing exercise is important to us.)
3.时态错误
I am playing football three times a week.(three times a week这个时间状语通常与一般现在时连用,所以正确的句子应该是:I play football three times a week.)
Last year,I have been to Shanghai with my parents.(现在完成时不能与last year连用,所以此句可以改为:I have been to Shanghai.Last year,I went there with my parents.)
三、应对初中生写作中错误的对策
(一)给学生提供修改作文的标准和提示,让学生养成良好的自我纠错习惯
学生作文中通常有较多的错误,但并非所有的错误都是真正的错误(error),而是失误(mistake)。失误是由于笔误或粗心造成的,可以避免。因此,教师有必要要求学生在上交作文前,充分利用所学的语言知识检查和修改自己的作文,少出和不出错误。所以笔者认为,写作后,上交作文前自我检查纠错的习惯,可以有效避免学生写作中的常见错误,但是如何检查自己的作文,学生通常没有一定的标准和提示。
(二)注重积累学生习作中语法错误的通病,有主题地进行不同类型的改错练习
学生的自我纠错能力不是一朝一夕能够培养出来的,它需要学生具有扎实的语法功底及大量反复的练习。为此,针对学生在实际写作中的常见错误,进行有主题的改错练习就十分有必要。教师在平时的教学中,应该注意积累学生写作中的各种语法错误,并有意识地分析这些错误,将错误归类,找出学生犯错的原因,每次针对某一个问题,有主题地进行纠正,有效解决问题。有研究表明:“纠错过程是学生的认知转变过程,能否成功取决于是否有足够的认知操作来实现这一转变,它需要学生在纠错过程中有足够的心理注意和心理投入,增强学生心理注意的有效方法是选择性纠错。选择纠错最显著的特点是缩小学生的注意力范围,让学生的注意力集中于某一个或几个错误的语法点上,有利于记忆。”所以,笔者认为,根据初中学生英语写作中的常见语法错误,可以进行不同主题的改错练习,如专门进行主谓不一致的改错,代词的改错,非谓语动词的改错,主谓结构的改错,时态的改错,名词单复数的改错等。
(三)结合英语写作中的常见错误,有效开发课程资源,系统性地进行语法知识教学
近年来,我国进行了新一轮的国家基础教育课程改革,制定了新的《义务教育英语课程标准》。课程标准对于英语的课程观,语言观,语言教学观有了崭新的诠释。它改变了以往英语课程过分重视语法和词汇知识的讲解与传授的理念,提倡全新的任务型教学模式。借助二期课改的契机所引入的《初中牛津英语教材》便很好地体现了这一理念。牛津教材的编写主要以“话题”为主线,通过课堂的学习,学生在听说能力上得到了一定的提高和锻炼,但在语法知识的学习上却不够系统,语法知识贫乏。因此,笔者认为,从初中低年级开始,有效地整合开发教学资源,系统地进行语法知识教学,对于英语写作有很大的帮助。
1.进行系统的基本语法知识教学
帮助学生学习了解初中九大词类及其用法:名词、动词、代词、数词、介词、连词形容词、副词、冠词等;掌握最基本的句子成分,会对英语句子进行成分分析,找出句子中的主谓宾、定状补等句子关键成分;能正确地运用英语中最基本的八种时态;掌握初中最基本的五种句子类型:简单句、并列句、复合句、状语从句、宾语从句等。
2.有效开发整合课程资源,注重语法教学的有效性、交际性、系统性、趣味性等
Celce-Murcia在其语法教学策略有效性对比表中,表示在语法教学中,交际教学活动比非交际教学活动更有效(隐性教学)。如下表(根据Celce-Murcia,1985,转引自Stern1992:43)
根据上述理论,笔者认为《中学生英语写作新视野》(Linda Lonon Blanton)和《如何通过课堂活动教语法》(Penny Ur)等书籍材料都是适合开发利用的语法及写作教学资源。当然关于语法教学是采用显性方式还是隐性方式,各专家学者意见不一,研究成果也颇有争议。具体采用何种教学方法还应根据学习者的具体情况而定,在平时的教学中坚持全面的原则,即按照隐性教学和显性教学相结合的原则,因材施教,灵活变通。
语言的输出需要一定的积累,所以在英语写作中,词汇、句子、语篇的积累就显得十分重要。对于单词的记忆,笔者认为,可以让学生根据词类分类,将动词、形容词、副词等进行分类背诵,这样有助于学生有效分析句子成分,避免词类误用等问题。为了让学生避免“中式英文”的问题,除了让学生了解一定的语法规则外,也应该关注教材中地道的英语句子,在教学中让学生分析,让学生进行反复读背和默写等活动。
参考文献:
[1]司显柱。英语写作教材新编[M]。上海:东华大学出版社,.
[2]王蔷。英语教学策略论[M]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,.
(作者单位 上海市奉贤区平安学校)
中国人学英语总是受到汉语的干扰。英语写作是语法概念、词汇知识、修辞手法等交流手段的综合运用。缺乏对英语习惯表达法的了解及缺少写作技巧的基本训练,英语写作中就会出现各种错误。下面笔者将学生作文中最普遍的错误作一归类整理,以便对症下药,排除干扰,用地道的英语表达自己的观点。
一、结构错误
1. There be 句型拖泥带水。如:
There is an old sentence says “Practice makes perfect.”
学生作文中常爱引用一句谚语或格言来开头,于是在There be句型后紧跟着又出现了一个谓语动词。实际上,要表示“常言道”英语中有现成的说法,如:“As the saying goes”,“As a proverb has it”等。还有些学生的作文开头就是“There has different ideas about...”,连基本的“There be”句型也被改造了。
2. 误用平行结构。所谓平行结构,或对称结构(Parallelism),是指用相同的语法结构表示几个意思上密切相关内容的修辞手法。这一修辞手法极其有用,使用得当,可使句子结构紧凑,对称协调,语意鲜明,逻辑性强。但是,许多学生由于对这种修辞手法知之甚少,对其对称照应的特点掌握不好,常常写出一些结构不均衡,文意欠通顺,逻辑混乱的句子。如:
My summer's work proved not only interesting but I also learned much from it.
She has fallen in love with him not because he is handsome but that he is diligent.
3. 出现“悬垂结构”。在一个句子中,修饰语必须清楚地修饰句中某个词或短语,如果它不修饰句中的任何成分,而处于悬浮状态,这样的修饰语即为悬垂结构(Dangling Element)。如:
Climbing up the tower, the whole city came into our view.
(1)悬垂分词
误: Being Sunday, they went for a picnic.
正: It being Sunday, they went for a picnic.
正: As it was Sunday, they went for a picnic.
(2)悬垂不定式
误:To swim properly, a course of instruction was necessary.
正:To swim properly, one needs a course of instruction.
(3)悬垂简式从句
误:When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
正:When he was a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
二、意义错误
英语句子的意义错误产生于用词不当,用词不当又产生于不懂词义或片面理解,根子是完全依赖中文字面释义,不顾词性内涵、前后搭配等而张冠李戴。
1. 词性误用。
We all know that fail is the mother of succeed. (fail的名词形式为failure; succeed的名词形式为success)
Make our cities greener is important. Plant trees and flowers is the best measure to obtain the goal.(应改用动名词短语作主语Making...和Planting...)
People can through the Internet to get information. (错把介词through当动词用。宜改为:People can get information through the Internet.)
2. 词语赘用。
词语赘用就是在文章中使用了多余的字(useless words)、或用了大词(big words),雅词(elegant words),形成了废话(dead word),使文章组织不严密,内容模糊不清。如:
Before we began to carry out the open-policy, my home town was a poor, backward, shabby, ugly and undeveloped place. 此句过多地使用了一些带有贬义的形容词,如此描述,使人不能不感到作者似乎对自己的家乡眷恋不足,厌倦有余。为何出现这种词语多余的现象呢?
(1)(语言)心理负担过重。写作时,惟恐所表达的意思不完整,语言不完美,于是就接二连三地使用一些意思相同或相近的词语,结果破坏了句子的简洁性。我们在写作实践中务必用词准确、简练,使所表达的内容清楚明白。
(2)受汉语影响。在汉语写作中,人们经常使用“修饰语+中心词”这一公式,如:“残酷剥削”、“野蛮侵略”。受这种汉语措辞的影响,不少学生写出的英语就显得简练不足。
3. 词语搭配不当。
何为搭配?语言学家JR.Firth(1957)将搭配定义为词汇间的相互关联(You shall know a word by the company it keeps.)。Halliday&Cowie都强调搭配是词语的“共现”。需指出的是词汇之间的搭配基本上是约定俗成的,没有什么道理可讲。英语中的习惯搭配范围很广,种类很多。常见的有:(1)名词和动词的搭配:英语中有些名词常常与某些动词搭配使用。例如:“获得胜利”为win the victory,而“获得知识”则是acquire knowledge。又如:表示“在字典中查单词”,我们可说look up a word in the dictionary,但表示“查字典”却不能说look up a dictionary,而应说refer to a dictionary或consult a dictionary ; (2)形容词和名词的搭配:英语中形容词和名词搭配的现象也很普遍。例如:形容女子美丽,我们常用beautiful或pretty,但形容男子漂亮时,我们则须用handsome或smart。又如:strong和powerful为同义词,我们只能说strong tea和 a powerful car;反之,则不能被接受; (3)动词和副词的习惯搭配:英语中动词和副词的习惯搭配也比比皆是。例如:要表示“笑逐颜开”,一般说smile broadly而不说smile widely,同样,要表示“他大量地出汗”时,可以说:He sweated profusely, 而要表示“他大量地引用本书”时,则须说He drew heavily on the book; (4)介词的一些习惯搭配:英语中有些动词或形容词后、名词前要呼应不同的介词,形成习惯搭配。例如:可以说:Somebody is familiar with something。
三、表达方式错误
懂得了语法,掌握了语义,写起文章来还有表达方式对不对、好不好的问题,在这方面,汉语同样会干扰英语。有的学生的文章生硬晦涩,读起来好象骨鲠在喉,吞不下去,这多半是由于打不破汉语的牢笼。My English base is still very poor. (宜改为:I’m poor at English. / My English is poor.)
Last year an extremely big flood which happen once in scores of years took place in many parts of our country. (宜改为:Last year many parts of China were visited by the worst flood in scores of years.)
This year my listening skills have made much progress.(宜改为:I have made great progress in my listening this year.)
建议:
1. 学习英语受到汉语干扰是必然的,不应埋怨而应努力减少干扰,排除干扰。教师在教学过程中要注意发现这方面的问题,并采取积极有效的措施,满腔热忱地帮助指导学生克服母语干扰的障碍。不妨有针对性地向学生介绍一些基本的翻译知识,引导他们自觉地走出“牛角尖”。
2. 从学生角度看,要在学习过程中不断注意纠正自己在运用英语时依赖汉语的不良习惯。如:学习词汇时,不要简单地和词典上的汉语释义一一对应。词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体,词又是语句的基本结构单位(陆国强1986)。了解一个词(knowing a word)就要学习它的意义(包括上下文意义和意义关系);词的使用(包括修辞和习语、固定搭配、文体和语意);词的信息(包括词性,前缀和后缀,拼写和发音);这个词的语法(包括名词的可数不可数;动词互补,词组动词;形容词、副词的位置等)。(Harmer,1990)
语言这东西,不下苦功难学好。英语写作没有什么“秘诀”可言,我们必须加强阅读,并在阅读时留心观察,细心模仿。词汇、句型和表达方式见得多了也就熟了,使用时也会信手拈来。Practice makes perfect的道理用在语言学习中似乎是更适用的。只要处处留心,打开思路,就能在实践中一步步克服Chinglish倾向,使自己的英语日益趋于地道、纯正。 (全文完)
(文/张树勇; 英语辅导报)
英语作文常见错误分析
文章摘要:他的儿子也有点奇怪:小树长高了,可是自己长得却不如小树长得高了,这是为什么呢;有红,白,绿,紫,五光十色。中考英语作文十大常见错误分析还有那爬动的八只脚和那来回摇晃的大钳子。在这场战争中,许多医务人员都不幸被感染了,叶欣、邓练贤等医务人员更是为此而付出了生命,在这场战争中体现了作为一个医务人员应有的救死扶伤的精神;
一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体,任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而,很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意,或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数、第三人称单数不加s,前后不一致,以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。
1.审题不清
如中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动,有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”,偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则,若文章内容不切题,则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确,都会被判为零分。
2.拼写错误
拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功,但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分,而且有大量拼写错误存在的`作文不仅体现出语言基本功差,同时也直接影响内容的表达,通常会降低作文的档次。
3.名词单复数问题:
误Myfatherandmymotherisallteacher.
正Myfatherandmymotherarebothteachers.
4.缺少动词
在汉语中没有动词的句子是允许的,但英语中每个完整的句子都必须有动词来构成,如:“我累了。”这个句子没有动词作谓语,而用形容词,但英语形容词不能作谓语,一定要写成:I‘mtired.
误IhappyIcancometoBeijingZoo.
正IamhappyIcancometoBeijingZoo.
误Theapplescheap.I’lltakesome.
正Theapplesarecheap.I‘lltakesome.
5.缺少介词、冠词等
还有一些考生因为没有熟练掌握介词或者冠词的用法,不了解中英文语言习惯的不同,也会出现明显的错误,造成丢分现象。
误Becauseheavyrainwecan’tholdthesportsmeeting.
正Becauseoftheheavyrainwecan‘tholdthesportsmeeting.
考研英语作文常见错误分析
【摘要】在英文写作过程中,学生们常常误入歧途却自己不能察觉。一些常见的写作错误会出现在大部分考生的试卷上。比如审题不清,经常出现偏题或跑题;习惯汉语思维,逐字翻译;用词搭配不当,张冠李戴;词不达意,拼写错误严重;等等。具体来说,常见的错误主要有这些:
一、指代方面的错误
在使用代词it,he,this,that,which,one等时,前文中应出现明确的先行词。
如:Since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future,it is senseless to force him to learn it.,这句话中,him和it这两个代词都有明确的先行词,分别是a child和knowledge,因此句子的含义非常清楚。
可是,不少学生在使用这些代词时,虽然自己很清楚它们指代的是什么,但在作文中却没有交代清楚,结果这些代词非但没有使行文简洁,反而造成了意思上的模糊,让阅卷老师不知所云。
误:Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear.
正:Sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.
【说明】句1中的they既可指教师,也可指学生,属指代不清的。可以把它们中的任意一个改成单数名词。因为单数名词也可以泛指一类。
二、修饰方面的错误
修饰语应紧靠被修饰的成分,并和它形成正确的逻辑关系。如果修饰语的位置不妥当,就会造出模棱两可的病句。
误:To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside.
正:To keep the air clean, we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases.
【说明】句1要表达的是把有害气体排放到农村,还是把工厂迁到农村去?显然修饰语to the countryside的位置放错了。如句2改变一下结构,就能清楚地表达要表达的意思了。
三、一致方面的错误
在一个句子内部或紧邻的两三个句子之间,要保持时态、人称、数等的一致。
误:Whether one enjoys or resents advertisements, we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
正:Whether we enjoy or resent advertisements, we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day.
【说明】代词应与所指代的先行词保持人称和数上的一致。句1也可改成Whether one enjoys or resents the advertisement, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day.
四、平行结构方面的错误
这里专指语态、比较级、非谓语形式、冠词用法、可数名词和不可数名词、不定代词单复数以及时态等错误。
1、误:Narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents.
正:narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents. (to happen)
误:A great change has been taken place since then.
正:A great change has taken place since then.
误:But it may occur some new problems.
正:But some new problems may occur/arise.
误:Opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard.
正:Opportunities only belong to those who work hard.
【说明】happen,take place,occur,arise等动词和动词词组一般既不能用作被动结构,也不能作为及物动词带宾语的。但学生作文中类似的错误较多:Our country has taken place a great change in many fields.
2、误:The pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster.
正:The pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster.
误:Electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power.
正:Electricity is the most important power in our daily life.
误:Thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now.
正:Thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now.
【说明】这些都是在使用比较形式时出现的错误。尤其是第1例较普遍。如more easier,more stronger等。
五、断句方面的错误
一句句子没有结束,又开始新的一句,结果造成句子结构不全,这就成为断句。
误:TV becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.
正:TV becomes an important part in our daily life,because we cannot live without it.
【说明】以because,since,if等引导的从句是不能独立成句的,只能依属于主句,所以不能写成另一句。
六、连词方面的错误
作文中缺少必要的`连词,或错用连词的现象也比较普遍。
误:One should improve his English,one should overcome difficulties in studies.
正:If one wants to improve his English,he should overcome difficulties in studies.
【说明】学生在写作中往往意识不到连词的重要,不善于使用连词和连接副词来明确标示出因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等。
七、搭配方面的错误
学生作文中用词搭配方面的错误也占有较大比例。曾经在一次六级作文阅卷中,近千篇作文在表达上海交通越来越拥挤这个意思时,几乎没有一篇用 heavier,大多数人用的是The traffic in Shanghai is getting more and more crowded,而traffic是不能与crowded搭配的。
1、误:However the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle.
正:However the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle.
【说明】speed只能和high,low,good,top,normal,fantastic,moderate,surprising等搭配,不能与fast,quick,slow搭配。但可以这样说A car is much faster in speed than a bicycle.
2、误:In the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it.
正:In the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldnt afford it.
【说明】price只和high,low,inflated,moderate,minimum,original,popular,prevailing,published,reduced,reasonable等搭配,不能与expensive,cheap搭配,但可以说In the past,milk was so expensive that most families couldnt afford it.
由此可见,要提高对词语搭配的驾驭能力,除了要在平时的阅读过程中多积累,还需要克服中文中诸如速度快、价格贵、学习知识、人减少等搭配的影响,避免写出look book或see book这样的笑话来。
八、误用方面
学生作文中对词语的误用也相当普遍,误用词语不仅不能准确地表达作者的意思,而且也会闹出笑话。
1、误:With the industrious development,there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
正:With the industrial development,there is a great need for different kinds of energy.
2、误:Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life.
正:Most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life.
【说明】以上错句都是因为对形容词的辨析不清而造成的。Industrious是勤劳的,工业上的应为industrial。effect一般用作名词,其动词形式表示产生、实现,而这里的意思是影响,应换成affect。
大学英语写作教学中常见错误分析及对策
本文列举了学生在英语写作中常出现的典型错误,分析了形成错误的.主要原因,并对此提出了对策,以期对大学英语写作教学和提高学生的英语写作水平有所帮助.
考研英语小作文中常见错误及指导
许多考生在备考过程中,英语(二)考生在应用文写作中普遍存在的问题,就此,教育王老师在解读大纲的基础上,分析小作文写作中常见的问题。希望广大的考生不论是英语(一)的考生还是英语(二)的考生都可以从中得到一些启示,同时我们还会送给同学们一些建议,希望大家能少走弯路。
自从 考研英语大纲中出现了应用文写作这个题型,“小作文”一下子成了热门词,写作所占的分值一下子提高了,必然应该引起考生的重视。考研英语(二)的大纲继承了这个题型。英语(二)最新大纲规定A节题型有两种,每次考试选择其中的一种形式。备选题型包括:
1) 考生根据所给情景写出约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。
2) 要求考生根据所提供的'汉语文章,用英语写出一篇80~100词的该文摘要。
从大纲可以看出英语(二)的小作文同英语(一)的小作文一样,都包括应用文和英文摘要两大部分。应用文中还包括书信、备忘录、报告等不同类别。而通过历年的英语(一)和英语(二)的真题可以看出,书信写作是考查的一个重点,只有20的英语(一)考查了通知的写作。其实书信写作对于广大考生来说并不陌生,大学英语四六级中书信写作是常考题型。但是教育王老师在辅导学生作文过程中发现,学生的书信写作还存在诸多问题。
第一,格式上的错误。书信的称呼,正确的格式应该是“Dear …,”,而很多考生不用Dear,而且一般都是写成“Dear…:”。另外,在考研英语写作中不需要写日期,最后书信的落款是“Li Ming”,而不是自己的姓名。考生不注意书信的格式,后果就是扣分严重。
第二,审题不认真,内容离题。一直以来,在写作之前我们都跟学生强调要审题,很多考生一直不注意这点,也有的认为书信没有什么值得仔细审读的。但是最后的后果就是,内容偏离题目要求。小作文要如何审题呢?首先要仔细阅读题目所提供的情景,确定写信人和收信人的关系即写信人的身份,进而确定书信的口气,这样才能满足大纲中对写作语域的要求。另外,还需要注意情景发生的时间和背景,注意书信的时态。
在重点备考书信写作的同时,提醒考生们千万不能忽视其它类型的写作,比如通知、备忘录等。小作文种类繁多,但是只要有正确的思路和方法,再加上多写、多练、多改,一定可以攻克。
英语作文中常见的主题句开头句型结构
1、毫无疑问......
There is no doubt (that)...
例句:There is no doubt that complacency is the enemy of study.
毫无疑问,学习的敌人是自己的满足。
2、根据我个人经验......
According to my personal experience, ...= Based on my personal experience, ...
例句:According to my personal experience, true mastery of any skill takes a lifetime.
根据我个人经验,对任何技能的掌握都需要一生的刻苦操练。
3、随着人口的增加......
With the increase/growth of the population, ...
随着科技的进步, ......
With the advance of science and technology, ...
With the rapid development of China's economy, a lot of social problems have come to pass.
虽然中国经济的快速发展,很多社会问题也随之产生了。
4、......是必要的
It is necessary that ...
...是重要的
It is important/essential that......
...是适当的
It is proper that......
...是紧急的
It is urgent that ......
5、.......的主要理由是......
The main reason why ... is (that)
例句:The main reason why the juveniles commit crimes is that social environment is becoming worse.
青少年犯罪的主要理由是社会环境日一败坏。
6、俗语说得好...
Well goes an old saying,“…”= As an old saying goes(runs, says), “…”= An old saying goes, “…”
例句:As an old saying goes, “don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.”
俗话说的好,今日事,今日毕。
7、据说......
It is said (that)...
一般认为......
It is thought (that)...
大家都知道......
It is known (that)...
据报道......
It is reported (that)
预料......
It is expected (that)...
估计......
It is estimated (that)...
相信......
It is believed (that)...
例句:It is believed (that) nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
相信世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
英语作文范文:年幼留学好不好
In recently, as people’s living standard improves, people start to pay attention on their kids. In our Chinese eyes, education is very important to develop kids. So, going to study abroad becomes more and more popular among young children. Some people think it is a good way to exercise the next generation, but some people consider it is not good for the study of the young kids. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the former opinion.
近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,人们开始把重点放在孩子身上。在我们中国人眼里,教育对于培养孩子是非常重要的。所以,出国留学在小孩子中变得越来越受欢迎。一些人认为这是锻炼下一代的好方法,但有些人认为这并不利于孩子们的学习。就我而言,我同意前者的观点。
First of all, studying abroad is good to develop children’s independent ability. We all know that every child is the apple in their parents’ eyes. No matter the poor family or rich family, their parents will try their best to give the best things for their kids. There is no doubt that there will be little princess and prince appear. In such environment, how can the kids learn to be independent? However, the kids can get rid of their parents spoiling to go to study abroad. When they are in the foreign country, they have to do everything by themselves. How can’t they become independent?
首先,出国留学有助于培养孩子的独立能力。我们都知道每个孩子都是父母的掌上明珠。不管是贫穷的家庭还是有钱的家庭,他们的父母会尽他们最大的努力给孩子最好的。毫无疑问,出现小公主和小王子。在这样的环境中,小孩们如何学会独立呢?然而,出国留学孩子们可以摆脱父母的宠溺。当他们在国外时,所有的事情他们都要自己做。他们怎么可能不独立呢?
Secondly, different teaching method can improve the kids’ accept ability. The education in oversea is different from ours. If the kids can receive different education system, they must have better acceptance about everything in their life. Moreover, adapting various environments is good for to improve their adaptation. All this will lay a good foundation for their future.
其次,不同的教学方法可以提高学生们的接受能力。国外的教育与我们的不一样。如果孩子们能接受到不同的教育体系,对于他们生活的其他事情肯定会容易地接受。此外,适应各种环境有利于提高他们的适应能力。所有这一切都为他们自己的将来打下良好的基矗。
In a word, to study abroad in a young age is good for the development of children. They will benefit lots from it.
总之,年幼留学有利于孩子们的成长。他们会获益匪浅。
大学生英语作文语篇中的衔接与连贯分析
本文根据Hlliday等提出的语篇衔接与连贯理论,对部分非英语专业大学生作文中衔接与连贯情况进行了分析,发现了其中的一些问题,并建议将这方面的`训练作为英语写作教学的一个重要内容.
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